Middle English Dictionary Entry
verifīen v.
Entry Info
Forms | verifīen v. Also verifi, ve(r)rifie, veriffie, verefi(e, verrefie, vereffie, (?error) varyfe; sg.3 verifieth, etc. & (WM) verefius; p. verifiede, verefid; ppl. verified(e, etc. & verifiȝed, ferified, virifiid. |
Etymology | OF verifiier, verifier, AF verrifier. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To assert (that sth. is the case, sth. is so), aver; also, affirm (a fact) formally or under oath, testify to the truth of; also, in parenthetical constructions: assert, testify [quots. a1420 & c1426];
(b) to provide confirmation or corroboration [quots. ?a1475 & last]; support (a story, generalization, book, etc.) with evidence or confirmatory detail, give credence to, corroborate; supply evidence for (a proposition), imply; also, ?strengthen or confirm (someone’s faith) [quot. a1500(a1415)];
(c) to prove (an opinion, a proposition) true, substantiate, demonstrate; also, ?reinforce (an element in a classification scheme) [quot. c1475(c1445)];
(d) to affirm the reality or genuineness of (sth.); authenticate (the relics of a saint); authoritatively state the truth of (sth.); ben verifiede, be or be shown to be real, really existent, or genuine, be established; also, of an angel [1st quot.]: ?be assured a particular state of blessedness, be secure; ?be confirmed as truthful.
Associated quotations
a
- (?1406) Hoccl.MR (Hnt HM 111)35 : Men seye…‘Prosperitee is blynd & see ne may’; And verifie I can wel it is so.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.335 : Grece is called Gret Ytaille, And the lasse, as bokys verrefye, Is named now the londe of Romanye.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)118/212 : Þe angelis…criud…‘what hast þou done?’ ‘In erþ,’ þe fyndis þem [?read: þen] verefyd, [he] ‘Dispisid Godis laus euerechon.’
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)85 : It is verefied þat a cristene man schal not do þe wille of god withouten leue of goddis enemye.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)638/9 : Þat she is a-redi to verifie.
- a1500 15c.Serm.Cycle(Hrl 2247:Powell)103/68 : Thus…I may conclude and verefy [vr. vereffye] þat in Cristes blessid birth gode werkis he [read: be] shewid plentevously.
b
- ?a1425 Chauliac(1) (NY 12:Wallner)2.158/7 : Þof al þe amphorisme be suspecte to G, neþerlez he verefieþ [vr. verifieþ] it.
- c1450 Metham Palm.(Gar 141)114/30 : Myn autoure put here gret conclusyonnys and resunnys conffermyng hys boke, to veryffye hys wrytyngys.
- (1463) Case King Council in Seld.Soc.35113b : John Walden and John Tate…say that they in noo wyse be gylty…All which matieres thay be redy to varyfe [?read: varyfie] by weys and meanes resonable.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)21173 : Thyn Answere mvt be verrefyed.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)114/171 : Þe childe is now to veryfye…As it was spoke be prophesye.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)9 : Yt may be seyde and veryfyede, mankynde was dere bought.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)152/33 : He stygh…vp wyth his wondis…fresshe…for fyve causes: the fyrst ys, forto verefy þe fayþ of his resurreccyon.
- c1500 Melusine (Roy 18.B.2)16/28 : I haue recounted vnto you this auenture…for to adiouste more of feyth, & for to veryfy thistory.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)446 : Thys may we know…For owr old bookys veryfy thus.
c
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1068 : Sooth it is that swich profred seruyse Stynketh…And that…I wol it verifie [vr. verefye] In this chanoun.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5585 : Iubiter grattest was of name…Among paynyms, as it is verefied, For þei…hym calle god of fire & eyr.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)53 : Neither of tho ij textis…serueth neither forto grounde neither forto verrifie the seid firste opinioun.
- (c1456) Pecock Faith (Trin-C B.14.45)175 : Ellis creaturis of God myȝten verrifie contradiccioun, and thilke power is not grauntid creaturis to have.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)80/22 : No vertu of goddis lawe can be assigned which is not euidentli and openly conteyned vndir oon of þe seide xxxj vertues…and so conteyned…þat þe name of þilk oon is uerified vpon þe oþire vertu assigned to be conteyned vndir it.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)707 : There arn but sex dedly synnys, lechery ys non, As yt may be verefyede be ws brethellys euerychon.
d
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)72/28 : Seraphin…is verified and hath possessioun.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)83/22 : Þei knewe not þe euerlastynge liif which was wiþynne hem…And þat verifiede my sooþfastnesse, þat is my sone, whanne he seyde…‘Þe kyngdom of God is withynne ȝou.’
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)45/976 : David…in þe sautere…verefyus in a uerse þe loue of our Lord.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)44/4 : Judas…for þo xxx pens he hadde xxx sythes goddys curs, as it is veryfyed in þe psalme.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)141.107 (v.2:p.397) : God hath mad so wurshipfull the precious bodyis of Petyr and Poule, and so uirifiyid hem that they han singuler placis deputyd to the wurshipe of hem.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)33/28 : High and verray goodnesse, clarete of intellect, and full perfeccion of lawe is verryfied in a kynge [Lambeth: are yn a kynge], whan he absteyneth hym fro his subgettes money.
2.
To bear out (an assertion, a principle, proverb, etc.), confirm by reality, realize; conform to (a generalization or description), exemplify; also, fulfill (a prophecy).
Associated quotations
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.213 : Now beeþ ferified [Higd.(2): verifiede of hit] þe vers þat Hidebertus…made…‘Rome, no þing is pere to þe Þeyȝ þou nygh all fallynge be.’
- (1395) Wycl.37 Concl.(Tit D.1)83 : The profecie of Crist…‘false profetis shulen rise, etc.,’ is verified of siche proude prestis.
- ?a1425 Chauliac(1) (NY 12:Wallner)3.151/4 : It be verefied þe lombard saying…‘þe hand wil haue þe breste And þe fote þe reste.’
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)154/22 : Generally þai trowe in Godd…and þus es þe prophecy verified þat saise…‘all þe endes of þe erthe schall drede him.’
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)82/4 : Dowtyr…it schal be verifyed in þe þe comown prouerbe…‘He is wel blyssed þat may sytten on hys wel-stool & tellyn of hys wo-stool.’
- (c1438) MKempe B (Add 61823)225/15 : It myth wel ben verifijd, he xal comyn hom in safte.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)312/34 : ‘Þer shall com a tym…’ seyþ þe prophete Daniel, þe wiche tyme may now be verified in euery astate in þis world.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)322/9 : Seth…she was euer trewe…me thenkeþ þat þise wordes may well be verified in hure þat is written, ‘In me omnis gracia.’
- ?a1475 Banester Guiscardo (Add 12524)561 : ‘Ane hasty creature neuer wanteth woo’: Vpon the prince thys may be verifyed.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)316 : Þise habitis of þe newe ordris…verifyen iudis wordis, þat siche ben trees turned vpsodoun.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)8 : ‘Wat þu byndist…schal be boundoun…’: þerfor it be howfiþ to trowe þat þis feiþ is verifiȝed of him [the Pope].
- c1475 To have in mynde (Antq 101)45 : Scripture saith: ‘heritage holdyn wrongfully Schal never cheve…’As hath be verified late ful playne.
- a1500 With fauoure (Ryl Lat 395)17 : Þan I sobbid, Veryfying þe wordis she seid to me, ‘Who cannot wepe may lerne at þee.’
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)7/71 : Your mercy…passeth right: God graunt that proposicion to be verifyed in me.
3.
(a) To discover, learn, or investigate (the truth);
(b) ben wel verified, ?to be well informed (about sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3537 : Of lygurgus ȝe gete no more of me, But the trouth ȝif ȝe lyst verryfie, Rede of goddes the Genologye…Mad by Bochas.
b
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)171/1190 : For to be wele verrefyed in þis forsaid reweles & in all þe termes, undyrstand þat spirituale malum is seknes…of þe spirituall membris.