Middle English Dictionary Entry
walken v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | walken v.(1) Also walk(e, wauke, wake, wakken, (N) walc, (SW) wolchi; sg.3 walketh, etc. & walketz, (SW) wolchethe; pl. walken, etc. & wolken; ppl. walking(e, etc. & walkonde, (early) walconde; p. walked(e, etc. & valkit, (SW) wolched(e & welk(e, wilke, walk(e, (N & early) welc, (early) weolc; pl. walkeden, etc. & welk(e(n, (N) welc, (early SWM) weolken; ppl. i)walked, (SW) walkude & walke, (early) iwalke(n. |
Etymology | OE wealcan, p. wēolc, ppl. -wealcen (as in gewealcen, p.ppl. of gewealcan) & wealcian, p.pl. wealcedan, ppl. -walcuden (as in gewalcuden, p.ppl. of gewealcian); cp. OI vā̆lka, volka. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
To roll, toss, toss about; also in fig. context; also, well up; also, fig. roll (sth.) in the mind, consider [1st quot.]; ~ abouten; ~ after, surge forward.
Associated quotations
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)46/28 : Sum man wæs mid drycræfte bepæht, swa þæt he Criste wiðsoc…He þa eft syððen hine beðohte, & þa healice pinunge on his mode weolc.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)240 : Ho secheð reste þer nis nan for-þi ne muȝen hi es finden, Ac walkeð [Eg(1): walked] weri up and dun, se water deþ mid winde.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)143 : Hali boc nemmeð þes woreld sæ, for þan þe mistliche gelimpeð, hwile of wele and wile of wawe, walkeð þar-onne, alse doð þe uðe in þar sæ.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)62/12 : [D]eaþ mid his pricke pineþ þene licame; he walkeþ and wendeþ and woneþ…he sæiþ on his bedde, ‘wo me þet ic libbe.’
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6007 : Sellic heom þuhten…whæt weoren þa ȝemere scipen þa ȝeond þa sæ weolken [Otho: walkede].
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)5990 : Þe see was wonderlichche wod and þe see wraþþede and þe see [Clg: scipen] walkede in þare see wilde.
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)411 : A gret fisch huy seiȝen…after þe schipe he drouȝ…he cam wolchi [Jul: wolcheþe; Ashm: wolched; Corp-C: wolchede] after ase an hous.
- c1390(c1350) NHom.(2) PSanct.(Vrn)302/310 : Off a fisch þat euere slepeth: Þer is a ffisch, wiþ-oute lesynge, þat in þe see is walkynge.
- c1400 *PPl.C (Trin-C R.3.14)[22.379] f.67b : Þanne walkide [Hnt HM 137: wellede] water fro wykkide werkis Egreliche ernynge out of menis eiȝen.
- c1400 PPl.B (Trin-C B.15.17)8.40 : The goodes…arn like þe grete wawes That as wyndes and wedres walkeþ aboute.
- c1410 Chaucer CT.Mil.(Hrl 7334)A.3616 : Him þenkeþ verrayly þat he may se Noes flood come walkyng [Heng: walwyng] as þe see.
2a.
(a) To wander; travel, journey; also fig.;—also refl.; ~ abouten;
(b) ppl. walkinge as adj.: traveling, wandering; also, given to roaming about [1st quot.];
(c) to traverse (a forest, land, etc.), travel through; also, travel (a road);
(d) ~ a dai journei, to go on a day’s journey; ~ pilgrimage, wander;
(e) in generalizing expressions: in everi place wher ich walke, wher-so (wher that ever) ich walke, wherever I go; wher-so thou walkest, wher ye walken, wherever you go; wher that thou walke wake or slepe, wherever you are; whether we sitten walken or stonden, whatever we do;
(f) ppl. walked, used for forwalked ppl., in elliptical phrase: forwandred and walked, weary with wandering and walking.
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1200 Aelfric Gloss.(Corp-C 303)263/42 : Woriend: walconde.
- a1275 *St.Marg.(2) (Trin-C B.14.39)195 : Muchel ic abbe iwalken bi water ant bi londe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)58 : Heuede Eneas þe duc mid his driht-folcke widen iwalken ȝend þat wide water, moni lond umbe-rowen.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)55/953 : I seche…Horn of Westernesse…Ihc habbe walke wide Bi þe se side.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)331/268 : Alle myne freond and al mi guod Ich bi-lefte me bi-hynde, And habbe here i-walke in onkovþe londe, ȝif ich heom miȝte i-fynde.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3882 : Long weige and costful he ðor fond…Ðe desert aren he walkeden ðurg, Til dat he comen to munt hor.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.416 : Gij as pilgrim ȝede; He welke about wiþ glad chere Þurch mani londes fer & nere.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2416 : Eche wiȝh wol more aweite after þe white beres þan þei wol after any wiȝt þat walkeþ icloþed.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1862 : Oure sexteyn and oure fermerer…han been trewe freres fifty yeer; They may now…Maken hir iubilee and walke allone.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21685 : Þe nedders þat war fell þe folk stanged of israel, Quen þai welk [Phys-E: welc] in þe wildernes.
- a1400 Cursor (Phys-E)19737 : Paul him welc forþe here and tare, And spellid faste wiþoutin spare, Ande faste disputid wiþ þe griues.
- c1400 PPl.C (Cmb Dd 3.13)18.283 : Walke [Hnt HM 137: Eueriche busshope…sholde buxumliche wende…þorgh hus prouynce, and to hus peple hym shewe].
- c1400 Hiȝt is a (Cmb Ii.3.8)p.69 : Hiȝt [soul] is a massage and walkez nouth.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)778 : He walketz al aboute; He sowith þe seed whech Crist broutȝ fro heuene.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)151/12 : Þus schall ye make yow a rode so perfet & fete þat ȝe may walke þer-with and þer schall no man wyt wer a-bowt ye go.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)135a : To Walke: vagari.
- a1500 Let.Alex.(Wor F.172)173 : Al the nyght we walked with thurst and charge of armure and harneys evynmade.
b
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)307/30 : Heo ne mihte wel reste in hous, heo was so walkynge and so fous.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)17478 : In þat tyme out of Inde Of walkynge men were comen þre.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)4 : Scrippe and burdoun…is thing wel sittinge to eche walkinge pilgrime.
c
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Ezek.39.15 : After seuen monethis thei shuln bygynne for to seeke, and shuln cumpas walkynge the lond.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3155 : He welk þat fell ner dais thre.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)519 : Þere sall borne be a barne of þi blithe lady…Þe quilke sall walke all þe werd & wyn it him selfe.
- c1475 Bk.Physiog.(Cmb Ll.4.14)221 : Mercurie makyth men to speke welle…lyth and meuable, walkynge dyverse kyngdomys.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)799 : Wen I com lat to þe cyte, I walke all lanys and weys to myn affynyte.
- a1500 Let.Alex.(Wor F.172)450 : Al the woode I bigan to walke, that withyn a wall that was nat of grete edifieng wrought.
d
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)167b/a : It is of a stable leche for to stande in certaine þinges & approued, & of a vaueryng soule or wille for to walke pilgrimage by many þinges.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)348/261 : With lucas and with cleophas he [Christ] welke a day Iurnee.
e
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2094 : As I mai hiere talke In every place where I walke…it is manye daies gon That I ferst herde telle this.
- c1440(a1400) Eglam.(Thrn)619 : Whare so þou walkes on watir or land, Whills it es appon thyn hande Þou sall neuir be slayne.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)34 : I ne myȝt noþing…bihold…for briȝtnes of þe sonne Til…certein skyes…haue her cours Iwent…So þat I myȝt…Where so I walk, biholden me aboute.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2667 : Penyman is mekyl in mynde…Where þat euere I walke or wende, In wele and woo he wyl me haue.
- ?a1425 My dere sone wher (Lamb 491)62 : A ‘grete’ hert, whan ȝe hym se, so shal ȝ[e] hym calle…My childrin, wher ȝe walk, calle ȝe hem so.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)51/263 : Lord…saue us all, wher so we be, whethyr we syttyn, walk, or stonde.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)53/50 : The comaundement of þi lord god, man, loke þou kepe where þat þou walk, wake, or slepe.
f
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)110/250 : I am full werie…For-wandered and walked in þis forest.
2b.
To proceed, go; depart; also fig.; ~ forth; gon ~; ~ wei, ~ wei (weies) forth, etc., set out, go forth; go away.
Associated quotations
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22063 : An angel…him [devil] sperd fast…to be laisd at þe last Quen þat thusand yeir war past, To walk his forth [Göt: walk his wai; Phys-E: walc his waiis forþe] fra þat quile.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)21.32 : Lyf…haþ leyde hus lyf to wedde, Þat for al þat deþ can do with-Inne þre dayes, To walke and fecche fro þe feonde peers frut þe plouhman.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.28.2 : Go thou, and walke forth in to Mesopotanye of Sirie, to the hows of Batuel, fadir of thi modir, and take to thee of thennus a wijf of the douȝtris of Laban, thin vncle.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)3.672 : Feith is not prouable…lete argumentys walke, þei arn not to oure behoue.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)44/47 : I must go walkyn ffor I haue nede; I come a-ȝen with-inne a tyde.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)53/48 : Ȝour byddyng, lord, all wrought xal be; ȝour wyll to werk I walk my way.
- a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Antichr.(Pen 399)506/450 : My cursse I gyve you, to mend your melys…Walke ye furthe youre way.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)12/106 : Leif brother, let vs be walkand; I wold oure tend were profyrd.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)233 : Presbiter:…Yt ys tyme to go to cherche…Aristorius: Sir Isydor, I praye yow wallke at yowr wyll…And syt com agen.
3a.
(a) To go on foot, walk; also fig. and in fig. context;—also refl.; of a snake: move about under its own power; ~ on fot; comen (gon, yede) walkinge; ben (ben gon) walked; ~ on fot and on honde, go about on all fours [quot. a1425 By a forest];
(b) to go at a walking pace on foot or on horseback;
(c) to pace; pace nervously; also, pace (a room) [1st quot.]; ~ to and fro (up and doun).
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)115 : An wirm…walkeð to ðe water ward, wile ðanne drinken.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)505 : Elpes arn in Inde riche…Hu he resteð him, ðis der, ðanne he walkeð wide, herkne wu it telleð her.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2518 : Meliors was so wery þat sche ne walk miȝt.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Dan.3.24 : Sydrac, Mysac, and Abdenago…walkiden in mydil of the flawme, heryinge God.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.14.25 : Jhesus…came to hem walkynge aboue the see.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2368 : Arcite vnto the temple walked [vr. ywalked] is Of fierse Mars, to doon his sacrifise.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)6.1 : Now riden þis folk & walken on fote to seche þat seint in selcouþe londis.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.758 : Wher thei go walkende on the Stronde, A blind man…Unto this wif criende he bad.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1778 : His felawe was go walked into toun.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1930 : Me thynketh they been lyk Iouynyan, Fat as a whale and walkyng as a swan, Al vynolent as botel in the spence.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3353 : Ysaac…yode þar walkand be þe strete.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7530 : Dauid…tok bot a staf and a sling þat he was wont to bere in hand, Abute his flock o scep walcand [Trin-C: walkonde].
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.210 : Þe riche hath moche to rekene and riȝte softe walketh, Þe heigh waye to-heuene-ward oft ricchesse letteth.
- c1400 Aelred Inst.(1) (Vrn)45/788 : Walke forþ in-to þat faire large halle…adiȝt for Cristes soper a Schereþursday.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1222 : So was he…feble, that he walketh by potente.
- a1425 By a forest (Bod 596)158 : There he lyued with erbe & rote, Walkyng euer on foot & on honde.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)762 : Hym dremyd of a dragon…Come dryfande ouer þe depe…Ewen walkande owte of the weste landez.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)247 : As I walk & biheld…þer knelid a ladi in my syȝt.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4190 : Thre wees in a wraa welk þaim allane.
- (c1450-54) Paston (EETS)1.152 : Nous petrons, vous courres, ils saylent: we walk, ȝe renne, they lepe.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)55a/b : It were good þat he walkide on hise feet and bar his arme y-bounden to his necke.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)46/7 : Wasche þe lege…þer þe sore ys…and let hym noȝt walke tylle hit be hol.
b
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)57/24 : Kniȝtes…ouȝte…to…kepe wel her ordre of goyng and rydinge, þe whiche may neuere wel be done but ȝif they haue…lerned now to renne swiftliche and now to walke euene paas.
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1575 : Þe halle in soth sche walkyth vp and down.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2722 : I hir leue compleynyng in her wo, With many a thouȝt, walkynge to and fro.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5143 : Like a tigre…Þat wer deprived newly of his praye, Riȝt so firde he…Furiously walkynge vp and doun.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)421/10 : Mi witte is waste nowe in wede, I walowe, I walke, nowe woo is me.
- 1530(c1450) Mirror Our Lady (Fawkes)62 : They that…say theyr seruyce…knelynge or…stondynge…are excused, But for to say yt…walkynge vp and downe…were a token…of lytel reuerence to god.
3b.
(a) To walk for the purpose of recreation, exercise, or solitude, take a walk, stroll; ~ to and fro (up and doun); ben walked;
(b) to walk for the purpose of hunting; also, walk through (a forest) for the purpose of hunting [last quot.]; ~ in-to, fig. look into (a matter), pursue;
(c) to process through a town as part of a civic observance;
(d) to go about for the purpose of collecting money from the members of a guild.
Associated quotations
a
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)777 : William…wold…walke, and go into þe gardyn his greves for to slake.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1280 : Daun Iohn…in the gardyn walketh [vr. wakkeþ] to and fro.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1235 : In a forest faste he welk to wepe For love of here that hym these peynes wroughte.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)979 : A fole walkyd in þis towne Al day wiþ childern vp and downe.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)1888 : Good hert take vnto þe! Men seyn, who-so of euery grace hath drede, Let hym beware to walk in any mede.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)204/7 : Aftyrward þat he haȝt dronkyn, late hym walkyn a lytyl or he caste.
- c1450 De CMulieribus (Add 10304)290 : She with Adam, hir husbonde, In Paradyse, a place full of plesaunce, Wylke vp and down.
- ?a1475 Banester Guiscardo (Add 12524)245 : Sismond with hyr gentill women to take the eyre Valkyt in a garding right plesand and feyre.
- ?a1475 Banester Guiscardo (Add 12524)516 : They send hyr fadder worde off hyr tribulacioune, Vhich that was walked on hys recreacioune.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)295 : Ancelmus…walkid after his soper in a faire greene.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2606 : On þe morwe many men hem souȝt in wodes and wildernesse…and as þei walked in wodes wiþ ful gode houndes, þei founde þe beres skinnes and þe bestes flayne.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)194,209 : When hir ȝong son ȝode, Scho bade hym walke in þe wodde…Thus he welke in þe lande, With hys darte in his hande…He wolde schote with his spere Bestes.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)15.2 : Firthere Into this Mater now let vs walk.
- a1500 Terms Assoc.(3) (Lamb 306)233 : A Cony sitteth, A Parker walketh, A Pertriche lieth, A Feysand stalketh.
- a1500 When nettuls (BodPoet e.1)p.269 : Whan whytynges do walke forestes to chase hertys…Than put women in trust and confydens.
c
- (1449) Rec.Norwich 2288 : It is ordeyned…that þt crafte in which þe Mayr…is inrolled shall ryde and walke next afore the Mayr at the tyme of his ridyng, and at all oþer rydynges and walkynges to the worshipp of the said crafte.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)1075 : This myhty prince [Albon]…Aftir custom vsid that tyme of olde, Amyd the Cite walkyng in his estat In a garnement freengid al with gold, Amphibalus…Besouht hym lowly graunte hym herbergage.
d
- (a1430) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.125180 : A man of the a crafte and a man of the tother crafte suld walke to gyder yerely, and gedyr uppe thair pageant sylver of men of bathe craftes.
4.
(a) Of a rider: to ride; of a cart: advance, move; comen ~;
(b) of a spirit of the dead: to move about on earth; ~ abouten (to and fro).
Associated quotations
a
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)13.86 : Aftyr theke Rowte Cam A seriaunt walke, Faste preking vppon A destrere.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)228/21 : Sir Gawayne…was…ware of a man armed walkynge a paase by a woodis ease…and he on a stronge horse rydys withoute man wyth hym.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)671/11 : ij cartis…they had every day walkyng to busshyng in his wode of Shottore.
b
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2067 : I preye…that my spirit by nyghte mote go After my deth, and walke [vr. wake] to and fro.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.171 : How is it þat sprytis walkyn so aboutyn whan men ben dede?
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)408 : All the chambres were take vp, safe oon, in the which was a sperite walkyng.
5.
(a) To be in motion; also [last quot.], pursue motion along (a course);—used in fig. context;
(b) of a pathological condition: to move about on or within the body; ppl. walkinge, moving about; also, of an ulcer: ?creeping or serpiginous.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)22/21 : Þe mone & te steorren, þe walkeð bi þe lufte, ne stutteð ne ne studegið, ah sturieð aa mare.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Bar.6.61 : Cloudis, to whiche when it shal be comaundid of God for to walke thorou al the world, don what thing is comaundid to hem.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)115b/a : Þe mone…bycause of schortnesse of hire cours…passiþ and walkiþ now vndir þe sonne, now bihinde & aftir þe sonne.
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)55 : Mars shal entre…Into hir nexte paleys, and ther abyde, Walkynge hys cours, til she had him atake.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)93a/b : If þe fumosite oþir wind is…resolued of ventosite alone, þan it hatte dolor deambulatiuus, ‘wandringe & walkinge’.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)79/13 : A walkynge vlcus is þat walkiþ hidirward & þidirward, & neþeles he profoundiþ nouȝt depe into þe ground.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)287/10 : If it [ulcer] go here and þere, nouȝt in makyng mykel depe in þe fleische, it is cleped ambulatiuum, i. walkyng or remouynge.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)289/25 : If his malice walkeþ, it passeþ to the estiomene and to þe deth of þe man.
- a1475 Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)202/10 : Þe greuaunce of ylion is lower: eiþirwhilis bifore, eiþirwhilis bihinde…And it walkiþ from o place to anoþir.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)106a/a : Vlcus ambulatiuum…is to seie an vlcus þat walkiþ or crepiþ fro place to place, hidir & þidir, but neþeles he corrodiþ not depe.
- a1500 Diseases Women(3) (Yale-M 47)39/213 : Þis swellynge comes sodenly, þat oþer doþe not so…þis walkeþe from place to place, þat oþer doþe not so.
6.
Of a period of time: to elapse.
Associated quotations
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)568 : Ðor-buten noe, long swing he dreg; An hundred winter, euerilc del, Welken or it was ended wel.
7.
(a) To be abroad, go about outdoors; also, be active; ~ abouten;
(b) ~ at large (liberte), to go about freely or widely; be able to move about with ease or freedom; also fig.;
(c) to be well-known, be the center of public attention, circulate; also, circulate through (a land) [quot. a1425]; ~ wide; ~ in moneie, of coined silver: circulate;
(d) fig. of treason, sorrow, prosperity, etc.: to be abroad, be at work, be rife; also, be at work (in a certain direction), work (toward a certain result) [quot. a1464]; ~ wide (in lond, etc.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1747 : To heiȝ us hastily henne ich hope be þe best, evenly þis evenwhile, or men to mochel walk.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.881 : Nadde they but a shete Which that they myghte wrappe hem in a nyght And a brat to walke in by day light, They wolde hem selle and spenden on this craft.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1957 : Outlawes & thefes welke in þat lande.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)990 : Maydens walken…here With arwes and with bowe.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)17286 : Þe asked wher scho was o way and why sho welke solace [read: so late] allon.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)7 : If þei goo on fote, þei walk with speres.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.145 : In therknesse begynnyn bestys of raueyne to walkyn and sekyn here pray and here mete.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)7568 : A man in pees may siker slepe, And if pees ne were, it were grete doute To loue or owhere to walke aboute.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10436 : Of his ȝouþe he makeþ roos, Hou stalworþe he was and white And hou bolde to walke anight.
b
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1283 : Thou walkest now in Thebes at thy large…Thou art at thy large, of prisoun free.
- (1414) RParl.4.57a : We beseche ȝow…that ȝe wole praye to oure liege Lord the Kyng, that he wole fouchesaf…to graunte me…to walken at large, to pursue these materes…notwithstondynge the Statut made upon bonde bore men, which was holy persued aȝeyns me…whan I was remitted to the Prison of Flete.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5743 : Bachus…Whos licour…Lothneth [read: Losnyth] tongis…And causeth hem to walke at liberte, And to discure þing þat was secre.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)140/14 : Kepe wel þe ordenaunce of þese side helperes and loke þey walke at large; for wiþ hem þou maist boþe stoppe þe breches and gappes of þy scheltroms & assayle þe wynges of þin enemyes.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)523 : My wil is to walke more at large Forto fynde sum freeke þat of feith were.
c
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1521 : Your worde & your worchip walkez ay-quere.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)28/29 : Þe word of him walkes ful wide.
- a1425 NHom.(3) Leg.Suppl.Hrl.(Hrl 4196)35/43 : Þe word of him welk al þe land.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)357/60 : We shal…sle tho disciplis that walkyn so wyde.
- a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Antichr.(Pen 399)501/282 : Wythe this champion we most chyde that nowe in worlde walkys wyde, to disspreve his pompe and pryde.
- a1500 Salamon sat (Cmb Gg.1.32)2 : Salamon sat & sayde many soth sawys, wordis þat walkys wyde by wyndowes & by wawys.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)33/98 : Whiche of hem al in tyme of thyne exile ever thee refresshed, by the valewe of the leste coyned plate that walketh in money?
d
- a1350 Ich herdemen (Hrl 2253)23 : Þus wil walkeþ in lond, & lawe is forlore.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.169 : Þese men…beeþ i-woned to haue the victorie and þe maistrie in euerich fiȝt wher no treson is walkynge.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2992 : Þe eldyst, men kalle pryde; She was þe fyrst þat walkyd wyde.
- c1400 Why werre (Peterh 104)101/450 : For þe mych Falsenes þat walkeþ in lond, God Almyȝty of Heuen haþ bound us with his bond.
- c1400 Wycl.LAChurch (Dub 244)p.xxiv : Foure tribulaciouns…ben a nyȝtly drede, an arwe fleynge in day, chaffare walkynge in derkenessis, & myddais deuylrie.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4272 : I have pite to sene the sorwe That walketh bothe eve and morwe.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)204 : Þou hase done ill; I rede þou mende it with skill, For wathes walkes wyde.
- (1458) Visit Hen.VI (Vsp B.16)29 : Awake, welth, & walke in this region.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)226/2 : Now se I weel whidir þi malice walkith; Thou, renegate and apostata of þin ordyr, woldist put þe Cherch al vndirfote.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)2.138 : Ȝe…knewe not þe caris ne cursis þat walkyd.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Spencer 19)1.2.5a : Þe Souereyn Kyng…ȝaf me…license…to engendre…fygures to my resemblaunce…as enuye, treson, and suche other with al þe generacion of al þis vices olde þat wolken in þe world in my name.
8.
(a) To live; be on earth;—also refl.; also, exist [quot. c1390]; ~ here (in erthe, in this world, etc.);
(b) of resurrected dead: to live, be alive;
(c) to be present, be in a certain place;
(d) to have an abode (in the forest, with wild animals, in heaven, etc.), dwell; also in fig. context;
(e) ~ amonges (with), to be with (sb.), keep company with; also, fig. be comfortable with (spiritual matters);
(f) ppl. walkinge teeming;
(g) with selected phrases indicating a state in which one lives: ~ as…as, to be as (fresh) as (a flower); ~ in, be in a state of (well-being, insanity, etc.); ~ with, have (an emotion, a heavy heart); hevi ~ over lond, sad, unhappy.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)49/423 : He [God] schrudde & hudde him…mid ure fleschliche schrud…ant weolc [Tit: welc], hwil his wil wes, bimong worldliche men.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.530 : The apostle wepyng seith ful pitously, ‘Ther walken manye of whiche yow toold haue I.’
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)711 : Jesus hym welke in areþede.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Nativ.(Hrl 4196)p.299 : He welk and preched omang þe Jews.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6548 : Crist ne his apostlis dere While that they walkide in erthe heere Were neuer seen herbred beggyng.
- a1425 NHom.(3) Leg.Suppl.Hrl.(Hrl 4196)18/121 : God…welk in þis werld here.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)824 : Whyl he walkyth in worldly wolde, I, Bakbyter, am wyth hym holde.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)146/9 : Oure Lord…walked here bodely, here in erthe.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)53/4 : We shul walk, þat is, we shul lyue, in þe Joye of þe, wich is þe light of þi blissid face.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)44/15 : Amonges all chylderyn þat walkyn on wolde A louelyer chylde is non trewly.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)1947 : Goddis sone…shal walke þe peple bitwene.
b
- c1390 Talking LGod (Vrn)52/17 : Nou rysen vp þe dede, In witnesse of þi godhede, & walken in Ierusalem.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17800 : For summen…Es risen up…yee sal find þair tumbs tome; In mi cite of aramathi, þar ar þai walkand witerli.
c
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)63/1088 : He lokede in eche halke; Ne seȝ he nowhar walke Aþulf his felawe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2427 : William…waited out of þe cave, and bihuld ful busili…ȝif eny wiȝt were walkende, but he non seie.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.784 : Fy, feendlich spirit, for I dar wel telle, Thogh thow heere walke, thy spirit is in helle.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)673 : We walke not heer noon harm for to do.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)157/26 : Ȝif þou mowe here…þat þyn enemyes aspye is in þyn oost walkynge, comaunde þat euerich man be wiþynne his owne loggynge by liȝt of day.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)1144 : Sum of þo segges [lawyers] wolle siche side-wayes; Whenne þay witen wel y-now where þe hare walketh, Thay leden men þe long waye.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9)31 : Þer walkes in my way A well grim gryse; He is a balefulle bare.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)278/8 : Þe chyrch ys…ordeynet þat cryston pepull schull come togedyr…forto worschyp hor God…Then ys God fayn of hom…and walketh among hom.
d
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3363 : He loste his dignytee And lyk a beest hym semed for to be…with wilde beestes walked he.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1674 : Þou…on mor most abide, And in wasturne walk, and wyth þe wylde dowelle.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)399 : Now blysse, burne, mot þe bytyde…And welcum here to walk and byde.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)672 : He moste needes walke in woode þat may not walke in towne.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)4734 : Þys feste day…Were offred…þre þousand hyndes, Wylde walkande by wode lyndes.
- a1450 Castle Love(1) (BodAdd B.107)1664 : Then shull þe blessed byn receyued an hyȝhe, In heuyn to walke Jhesu nyȝh.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)4.119 : Er he deyed oute of this stryf, he stank on erthe as euere dede carayn—lete hym goo walke on sarysbury playn.
- ?a1475 LDirige(2) (Dc 322)329 : I walke in a lake Of dedly synne.
e
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.2087 : Be no felawe to an irous man, Ne with no wood man walke by the weye.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)19/2 : Saint Thomas…welk in werld here with Jhesu.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)23/31 : Þoow þi bodi fele bondache, þi souȝl may perse heuene & haue contemplacion of heuene delices; Þe myghtes of þi souȝle may walke a mong þe ierarchies.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)3711 : Ȝowthe of hym-self, & heygyng of other children also, Maden hym to forȝete his sweuene & go to seyȝe hem play…Bot when he hadde a while walkude þus Among þe children & seyȝe hem play, A grete ache in to his hede y-comen ys.
f
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)32.24 : Vppon the ton side A wylde forest Walkyng wel ful of Raveynous beste; the tothyr was the Open see.
g
- a1300 Foweles (Dc 139)4 : Mulch sorw I walke with.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.448 : If I wolde selle my bele chose, I koude walke as fressh as is a rose.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)755 : Adam ȝode walkand [Frf: walcande] in þat welth þat halden was in micul elth.
- a1425 Shrewsbury Frag.(Shrw 6)6/54 : Went he is, and we ne wot how…With wo now walk we, wil of red.
- a1450 Chaucer Anel.(Tan 346)326 : In this worlde ther nis no creature walkeynge in more descomforture Then I…For if I slepe…Then thynketh me that youre figure Before me stant.
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)103 : Ful hevy was he to walken over lond; He may not holde with Venus companye, But bad her fleen lest Phebus her espye.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)46/97 : With evy hert I walke and wende, my childys deth now for to be.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)502 : In woodnesse I gynne to wake; I renne, I lepe ouer þis lond.
9.
(a) To pass (from one state to another), go; also, become (mad);
(b) ~ to armes, to take to arms; ~ in-to (to) werre, go to war.
Associated quotations
a
- a1350 My deþ (Hrl 2253)6 : Sorewe ant syke ant drery mod byndeþ me so faste þat y wene to walke wod.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)285/17 : Þei walke fro yuel to worse, and myche myscheef falleth among hem for kepyng of propirte.
b
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)17178 : Kyng Clariown…let stuffen the cites…with…vytaylle…and…men of armes…And…ech man to armes than he walke.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)211 : Wretthe, þis wrecche, wyth me schal wawe, Enuye into werre wyth me schal walkyn wyth.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1900 : I here trumpys trebelen al of tene; Þe worþi Werld walkyth to werre For to clyuyn ȝone castel clene.
10.
In uses pertaining to the conduct of one’s life, usu. with fig. allusion to the physical act of walking:
(a) to behave, act, or live in a certain manner; also, live in accordance with (God’s will) [quot. a1325];
(b) to persist or struggle (on a difficult course of life); also, persist along or endure (a difficult course of life);
(c) in metaphors of light and darkness as symbolic of good and evil or of enlightenment and ignorance: to conduct one’s life;
(d) ~ with god (jesu, etc.), to lead a godly life.
Associated quotations
a
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)147 : Walke…mildelike among men.
- a1350 God þat al þis myhtes (Hrl 2253)43 : Þy wille ne welk y ner afote, to wickede werkes y me chees.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Mac.10.38 : Walke thei in her lawis, as the kyng comaundide in the lond of Juda.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Eph.5.1 : Walke ȝe in loue, as and Crist louede vs.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Thes.4.1 : As ȝe han resceyued of vs how it bihoueth ȝou for to go and plese to God, so and walke ȝe, that ȝe habounde more.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)1 Pet.4.3 : Hethen men…walkiden in leccheries.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.78 : Axeth of olde pathes, that is to seyn of olde sentences, which is the goode wey, and walketh in that wey and ye shal fynde refresshynge for youre soules.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gal.5.16 : Walke ȝe in spirit, and ȝe schulen not performe the desiris of the fleisch.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)235/33 : Þei walken as wode men, and depriuen hemsilf fro þe good of charite and of heuenly vertues.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)121/9 : Yif þou wilt þat vertu encrese, adde þerto mo vertues and walke forth right; stonde neuer stille, turne neuer bakward ayen, go not oute of þe way.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)120/364 : Þere were…þes galantes…walking alway in þe dawnger of þe deville, not takinge example þat God sendith amonge þem.
b
- a1200(?OE) Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)147 : Seint iame…and oðre holie apostles…ȝeden…fro wureld wele to lichamliche wowe…and on þis reuliche wei hie weren walkinde forte þat hie comen to þe lichamliche deaðe.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Bar.4.26 : My delicatis, or nurshid in delicis, walkiden sharp weies; sotheli thei weren led as a floc rauyshide with enmyes.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)78/7 : Oure blissid lord…is with vs al þe dayes of oure lif in oure wayes þat we walke beyng wery for the gret labour of his passioun.
c
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 12.35 : Jhesu seith to hem, Ȝit a litil liȝt is in ȝou, walke ȝe, the while ȝe han liȝt, that derknessis catche not ȝou, and he that wandrith in derknessis, woot nere whidur he goth.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14196 : Qua walkes on nightertale, O dreching oft he findes duale.
- c1400 Apoc.(2) (Hrl 171)118/12 : Holi chirche schal nede of no preier…þe folk schal walke in her liȝt.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)419/33 : Wiþout þis liȝt I moste needis walke in derknes.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)375/53 : I, Ysaias…spake of folke in mirke walkand, And saide a light schulde on þame lende.
- c1450 Treat.Perf.(Add 37790)252/32 : The daye of grace, vnto vs spryngynge, causes vs to wauke in lyȝt and to sitte in the schadowe of god.
- c1450 Treat.Perf.(Add 37790)253/2 : Good men…wauke in the mydday, and with open and clere eyen the goodly sonne in his clerenesse thay beholde.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)244/342 : Whosoever walketh abowte in night, hee tresspasseth all agaynst the right.
d
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mic.6.8 : Y shal shewe to thee…for to loue mercy, and bysi for to walke with thi God.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)12060 : Þilke þat walkid wiþ him…And alle þat lyued on his lore…Þilke shal be in ioye for ay.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)807 : Oh Jhesu, Lord, full of goodnesse! With the wyll I walke with all my myght.
11.
To go about some business; ~ abouten (for, on), be busy (about sth.), be concerned.
Associated quotations
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)412 : He mad me his messagere To walke on his nedis [Cmb: walk on his ned].
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)580 : The sqwyare said, ‘Are ȝe wyse? Thynke þat ȝe are enemys, And late some wy þat es wysse Walke on ȝour nedis.’
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)84/38 : Þike folke þat han ben bysy erly and late to walke aboute worldely good, now schuld be bysy, alsoo, to vyset pore and seke.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)335 : Ye wott what I haue sayd, and how I shall walke for that we haue to doun.
12.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1276) Pat.R.Edw.I141 : Robert Walkefare.
- (1304) Close R.Edw.I147 : John Walkefar.
- (1332) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10295 : Willo de Walkeford.
- (1332) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10311 : Rico de Walkschelue.
- (1359) Reg.Edw.Blk.Pr.4.308 : Sir Thomas Walkefare.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)145/32 : Robert Walkfare.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 5.(b)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. walking ulcus.