Middle English Dictionary Entry
wẹ̄̆k(e n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | wẹ̄̆k(e n.(1) Also wec, weik(e, wik(e, wicke, (early) wueke & (?error) woke. |
Etymology | OE wēoce, wīoce. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The fibrous cord of cotton or flax that draws fuel to the flame of a candle, torch, or lamp, a wick;—also coll.; candel (torche) ~;
(b) in conventional comparisons and fig. contexts;
(c) the material or commodity from which wicks are made, wicking [occas. difficult to distinguish from (a)]; ~ yarn; candel (torche) ~;
(d) med. & surg. a piece of flaxen or cotton wicking used as a dressing, to introduce medicine into a wound, as a suppository, etc.; also, a piece of such wicking burned as a restorative;
(e) candel ~ (strete, a kind of cheap fabric;
(f) in street name: candel ~ strete.
Associated quotations
a
- (1358) Doc.in Riley Mem.Lond.301 : [The Waxchandlers…shall not put into their] wykes [any fat…or other…refuse, nor shall they…make their] wykes […of excessive weight, so as to be selling] wyke [for wax…but let their] wyke [be in accordance with the quantity of the wax, as it reasonably ought to be].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)208b/a : A tre…haþ þat name ‘lignum’…for it takeþ soone fuyre & light, and is y-cleped ‘lichinus’, a wike, for it ȝeueþ light.
- a1400 Alphita (SeldArch B.35)99/13 : Licinum, lichinum idem: gallice, lynnoun; anglice, mecche uel wyk.
- (1420-21) in Gras Eng.Cust.Syst.502 : De Lodowico Wedynghous pro ii fardellis cum torchewekes pr. £iiii x s.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)37b/b : Lycinus: a wike of a candel [Hrl 1738: a candyl weyke].
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)38b/a : Lucinium: a weke [Cnt: a candell weke].
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)520 : Weyke [Win: Weyk], of a candel: Lichinius; Weyke, of a lampe; Ticendulum.
- (a1443) Proc.Chanc.in Cal.PCEliz.1.p.xxxii : He…hath made candell of talghe with weyke of flex, to serve hem as well and as longe to endure as candell made with weyke of cotoun.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)1277 : Þe cerge…þis mayde toke hit…& blewe ouȝt þe leyȝt…Bot þe weke hulte stylle þe snytte.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)82 : Office of Chaundlerye hathe in hym a sergeaunte…He resceyvyth of the chiefe clerke of the spycerye all wexe and weekes…and other stuffe necessarye to this office.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)21a : A Candyll shers: emunctorium; Candyll weke: lichinum, lichinus.
b
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)47 : In Christo enim corpus et anima et diuinitas…Alse wex on þe candele sene, þe wueke wiðinnen unsene, and þe fur on boðe.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.154 : Wec that in wax loken esse Cristes sawel bitakenesse That was loken and hidde in fleys.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)163/30 : If a candel þat brenneþ, ouþer a weke, be putt al in oile…þe fier þerof wole out; in þis same maner is þe spirit of lijf queynt…for þe greet flux of blood.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.204 : To a torche or a tapre þe trinitee is lykned, As wex and a weke were twyned togideres, And þanne a fyre flaumende forth oute of bothe.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.239 : As þe weyke [C: wicke] and fyre wil make a warme flaumbe…So wil cryst…Bothe forȝiue & forȝete.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)247/34 : Þis soule bereþ in hersilf a candil of gracious liȝt…into þe which soule entriþ watir of synne & baþith þe wyke of liȝt of gracious baptisme, where[by] it wexiþ vndisposid.
- c1429 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)1285 : In the candel is fire, weke, and wax, this thre; In Crist warre flesshe and sawle and verray divinitee.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)236 : Of a torche…tak an ensample, Þat þouȝ ludus of þe lem lihtede an hundred, Hit scholde nouht lesen his liht…While þe weke and þe waxs…lasteþ.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)6.390 : The wax betokenyth his manhede, The weyke his soule.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)3003 : Monnus thoȝt as weke i-wys Is hud þat hit may no mon se.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)60/4 : A candyll ys made of whyte weke and of wax…Þus Crystys whyt soule was hydde wyth his monhede.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)25/10 : In a candell…The weyke betokeneth the manhede of Crist.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)2869 : Þus it is…Of þe blood þe weike i-make, And by þo fire þe soule i-take.
- 1530(c1450) Mirror Our Lady (Fawkes)113 : As the fatnesse of oyle may not burne tyl a weyke or matche be put therto, ryghte so the moste feruente charite…shone not…tyl hys sonne had taken to hym a manly body that ys vnderstonded by the weyke.
c
- (1376-7) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.100386 : In candelwek empt., 7 d.
- (1391) Acc.Exped.Der.in Camd.n.s.5267/28 : Clerico speciarie…pro wyke…pro torches faciendis.
- (a1399) Oath Bk.Colchester6 : Chaundelers wyke, c li., ij d.
- (1404) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.100395 : Item, vj libri de weke pro torgis.
- (1427-8) *Mun.B.Bridgewater14 : For makyng of a torche in Wekeȝern, iiij d.
- (1431-2) *Mun.B.Bridgewater13 : For ix knottes of wekeyerne, ij d.
- (1432) in Rec.B.Nottingham 2130 : Reginald del Shaw…bought…ceram, rosynam, et weke de linio…in torches, tortes, staunchiers, priketes et pierchiers facta.
- (1438-9) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.9971 : In 2 dd. de candilweke emp. pro candel alb., 2 s. 6 d.
- (1443-4) Compota Dom.(1836)18 : In vij petris di. iiij lb. di. huiusmodi torchweke emptis…vij s. xj d. ob.
- (1447-8) *Mun.B.Bridgewater17 : Item, for iij lb. of Wekeȝern, ix d.; Item, for makyng of v tapers & ij torchis, ij s. iiij d.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)62 : Clerke of Controulment…ys to see to…purveyaunces…as for weyghte of brede, wax, weeke, all manner spyces.
- (1483-84) Acc.Ashburton in D&CRS n.s.154 : [Paid for] wekyerne [for the circuit of the church, 2 d.; Item for making 8 lbs. of wax to the same length, 4d.]
- (1484-85) Acc.Ashburton in D&CRS n.s.156 : [For] weke yerne [for measuring of the church,] 1 d. [For wax bought and making ti to the said length,] 4s. 4d.
d
- a1450 Diseases Women(2) (Sln 2463)78 : Take ceruse…lete wetyn a weke therin & putte it in her prevy membre in manere of a suppositorie.
- a1450 Diseases Women(2) (Sln 2463)90 : Lete her smelle stynkyng thinges…as…feþeres brent, oþer a wyke wet in oyle & ytende & sithen yquenched.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)276/891 : Make round wekys as a mannes littel fynger, sharp at on end and temper it in the hony and a threde on the grete end, & put in the fundement vp all in & let þe threde hange with oute.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)104/9 : Take flax and make a weke and do it in þe jus and putte it in þe wounde.
- a1475 Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)69/17 : Take…oile of roses…and put þerof in þe eere, dipped in a wike or in coton.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)125a/b : Take a weke of flex þat schal be baþid in hoot wyne & wronge out & þat schal be leid to þe wounde.
- a1500 Diseases Women(3) (Yale-M 47)53/469 : Take sal gemme and sal nytre; poudre hem and temper hem with vynegre and salt watre and weet a woke [DW(2): weke] of coton þer yn and put it in to hire priuey membre, and it wyll delyuer hire of hire corrupt sede.
e
- (c1332) Acc.Eleanor in Archaeol.77122 : iij ulne dimidia panni de Kandelwykstret, precii ulne xiiij d.
- (1334-5) Sacrist R.Ely 266 : In xiiij ulnis panni de Candelwike.
- (a1349) Wardrobe Acc.Edw.III(1) in Archaeol.3154 : Bancar. de panno de Candelwykstrete.
- (1351-2) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.100552 : In 14 ulnis de Candelwykstret empt. pro Pagiis Prioris.
f
- (1275-6) Doc.in Riley Mem.Lond.3 : [In the Parish of St. Michael], Candelwykestrete.
- (1298) Court R.Lond.10 : [Maykin le Chaundeler…allowing foreigners to trade in his Seld in] Candelwykstrate.
- (1430-31) RParl.4.370b : The Chirche of Seint Laurence of Candelwikstrete.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. wick.