Middle English Dictionary Entry
warm adj.
Entry Info
Forms | warm adj. Also warme, wharme, (chiefly early) wearm(e, werm(e & (early) wirm(e, (infl.) wearma, wearmum, wearmen, wermum & (in place names) war-, warine-, worma- & (errors) warne, wermamum; comp. warmer, warmore. |
Etymology | OE wearm, LOE (in place names) warm-; for forms in -e- and -i- cp. ME warmen v. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Of the sun, a fire: radiating a considerable degree of heat;
(b) of weather, wind: characterized by pleasantly warm temperatures, mild, balmy; ?also, hot, scorching [last quot.];
(c) of a day, season: characterized by warm weather; of a time of day: characterized by warm temperatures; also, as noun: temperate regions [1st quot.].
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)27/4 : Wyrce hym arest hnesce bedd and macian wearm fyr.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)5582 : Þe sonne…was warme.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)125/11 : With þat anoynted cloth rudde þe morfu…in a warm sunne, and þe morfu schall falle awey.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)100 : The sone was so warme…I…slomerde a while.
b
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.410 : After sharpe shoures…moste shene is þe sonne; Is no weder warmer [C vr. warmore] þan after watery cloudes.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)478 : Hef vp þe hete and heterly brenned; Þe warm wynde of þe weste, wertes he swyþez.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.3.11 : The wode waxeth rody of rosene floures…thurw the breeth of the wynd Zephirus that waxeth warm.
- a1475 Sidrak & B.in Centaurus 12 (Lnsd 793)217/3137 : Whanne þe wedre is troubled right…may it be here warme ytolde, And somtime in faire weder colde.
c
- a1225 Wint.Ben.Rule (Cld D.3)111/11 : Sy þam ȝeswustre reaf ȝeseald…be þæs eardes odðe þære lyfte & þære ȝewidere; on cealde earde [L in frigidis regionibus] behofað mare, on wearme [L in calidis] læssen.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.219 : In spryngynge of the mone is best to sowe, In dayis warm.
- c1475 Abbrev.Trip.SSecr.(UC 85)348/20 : Noon tyme…is the warmest houre of the daye.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)92/20 : Fastyngis be made fowre tymes in the yere…The firste is for veer, that is moyste and warme.
2.
(a) Of clothing, a garment, etc.: made so as to retain bodily warmth effectively, of heat-retaining material;
(b) of a house or dwelling: heated to a comfortable temperature; also, ?constructed so as to retain warmth and keep out the chill, snug;
(c) med. of a medicament: ?warm in quality; ?productive of warmth or a sensation of warmth in the body.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)214/12 : Ower schon i winter beon meoke, greate, & warme.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)215/19 : Ȝef ȝe muhen beo wimpelles…beoð bi warme cappen, & þer uppon hwite oðer blake veiles.
- a1400 Cursor (Phys-E)23090 : Of nakidhed quen I drow harme, Ye gaf me cleþing þat was warme.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1731 : Such colde me hente That, vnder clothes warme [F chaut] and softe, Sithen that day I haue cheuered ofte.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.875 : Another sengle, maad of wolle…was…warm for wyntir, to were the frosti niht.
- a1450 Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)9/330 : Thou shalt vse…a warme pylche for wynter…and oo cote for somer.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)818/15 : Thou haddyst more nede of a slepe and of warme clothis than to welde that swerde!
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)39/36 : Hit wer almes forto ȝeue ȝondyr pore man warmer cloþes þen he haþe; he semeth sure acold.
b
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)35/9 : Ne cume he on nane cyle, þe hwile þe he seoc beo, ac beo hym on wermum huse.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)51/14 : Do hyne on wearme [L calido] huse.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)622 : Þar in ic habbe god ihold, A winter warm, a sumere cold.
c
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)473/36 : The commune vse…ȝeteþ yn warme [*Ch.(1): hote] oyles, as oyle of camomylle, oyle of anete, oyle of soure almandes…oyle of asshe, and þe water of the droppynge þerof.
3.
(a) Heated by artificial means so as to seem warm to the touch or taste, warmed; also, heated so as to feel hot;
(b) in cpds. and combs.: ~ hot, heated to a fairly high temperature, moderately hot; even ~, ?moderately warm; leue ~, tepid, lukewarm; leuk ~ [see leuk-warm adj. (a)]; milk ~, warm as milk from the cow [see also milk n. 1b.(c)].
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)73/4 : Nim þeos wyrt, syle drincan on wyrme wine.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)75/4 : Ȝenim þas wyrt…cnuca to smale duste, syle drinca on werme wætere.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)79/4 : Ȝif þu hi þanne grene nabbe, ȝenim hi driȝe & dipe on wermum watere.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)109/10 : Sile drinca on wearma [OE wearmum; L calida] wætere.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)163/13 : Beða ærest þæt sar mid watere, hreaw sedðan mid wermamum [OE wearmum] wyrtreowenum wose.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)35/19 : Wyrð þanne to þan breostan, swa hæt swa he hattest forberan mæȝe; þanne þeo beo acoled, leȝe oþerne wearme þarto.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)35/21-2 : Bace hym man þanne wearmen hlaf be heorþe, and ete þane maniȝe dæȝes þane hlaf þe wyrm.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)45/29 : Sile hym þann fæstende etan on wearmum wæteran feowur daȝes.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1492 : Broðer iacob…Of ðis warme mete ðu gif me nu.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)8/219 : Water is kendeliche cheld, Þaȝ hit be warm of fere.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.854 : Who so toucheth warm pych, it shent his fyngres.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)223b/a : Ius þerof warme [L tepidus] wiþ oyle y-do into þe eeren helpeþ aȝein defnesse.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)78a/b : Clisteriez with wyne austere, blac, tepide, i. warme, in þis case ar commaunded of G.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)139a/a : Leie aboue þat þe emplaister of malowes warme.
- a1450 Diseases Women(2) (Sln 2463)106 : Let her haue a plastre of paritorie al warme as she may suffre & ley it to her bely.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)178/15 : Tak þe jus of þis herbe and make it warm and put it warm in-to þin erys.
- a1475 Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)2/9 : If þe hede-ache be of flevme…let him wasshe his fete with warme salt watir euery nyȝte.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)89a/a : If þe tyme of þe ȝeer be cold, þanne make þis medicyn warme and fulfille þe wounde þerwiþ.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)4958 : Lat a misel wasshe him right wel In a water warme somdel.
b
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)8 : Take creme or mylke, or [read: and] brede of paynemayn…an set it on þe fyre tyl it be warme hot.
- c1450 *Dc.55 Cook.Recipes [OD Col.] (Dc 55)xiii : Till it be warme hott.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)207 : For þe pokkes: Tak mekel fenel, & mak þer of jus, & hete hyt lew warm.
- a1475 Limn.Bks.(Brog 2.1)85 : Caste hem into lewke warme water, and let heme melt togedyre, and so alle in ewene warme water put therein thy skynne.
- a1475 Limn.Bks.(Brog 2.1)88 : Let hit be but mylke-warme, whenne thou doyste in thy madere.
4.
(a) Of a person, a part of the body: free of chill, enjoying a comfortable sensation of warmth; ~ abouten the maue, fig. well fed, replete;
(b) of a living person, part of the living body, an image in the form of a human being: warm to the touch, imbued with the warmth of life; also, amorously warm, warm with passion; physiol. of blood, a bodily organ, etc.: imbued with a certain metabolic heat;
(c) of expelled breath, shed blood, tears: warm from the living creature; of a corpse, a freshly severed head: retaining bodily heat, still warm;
(d) of an object: having a warmth communicated by contact with a living body or with freshly shed blood.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)73/136 : He shal…ben imad ful warm Aboute þe mawe.
- a1400 Ancr.(Pep 2498)183/21 : Kepeþ ȝou warme in wynter.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)23090 : Wiþ cloþing ȝe made me warm.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)36/21 : Of þair claþing spekis sain Benet…and sais þat…In caald cuntre es nede of warmer hend.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)244/34 : That sonne is neuere dyuydid, and ȝit to al þe world and to ony creature þat wil be maad warm by hym it ȝeueþ liȝt.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)2530 : Welcome mot thou bee, Yf thow thynkyst…Bot to syt and make the warme.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)116/135 : Nowe slepis my sone…And lyes full warme þer bestis by-twene.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)388 : Marryde I was for colde, but now am I warme.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.422 : The colde ymage he [Pygmalion] fieleth warm…and full of lif.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.679 : He fond hem bothe tuo abedde Al warm, echon with other naked.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1827 : I hym wrye a nyght and make hym warm And on hym leye my leg outher myn arm.
- a1425(c1300) NHom.(1) Abbess (Cmb Gg.5.31)p.168 : Our Lady tuk this chylde all warme And layd it in a aungell arm.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)189/1614 : Spirituals are hat & warm of kynd & þe matrice cald of kynd.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)443/1484,1487-8 : Þe knave chyld…lyes in þe warmer place of þe matrice þan þe femel And becaus…of gud, hete, warme blud wyrkand in þe matrice, hat, warm vapour styes up about in hyre to þe lyvere…& to oþer…partys of hyre.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)444/1509 : Þe partes of þe masculyn body [are] mare warm in kynd.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)491 : The blood was fled…Doun to hys herte, to make hym warme.
- a1500 Tundale (Adv 19.3.1)104 : They…sawe Tundale lye deed…But…þe lyfte syde of Tundale Was somwhat warm…Wherfor some helde hym not dede.
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.314 : The child lay bathende in hire blod…And for the blod was hot and warm, He basketh him aboute thrinne.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9106 : Noþer body ne þe arme Bledde neuer blode colde ne warme.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.36 : Þe blode was boþe warme & fresh, þat of þe schankes lete.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)7.170 : Ne hadde þi fisician ferst defendite him watir…Þei hadde be ded be þis day & doluen al warm.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.187 : Charite…wil…with warme [vr. warne; C vr. wharme] water at his eyghen wasshen hem after.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)116/131 : Þei are full fayne with þare warme breth…to warm hym.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)208 : The emperour…smot atwo hys swere, And also warm…drew þat hedde…Into þe lady barm, And seyde, ‘Pley þe wyth þat ball.’
d
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2056 : Þemperour…busked…to hire bed, bud noþing…fond…but hire cloþes warme.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)914 : His swerd she tok…That warm was of hire loves blod, and hot.
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)857 : Þe scheperde keppid his staf ful warme, And happid it euer vndir his harme.
- a1500 Bod.EMisc.Lapid.(BodEMisc e.558)25/87 : Iasper…is goode of vertu to hym that bereth hire warme.
5.
Fig.
(a) Of a person, someone’s heart: excited to love, ardent; leuk ~ [see leuk-warm adj. (b)];
(b) of counsel: zealous; of youth: energetic, hot-blooded, eager;
(c) sitten ~, to be secure, prosperous, or in comfortable circumstances.
Associated quotations
a
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.698 : Now was hire herte warm, now was it cold.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)324/21 : I made hym warm by þe fier of charite.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)324/24 : Wheþir þis myȝte not make warm þe coold herte of mankynde…Ȝit may it, if he wil forsake þe loue of hymsilf and loue me.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4135 : Yong conseil, which is to warm, Er men be war doth ofte harm.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.28 : After warme youthe cometh age coolde.
c
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1630 : Be naught to rakel, theigh thow sitte warme.
- c1450 How GMan(2) (Lamb 853)114 : If þou be weel at eese, And warme amonge þi neiȝboris sitte, Be not newfangil in no wisce.
6.
As surname and in place names [see Smith PNElem. 2.248].
Associated quotations
- (a1194) in Ekwall PNLan.90 : Warineden.
- (1219) EPNSoc.9 (Dev.)472 : Warmehull.
- (1262) EPNSoc.8 (Dev.)79 : Warmelegh.
- (1279) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames371 : Henry Warme.
- (a1300) EPNSoc.8 (Dev.)295 : Wermecumbe.
- (1303) in Fägersten PNDor.147 : Wermwolle.
- (1333) EPNSoc.9 (Dev.)472 : Wormahull.
- (a1400) EPNSoc.52 (Dor.)170 : Wearmwlle.
- (1412) EPNSoc.52 (Dor.)170 : Warwell.
- (1474) EPNSoc.8 (Dev.)295 : Warmecombe.