Middle English Dictionary Entry
unclēne adj.
Entry Info
Forms | unclēne adj. Also unclen, onclene, (16th cent.) uncleane & (early) unclænne; comp. unclenner(e; pl. (early infl.) unclænan. |
Etymology | OE unclǣne |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Soiled, unwashed, dirty; also, habitually or naturally foul; polluted, filthy; ?also, as adv.: in a dirty manner [quot. c1460]; also, as noun: that which is unclean;
(b) of a substance, air, water: containing impurities; of a body: containing impure substances; also, as noun: that which contains impurities; also, a poison [quot. a1500 Wars Alex.];
(c) of land: uncleared;
(d) of a sore: infected, suppurating; in Bibl. texts: infected with leprosy, leprous;—also used of a moldy or mildewed object or structure (perh. in the belief that leprosy was a fungal disease); also, as noun: lepers [1st quot., 1st occurrence];
(e) rotten, putrid, spoiled.
(f) as noun: something dirty, foul, polluted, etc.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)91 : Þu sittest adai & fliȝt aniȝt, Þu cuþest þat þu art on vnwiȝt; Þu art lodlich & unclene—Bi þine neste ich hit mene.
- a1325 SLeg.Blase (Corp-C 145)99 : Ȝoure godes vnclene beoþ; þer uore, ȝe mote us lene And bringe hom ȝeng [read: ȝend] to þe clene water, & we hom wolleþ wasse clene.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8969 : Madame…is þis wel ido—Þat þou þes vnclene limes handlest & kust so?
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)127/5 : Þaȝ my fet on-clene be, My mes þou onder-fonge.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.34.4 : Of þe vnclene what shal ben clensid?
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.575 : For who so wole his handes lime, Thei mosten be the more unclene.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)64/9 : Angelis…distingueþ busiliche bitwene clene and vnclene, stinkinge and swete-smellinge.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1250/28 : Þe sowe is an vnclene beste and grete glotoun.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)51 : Þe skabbe commeth to hem whan þei abiden in her kenel to longel…Or ellis here litter and couche is vnclene kept.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)2971 : Ful tenderly al weped þai. Þaire face war lene and als unclene, And blak smokkes had þai on bidene.
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)129/800 : Clement broghte forthe schelde and spere That were vnsemly for to were, Soyty and alle vnclene.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)43/15 : In that eche abbey neyther flen ne flyen comyn ne non othir of swech maner of onclene corrupcyoun.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)17 : The Kyng, heryng of long tyme no noyse…of the traitours…cryed to the wemen that they shuld…drawe hym up owt of that uncleyne place of the privay.
- c1460 My fayr lady (Hrl 2255)p.204 : The blak crowe moote yow byght, Your byl clothyd thirke and on clene, A froward velym upon to wryt.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.89 : It is an vnclene birde defouleth his neste.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)165b/b : Þei myȝte suffre her nose vnclene of filþe of her nose and of quytture of þe wounde, so þat it lettiþ þe consolidacioun of þe wounde and prolongis it.
b
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)174/2 : By digesttioun clene and pure is departid fram vnclene and vnpure.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)209/20 : A resoluyng in an vnclene bodi drawiþ more matere þerto þan it resolueþ.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)305/34 : Summen maken cauterijs in vnclene bodies þat ben ful replet of yuele humours.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)60/202 : Epar gendyrs & wyrkys & makys þe blud of hys humidite…& depuris þe clere fra þe thyk & þe clene fra þe unclene.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)325/4691 : Tak hede þat every fleume is unpure & unclen in hytself & becaus þareof makys uryn cloudyssh & dymmyssh.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)177a/a : Arsenek þat is…not sublimed…is more grete & more erþi & vnclenner þen arsenek sublimed.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.35 : Her voicis feire, her herynge pure and light—Al this is preef of holsum aier and clene, And ther as is contrair is aier vnclene.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)76/12 : Þes þynges dryes and feblys þe body…to þynk mekyl…and to entir yn bathis of vnclene [Ashmole: sulphure] water.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)1106 : Thu sall be drenchett with a drinke a draught of vnclene [Ashm: vnsele].
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1639 : Toures…were of heght so hoge…Þat the clowdes hom clede in vnclene ayre.
c
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)2.74 : The lond vnclene al doluen up mot be, Of rootis, fern, & weed, to make hit fre.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.13.15 : Whenne…quyk flesch apperede in hym…he shal be pollut & among vnclene he shal be holden; ȝif þe quyk flesch is spreynt wiþ lepre, hit is vnclene.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.13.46 : Al tyme þat he is leprous & vnclene, alone he shal dwelle out of þe tentys.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.13.55 : Awollen clooþ…þat haþ alepre…þei shal wasche…& whan he seeþ forsoþe þe raþer face not turned aȝeyn…he shal deme vnclene.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.14.44 : Ȝif…þe prest goon in see þe…walles aȝeyn spreynt wiþ spottys, hit is astedefast lepre, & þe hous vnclene.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)110/24 : Cure it wiþ þe curacioun of vnclene bocches.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)30 : He hadde a malady vn-meke a-myd þe face…A canker vnclene hit cloched to gedres.
e
- a1475 Hrl.Diseases Hawk B (Hrl 2340)36 : Þe fylawndyrs be wyth longe smale wormys wt rede hedes an ynch long, and þei cum of onkynde mete and of onclene mete for fawte of castyng.
f
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)397 : Pykyn or clensyn or cullyn owte the on-clene: Purgo, purgulo.
2.
(a) Morally blemished, sinful; also, as noun: one who is sinful or morally blemished;—also coll.;
(b) morally impure, unchaste; immoral;
(c) of thoughts, desires, etc.: not conducive to spiritual health; of words: suggestive of sinful acts;
(d) ~ gost (spirit), a demon.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(?OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)67/10 : Se nu eft on wurlde emne from swyðe facan innoðe onfangen byð, & fram swyðe besmitenan & of unclænan geboren…& he byð on mænnisscre gebyrde, Antichristus genæmnod.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)171/10 : Hure maenȝen ys sa mycel…þat heo unclænne man, þanne he to hyre cymeð, wel raðe forlæte wile.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)834 : For ȝit wole he noht sinne fle, Iwis vnclene he shal be.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Eccl.9.2 : Alle thyngys euenely comen to…þe clene & to þe vnclene [WB(2): an vnclene man].
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)550 : For is no segge under sunne so seme of his craftez, If he be sulped in synne, þat syttez unclene, On spec of a spote may spede to mysse Of þe syȝte of þe Soverayn.
- c1400 PLove (Hrl 2254)196/11 : I am mikel werre and vnclennere þan oȝa was…ȝit i trowe þat ȝif i touche þe wiþ deuocioun of herte…þat i shal not be smyten to deeth as oȝa was þat touched moyses arke.
- c1400 Wycl.10 Com.(2) (Sim)331 : In þis comaundement god for beodeþ alle maner of vn clene and vn leueful coueytyng.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)227/36 : Þe moore a soule drawiþ and cleueþ to me, þe moore purer it is; and þe ferþir þat it gooþ fro me, þe moore vnclene it is.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.3241 : He maketh ageyn hem an exclamacioun, Such as to vertu wer contrarious…Fals in ther domys & off ther liff oncleene.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)636 : Þanne sclulle we [read: schulle ȝe] for ȝour sinne soffre paine, For ȝe unclene bi cleped & cleven in ȝour sinne.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)15093 : Knaw þi selfe for vnclene and euyll in all degre.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)50/13 : A gentil soule restith raþer in þe bedde of a clene consciens þan of an vnclene consciens.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)6.6 : I sall waysch my bed, that is his consciens…thare restis clen of hert; thare vnclen ere pyned.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1400 : To a kyng þat is curst, of vnclene lyfe…Myche greuaunce shall groo.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4630 : Maȝȝdennhad & widdwesshad & weddlac birrþ ben clene…Her speke icc off unnclene menn…horedom iss Drihhtin laþ.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.VA (Lamb 487)111 : Vnclene wif þoleð scome on weorlde.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)607 : Whanne hi were god and clene…Þis lechours and þis hores þat vnclene beoþ so…ne shulleþ nouȝt come so ney.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)637/20 : The partriche…is an vnclene bridde, for þe male lepiþ vp and trediþ þe male, and stronge likynge of lecherie forȝetiþ þe sex and distinccioun of male and female.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28509 : I haf þam wit delt…Wit handling vnhende, kissyng vnclene.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)710 : Now haf þay skyfted my skyl and scorned natwre And henttez hem in heþyng an usage unclene.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.2812 : Off entent Phedra ful oncleene Loued hir stepsone callid Ypolitus.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)235/22 : Mans flesh ȝeues men a tast of þe wyne of lechery by vnclene kyssynges, clippynges, and oþur vnhonest handelynges.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)67/30 : For now comeþ vnto you alle the synful of youre parischens, scilicet, vnclene fornicatours, a-vowtres, [etc.].
c
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)85/8 : Vnclene þouȝtis comeþ of here [evil angel’s] doynge, þe whiche þey mowe putte in mannes þouȝt.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (LdMisc 210)18/22 : Bot he wasche þi feet, þat is þyne vnclene affecciouns…it were bettere to þe þou haddest neuere be bore.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)2 Cor.4.2 : We forsake þe priuytes of schame, þat is alle fylþe of vnclene thoughtys.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.3.121 : If he be ploungid in fowle and unclene luxuris, he is withholden in the foule delices of the fowle sowe.
- c1425(c1400) Primer (Cmb Dd.11.82)p.49 : From vnclene þouȝtis, lord, deliuere us!
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.7069 : Hate and rancour perturben the resoun Off hasti iuges, mor off entent oncleene.
- c1440(a1349) Rolle Bee (Thrn)55/18 : Thay kepe thaire wynges clene…and thay hafe othyre vertus unblendyde with þe fylthe of syn and unclene luste.
- a1450 Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)6/212-13 : Ydelnesse…may be cleped…former of vnclene affeccions, sturer of vnclene desires.
- a1456 Marmaduke SSecr.(Ashm 59)213/27 : Þe yvel enforcementz of delectacions vnclene engendren carnelle love, þe whiche engendreþe avaryce.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)887 : Titiuillus syngnyfyth the Fend of helle; The Flesch, þat ys þe vnclene concupissens of ȝour body.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)187/16 : Foule and vnclene wordys thou shalt enchu, ffor hit is not fere fro the herte that the mouthe Spekyth, and that that Is in the mouthe Sone to the dede approcedyth.
d
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)58/23 : Þonne se unclæne gast gæð ut of þan mænn, þænne færð he worigende on unwæterigen stowen, secende him reste.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)27 : Þe unclene gast þe geð him of þan sunfulle mon…secheð reste hwer he mei wunian, ah he ne mei in nane gode men.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.10.1 : He ȝaue to hem power of vnclene spiritis.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 5.16 : The multitude of citees nyȝ to Jerusalem ran, brynginge to syk men and trauelid of vnclene spiritis.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1386/16 : Musik abateþ maystry of yuel spirites…as we redeþ of Dauid þat delyuerede Saul of an vnclene spirit by craft of melody.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5473 : Þer was a statue…And þer-in was, þoruȝ þe deuels sleiȝte, A spirit vnclene, be false illusioun, Þat answere ȝaf to euery questioun.
- a1480(c1450) Barlaam (2) (Peterh 257)45/1602 : Whan an vnclene spyrite goth out of a man by grace of bapteem, he gooth aboute by drye placis sekynge his reste.
3.
(a) Not acceptable for consumption under Jewish dietary law, tref; also, unacceptable as a sacrificial animal; also, as noun: animals regarded as unclean under Jewish dietary law;
(b) not ritually purified, ceremonially unclean;
(c) intrinsically impure with respect to religious practice.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)14559 : Þeȝȝ alle samenn ȝedenn…inntill þatt arrke…Off alle kinne cwike der Off clene & off unnclene.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.11.47 : Þis is þe lawe…þat ȝe mowe knowe þe differences of clene & of vnclene, & þat ȝe weten what ȝe owen to ete & what to forsake.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)636/12 : The pellican…is a bridde of Egipt and woneþ in desert…and is acompted among vnclene briddes by þe lawe Leuitico.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1232/17 : Orix is…acounted in þe lawe cleen to etynge…þere it is yseide in þis manere: þou schalt ete orix and cameleopardulus, But is acounted vnclene to sacrifice.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1960 : I warn you als-sua all be-deine Ete o na best o kind vn-clene.
- a1450 SLeg.MPChr.(StJ-C B.6)651 : Oure lord to saue þo syke men graunted hem at þe ende, For it was leuere þat þe deuel in onclene beste were þan in men þat he louyþ more.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1105 : He wass all daȝȝ Unnclene anan till efenn.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.12.2 : A womman…shal be vnclene seuene days after þe dayȝes of þe seuerenge of þe fluxe of roten blood.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)546/8 : It was forbode and ihote þat men þat were vnclene and nouȝt circumcidid schulde nouȝt ete þerof.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19932 : Vr lagh for-bedes Meng us wit ani oþer ledes, Bot nu wit sight i haf it sene, þat o man-kind es nan vnclene.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ezek.22.10 : Thei maden low in thee the vnclenesse of a womman in vnclene blood.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)57/16 : The lawe of the Iewes was þen suche þat a woman þat was delyuerde of a man-chyld sculd be holden vnclene by þe lawe vii dayes aftyr hur burth.
c
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1867 : Agte unclene ne wulde he beren, For he dredde him it sulde him deren.
- a1480(c1450) Barlaam (2) (Peterh 257)42/1515 : Fro þis generacion God hath called þe, and seith: ‘Go out of þe myddel of hem, and departe þe from hem, and tuche non vnclene þynge, but safe þe fro þis fals generacion.’
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)11185 : For the worthy, þat wicche hase wastid to dethe…Let hir bones with baret abide in this aire, As a caren vncleane, for hir curst dedis.
4.
Defiled by contact with the sinful.
Associated quotations
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7208 : Prustes mid vnclene honden & mid lechors mod Al isoyled sacrieþ godes fless & is blod.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3199 : Lo, Adam…With goddes owene fynger wroght was he And nat bigeten of mannes sperme vnclene.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.19.13 : Ben shul þe housis of ierusalem…as þe place tophet: vnclene alle þe housis in whos rooues þei sacrifieden to…alien godis.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.7.14 : The vnfeithful hosebonde is halowid by the feithful womman, and the vnfeithful womman is halowid by the feithful hosebonde. Ellis ȝoure children weren vnclene; now forsoth thei ben hooly.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)267/16 : Þan it is wondre þat he leueþ all þe vertevous desires of þe soule and ȝeueþ hym to þe foule lustus of þe foule and vnclene parte, the body.