Middle English Dictionary Entry
venimen v.
Entry Info
Forms | venimen v. Also venim(e, veneme(n, venom(e, venum; sg.3 venemeth, venims & vemons; p. venimed, etc. & feminede; ppl. venimed(e, etc. & ivenimed, venimpd, ivenemid, venomd, (error) vememet. |
Etymology | OF venimer; also cp. ME venim n. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. avenimen v., envenimen v., veninen v.
1.
(a) To harm or kill (sb.) by inflicting a venomous bite, sting, etc.; poison (sb., oneself, the heart); also [quot. a1500 Apoc.(2)], inject venom into someone by means of a sting;—used in fig. context; ppl. veniminge as adj.: inflicting a venomous bite or sting, poisonous;
(b) to render (sth.) poisonous; anoint (a weapon) with poison or a toxic substance; of a hawk: envenom (itself) by anointing its talons with a toxic substance; ppl. venimedej, poisonous, deadly; also, poisoned; also, toxic;
(c) to infect (the world) with pestilence, sicken, corrupt; ppl. venimede, of a wound: infected, festered.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1526 : Þe tong y bar oway, Þus venimed he me þan.
- a1350 SLeg.Patr.(Ashm 43)4 : Uol of wormes þt lond he fond…he nas Iuenymed [Jul: y uenemid] anon.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)429/25 : He þat is ivenymede feliþ so [vr. sore] ache aboute þe bowels and guttis.
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)980 : Who so were sik…Or venympd wiþ eny wikked beste, Þe ȝerdis he moste kis.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)68b/a : Veno: to venemen [Pep: veneno: to venum].
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)53/4 : Þe venom sall passe to þe hert & venom it & so haste a man to his endynge.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4842 : A straȝtill & a stithe worme…vemons in þe vaward valiant kniȝtis.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)1729 : Both feld, hows, and hall with taydes and froskes wer fyllyd; All was venomd with the vermyne that suld oght reche þer releue.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.129 : Childryn in ȝougthe welyn…oftentyme…etyn and drynkyn…mechil vnthryfty thyng and venymyn hemself.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)139/8 : Sodenly a gret dragon com out of þe erþe…and vememet [read: venemet] so þe pepull wyth hys breþyng.
- a1500 Apoc.(2) (Magd-C F.4.5)44/21 : Þo scorpyoun venyms sofftly þat mon feeles not & so dyes or he leest wene.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)776/8 : The venemus bestes þat veneme all folke are fendes.
- a1500 Macer (Sln 2527)85 : [Stockh: Leek…is goode for to distroie venym of naddre byting or of eny] venemyng [beest].
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Wisd.16.10 : Þi sones forsoþe nouþer þe teþ of dragownes ne of venemed þingis ouercamen.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.443 : Þat ȝere in an Ester day com to þe real citee…a swerdman wiþ a swerd i-venymed, i-sent…for to slee kyng Edwynus.
- a1400 Pep.Gosp.(Pep 2498)111/16 : Þeiȝ hij drunken venymed drynk, it schulde hem nouȝth greuen.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)58b/b : Scorpites…uenemed arowe.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)411/19 : Sodeyne deth…was wonte to come in some venymede medecyne.
- (1445) ?Bokenham Claudian CS (Add 11814)271/146 : Lechery…mysshapith som bodies More cruelly than circes herbis, which venemyd be with poysoun.
- a1450 Who þat liste loke (Stw 951)44/152 : Hercules…Of a venymed schert was foul deseyne, And brent hym self.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)145 : Wodebynde…helpiþ ayeins alle venemed bytynges.
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking in Studia Neoph.1617 : Be wel ware, when an hauke hath bathed, of venym that he taketh oute of his tayle with his beke, and anoynteth his cleys with and venemyth himself and sleethe.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)2911 : His armes all venymed bee.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)133a : To Venome…toxicare, inficere.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1948 : J femynede hem [swords] boþe…Jn feld our fon to fylle.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)183/4 : Dragons…fallyn downe ynto watyrs…and soo venemyth þe watyrs þat moch pepyll takyn her deth þerby.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)88/13 : Make stronge shot, and cast in piles venymed as gonne stones.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)p.121 : There was a well…Whiche they venomyd with poyson.
c
- ?a1425 Chauliac(1) (NY 12:Wallner)2.150/15 : Of þe cause of þis grete mortalitee many men douted, for in som partiez þai trowed þat the Iwez had venomed þe worlde.
- ?a1425 Chauliac(1) (NY 12:Wallner)3.22/17 : If forsoþ it [wound] be toxicate, i. venomed, be it procured as bityngz of venemous þingez.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)79/18 : Vitriol combuste…vputte vpon a venemyd wonde draweþ þe venym.
2.
Fig. (a) To wound the heart of (a lover) by introducing discomfiting feelings [1st quot.]; also, harm (sb.) spiritually by infusing sinfulness, malignant feelings, etc.; corrupt (sb., an institution, a nation, etc.) morally or spiritually, exert a malign influence on; also, act as a corrupting force or influence [last quot.];
(b) ppl. venimede, rendered spiritually or morally injurious, malignant.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1350 Guy(3) (Wales 572)228 : The ferst tim I s[a]y[e] thi bodi smal, Thu venymed me thar-wid-al; Thurgh that venym my hert his in bal, Neuer-mar ne des hit hal.
- c1400 Apoc.(2) (Hrl 1203)122/16 : Venymen [Hrl 171: Þei sorowiden not for her synnys, but bi ensaumple of yuel speche or of yuel deede þei enyuenymen and poysenen oþire].
- c1400 Wycl.Dominion (Dub 244)286 : Many clerkis, bi brekynge of þis lawe, ben cursid of god & venemyn cristendome.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)2842 : Al þe contrey Þat weoren of þe kyngis fey…saide wel er þat tyme Al Grece was of heom venymed.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)31/8 : Plesaunce of synne…venemeþ nat oonly oon or tweye, but alle þo þat cleueþ to hym.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)113/27 : Þei witen wel þat þei ben poysoned & venemyd, and ȝit wolen þei not resceyue no medicyn.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)3391 : Of venym…Venus pleynly took her name; For she venemyth…Al that doon to hir servise.
- a1456 Chaucer Anel.(Add 16165)299 : Shal I prey and venym [vr. venyme] wommanhed? Nay, raþer dye þan do so cruwel a ded!
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apost.(Dub 245)439 : To performe þis malice, Antecrist haþ cast to be knyttid wiþ kyngis and use her power, and þus venemeþ hymsilf þe lordis and þe peple.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)110/5 : Ther was a cite in Campanye…whiche haboundid gretly…in the lustes of the fleshe by the whiche Hanyball was corupted and all his hoste venymed.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)64/3 : Eschewe þe dedly venyms of women þat now [?read: not] of newe bygynnes to venym.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prol.Josh.(Bod 959)20 : Þe scorpion cese to folryse aȝens vs wiþ croked wounde & leue he off holy work to repreue wiþ venymyd toonge.
- ?c1425 Hoccl.RP (Roy 17.D.6)5263 : His shot is gay, but his eye venymede.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)90/25 : With gude custume þam-self þa rayse so þat non erthly þinge nor odir of venemyd swetnes in qwhilk þa suld haue luste þa take.