Middle English Dictionary Entry
trēsǒur n.
Entry Info
Forms | trēsǒur n. Also tresoure, tressour, tresor(e, tresur(e, treissour, treisor(e, treisser, trosour, trosor, thresour(e, thressour, thresur, (K) trezor, (late) treasour(e, treasire & (early) tressur, treosor, treoseor, (in surnames) treissor, thresor & (errors) tre, triffor, turesour; pl. tresoures, etc. & tressores, tresurus. |
Etymology | OF tresor, tressor, thresor, AF tresour(e, tresure, trezur, trosor. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A store of riches, valuable objects, accumulated wealth, spoils, etc. laid up for preservation or safekeeping, a hoard; a quantity of money, precious metals, or stones, etc.; coll. coins, jewels, costly or rare movable goods, commodities, etc.; also, esp. with possessive modifier, the wealth possessed or controlled by someone, one's fortune, one's worldly goods; also used iron. [quot. c1450 Alph.Tales]; ~ cofre (place); (b) an object of great monetary value, a precious object, a valuable; also, the subjects of a ruler considered as a source of revenue [quot. c1475]; (c) law ~ founden, a cache of objects of significant value found hidden and unclaimed by an owner [cp. tresor-trove n.]; (d) a store or quantity of something valued by its possessor, something analogous to treasure in its worth or indispensability to its owner; an object or a substance esteemed as a treasure by its owner; (e) in proverbs and prov. expressions.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : King Stephne..hadde get his tresor..Micel hadde Henri king gadered gold & syluer.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)79/20 : Þe [Nero: þe ðet] bereð tresor openliche i wei þet is al ful of reaueres & of þeoues, him luste leosen hit & beon irobbet.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)2159 : A-mong is tresor heo founden al-so tweie wel stronge heren.
- a1350 Nou skrynkeþ (Hrl 2253)39 : Mon þat feleþ eni sor ant his folie wol lete, wiþoute gold oþer eny tresor he mai be sound ant sete.
- c1330 Roland & V.(Auch)350 : Charls..wan in spaine þe cites alle..& wiþ þe tresour þat he wan þere Mani a chirche he lete arere.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3401 : Kyng, god to thy fader sente Glorie and honour, regne, tresor, rente.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.41.8 : Wee han tresor in þe feld of whete & of barly & of oile & of hony.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.137 : Iohn Hircanus openede tweyne of þe eiȝte tresour places þat sondiþ aboute David sepulcre.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.442 : A certein tresor [vr. trosor] that she thider ladde..They han hir yeuen..And forth she sailleth in the salte see.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.204 : They hadde me yeuen hir land and hir tresoor.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24807 : Wit triffor [read: trissor] son his scipp was tift O presaundes mani and riche gift O siluer and gold.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)16534 : [B]ot þe iuus, þat all wold haue, þe thresur [Vsp: mone] forsok þai noght.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)1.54 : Resoun schulde rewele ȝow alle, And kynde wyt be wardeyn ȝoure welþe to kepe, And tutour of ȝour tresour [vr. trosour].
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2996 : To a cofre where hir tresour ley Sche went anoon, & brouȝt him in her honde A riche ymage of siluer þat sche fonde.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)184 : Next was peynted Coueitise That eggith folk..gret tresouris vp to leyne.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)184 : Gaderyn tresowre: Thesaurizo.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)42/4 : In þis ilke citee of Bactrian, he fande tresour wit-owtten noumer.
- (a1450) Code Laws in Willmore Hist.Walsall169 : It is ordeyned for the more suertye and saufgard of the tresure of the said Gilde, that therbe iiii keyes of the tresour coffer belongyng to Seynt John.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2677 : Þare fand he tresour [Dub: turesour] vntald.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)13665 : Kyng Ioas..gafe þem all the thressour and all þe vessel of price þat his elders be fore had sett to godes seruyce.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)347/16-17 : Alexander yisterday made tresur of golde and now it is evyn contrarie, for golde makis tresur of hym.
- (a1460) DSPhilos.(Helm)33/26-8 : Yf a kinge assemble an outeragious thresour and dispendith it nat vpon thes thingis whiche thei were ordeigned to he shal lose bothe his thresoure and his realme.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)183/25 : He..compelled theim by betyngis and othre duresse for to telle wher their rychesse was and the tressores of their husbondes.
- c1475 3 Consid.(UC 85)187 : As habundaunce of wytte and wisdome is necessarye unto a Prince, soo it is necessarye in maner to have richesse and treasire.
- a1500(?c1400) Song Roland (Lnsd 388)311 : If Gwynylon tressour haue tak, & treson wrought, And to the soudan sold vs, as It semyd best he may the haue vs euyn as they lest.
- a1500 Siege Jerus.(2) (Brog 2.1)85/460,465 : Pylat..commandyt þat no man schwld eete his chyld nor woman, but þat þey schwld eete þer treysore. But aftur..euyrry man slow odyr for þer treysser in þer boddyse.
- a1500 Siege Jerus.(2) (Brog 2.1)90/600 : Þey full sovr tormenttyd wer to fette þe treyssour oute of her bellys.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12649 : Doune in the dongyn of a dry pit Was a gobet full grete, all of gold, hid, Of tresoure of the toune.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)p.318 : He wasted clene The kyng his tresour.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2818 : On þe pomel was ywrite, 'Icham yhot Estalibore, Vnto a king fair tresore.'
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3451 : Hij robbeden tresores and cloþes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.354 : Hyȝe desyr thei hadde for to wynne Þe gret tresour þat was shette with-Inne Colchos lond.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1444 : Nevew, if it myghte be..That thow this famous tresor myghtest wynne..It were to me gret plesaunce and honour.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)149 : Qwene was I whilome..Of townnes, of towris, of tresoures [Ir: tresurus] vn-tolde.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)1270 : Whan þey þe cyte han souȝt..Telle couþe no tonge þe tresours þat þei þer founden, Jewels for joly men..Ffloreyns of [rede] gold..Riche pelour & pane, princes to wer, Besantes, bies of gold, broches & rynges, Clene cloþes of selke, many carte-fulle.
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)256 : The broche of Thebes..whan hit was fro his possessioun Then had he double wo and passioun For he so feir a tresor had forgo.
- c1475 Abbrev.Trip.SSecr.(UC 85)374/5,9 : Thy peeple and subgites is..the noble treasoure whiche confermeth thy reame..so is the peeple thy might and power and durable treasoure.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.260 : Þu hast lost a gret tresor, for Y haue a margery ston in myn wombe mor þan an ostrychis ey.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)354 : Off Brutis Albion his wolle is cheeff richesse, In prys surmountyng euery othir thyng Sauff greyn & corn..Wolle is cheeff tresour in this lond growyng.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)218 : To tessayle a tresure tristy for euer, Thy selfe to be sene and in suche fame.
c
- (1467-8) RParl.5.583a : Deodandes, Tresoure founden, and also all maner Goodes, Catelles, and forfaitures, etc.
- (1482) RParl.6.205a : Wrekke of the see, Tresour founde, and all such Issues, Fynes, and amerciamentes, [etc.].
d
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)598 : Þe blod to þe is tresore riche; Were ȝour werk ysmerd þerwiþ, Euer it wold stond in griþ.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8284 : Þat was þat hali arke þai bare A-bute, wit all þair santuare..þaa tabels tuin þe ten comamentes war in..And þar was aarons wand..þir thinges þat i tell yow here, Tresur þe king þam heild for dere.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1858 : My gude unement..was to me..Þe best tresure þat ever I hade.
- (c1447) Let.Oxf.in OHS 35261 : Theys sayd boks..was to us most special and singuler tresour.
- (a1450) Proc.Chanc.in Cal.PCEliz.1.p.xliv : The which obligacon yet resteth in the sauf gard of the mair and aldremen in the chaumber of the gildhall of the same citee..in the comune & most principall place of tresour of recordes and charts concernyng the good publique.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)54b/b : Ne he schal be late blood ne y ventosid, for blood muste be kepid in him as tresour.
e
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2820 : The prophete seith that bettre it is to been a good man and haue litel good and tresor than to be holden a shrewe and haue grete richesses.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1180 : Who so wole haue freendis heere, He may not holde his tresour deere.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2987 : Tesauriȝat et ignorat cui congregabit ea: Tresor, tresor, it hathe no tak; It is oþyr mens, olde and newe.
- c1475(?a1449) ?Lydg.Tied (Hrl 2251)72 : Al worldly tresour goth to the world agayne; To kepe it longe may be no sikernesse.
2.
In fig. uses: (a) a store of spiritual riches, nonmaterial wealth, goods, property, etc.;—freq. used of the instruction, sacraments, redemptive power, etc. of the Church or of deeds charged to an individual soul's account; occas. used of eternal life; ~ huche; (b) a nonmaterial thing greatly valued by its possessor, a prized possession, precious gift;—freq. used of a desirable faculty, endowment, state, etc.; occas. used of the soul or the indwelling Holy Spirit; the ~ of min treuth, ?my reputation for reliability, my good name; (c) a person held dear to someone, one's beloved; specif., Jesus [quots. c1300 & a1450]; God's chosen people [quot. a1382]; also, the finest practitioner of an art [last quot.]; (d) a singular circumstance, marvel; (e) in proverbs and prov. expressions.
Associated quotations
a
- a1275 Serm.St.Nich.(Trin-C B.14.39)66/111 : Yef þet þou wolt riche ben yef for him þat yaf hit þe, tressur of heuene þou scalt habbe þat euer wole lasten ant nomon gabbe.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)96/24 : Þanne he openede his mouþ and his trezor þet he hedde ywreȝe ine his herte.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 18.22 : Sille thou alle..and ȝyue to pore men, and thou schalt haue tresour in heuene.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)12.111 : Namore kan a kynde witted man but clerkes hym teche, Come for al his kynde witte to crystendome and be saued; Which is þe coffre of crystes tresore and clerkes kepe þe keyes.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)173/10 : Ȝe hauen gadered tresour of wraþþe to ȝow in þe laste daies.
- a1425(c1340) Rolle Psalter (LdMisc 286)25.11 : Thei coueit to be ryche in giftis, bot i am rych in gostly tresoure.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)3819 : Pardon may nane hafe bot he wil wirke, For it es of þe tresur of haly kirke, Þat es gadirde for nede of pardon Of þe vertu of Crestes passion.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)171/13 : Þe blood of my blessid sone..myn eendelees charite haþ reserued and put afore ȝou in þe tresour hucch of þe mysterial body of holy chirche.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)9/240 : Euer haue pete of þe pore, Of þe goodus þat God þe sende; Þou hast non oþer here tresoure Aȝayns de day of iugyment.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)31/37 : Non oweþ to take þis riche tresour to kepe, þat is cure of mannes soule, but he kan loue.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)1/13 : I þat write now..am detour to oþir simpil creatures þat be not lerned so mech as I; Wherfor my dettis wil I pay of swech tresour as I haue in possession.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)97/12 : Thou art swete in good living yif þou finde þat hidde tresoure of holy entent in þe feld of þin hert.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)771/26 : The ije peticion þat he askyd was þe tresour of heven.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)135/23 : Ȝie healden cunnen ȝewer fatt of ȝewer likame..mid michele clannesse, alswa ðat ilke fatt de [read: ðe] bereð inne þat derworðe tresor, þat is, ðe hali gast.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)10/131 : Meiðhad is þet tresor þat, beo hit eanes forloren, ne bið hit neauer ifunden.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)4/30-31 : Ah ne bihoueð hit nawt þet tis hus beo irobbet, for þer is inne þe tre [Roy: tresur] þet godd ȝef him seolf fore, þet is monnes sawle; forte breoke þis hus efter þis tresor [Roy: treoseor]..is moni þeof abuten ba bi dei & bi niht.
- c1225 SWard (Roy 17.A.27)42/396 : Warschipe, Strencðe in godd, ant Með, ant Rihtwisnesse witen godes treosor, þet is, his ahne sawle.
- a1300 A Mayde Cristes (Jes-O 29)145 : He haueð bi-tauht þe o tresur þat is betere þan gold oþer pel..& wilneþ þat þu hit wyte wel Wyþ þeoues, wiþ reueres, wiþ lechurs.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.69 : In full possession of love Yit was I nevere hier tofore..If I that tresor mihte gete, It scholde nevere be foryete.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)9/21 : Crist hath loked vp fro þefes his chosen tresour.
- c1425 Wycl.Concord.in Spec.43 (Roy 17.B.1)270 : Mannes mynde..is ofte robbid of þe tresour of kunnyng bi þe enemye of science, þat is, forȝetyng.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.6293 : Hertili ioie, philisophres expresse, Is grettest tresour tween pouert & richesse.
- a1450 Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)9/359 : What is a moor preciouse tresoure than thilk that heuen is bought with?
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)1012 : My wele & my worschup ȝe weldeþ to kepe, For þe tresour [vr. trust] of my treuþ vpon þis toun hengyþ.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)380 : He moste thinke yt is his lige man, And is his tresour and his gold in cofre; This is the sentence of the Philosophre, A kyng to kepe his liges in justice!
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)61/26 : Joye of hert..is þe lif of a soule and þe tresoure of holynes wich shal neuer fayle.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)172/31 : The disciples of studye..ben applied to..knowe the sterre of science, takyng diligently the good tresour of that cler and helthefull fountayne.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)11501 : Þe tresour of wisdom..is yshitt in him..Þerfore shal he kunne wel more Þan any man after or bifore.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)502 : Holiore þou art þane al þat is: for þou one wuyrþe were Þat þou þat tresor of al þe world al one opon þe bere.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.19.5 : Ȝif þann ȝe here my voyce & kepen my couenaunt ȝe schull ben to me in to my propre tresour [L mihi in peculium] of all puples.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)866 : I haf a tresor in my telde of tow my fayre deȝter.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2628 : My ryghte doughter, tresor of myn herte..So nygh myn herte nevere thyng ne com As thow.
- a1450 Aelred Inst.(2) (Bod 423)22/873 : Folewe this precious tresoure and helpe to bere vp eyther feet or hondes, or elles go behynde and gadre vp the smale dropes of blood that fallen by the way.
- 1558(?a1440) Burgh Praise Lydg.(Add 29729)39 : Ye be the flowre and tresure of poise, the garland of Ive and lawre of victorye.
d
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2094 : Bot treuly, ser..gret tresore me thinke At Alexander þe athill for of all ware he maister..Was neuire..his hert full of pride.
e
- c1400(?c1280) SLeg.OTHist.(LdMisc 622)32 : Best tresore is þine elde frende.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)1.181 : Whan alle tresouris arn triȝede, treuþe is þe beste.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1742 : Trouth is tresour chief of euery rewme.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.Friend AN (Ashm 59)32 : Howe gret a tresore to fynde a freonde at nede.
- c1475(?a1440) Burgh Cato(1) (Rwl C.48)505 : The olde sawe seithe: Mesur is tresure.
3.
(a) A building, repository, vault, etc. in which wealth, precious objects, the resources of a commonwealth, etc. are stored and protected, a treasury, storehouse; also, a treasure chest, strongbox [some quots. could be construed as sense 1.(a)]; (b) in fig. uses: a repository for nonliteral things; ~ of minde, the memory; haven in ~, to have (the heart) in one's keeping, have someone's affections; kepen in ~, preserve or store (sensory impressions) in memory [a few quots. could be construed as sense 2.(a)].
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2274 : Bid hir drink þis licour And do þe coupe in hir tresour.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2089 : Thei in sondri stedes have Here gold under the ground begrave In tuo tresors, that to beholde Thei scholden seme as thei were olde.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)Mat.2.11 : Þese þre kynges..openyde þer tresoris & offrede to hym ȝyftys, gold & encense & myrre.
- c1400 WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.9)Ex.1.11 : [Roy 1.C.8: Thei maden citees of tabernaclis] ether tresours, as it is in Ebrew [to Faros, Fiton, and Ramesses].
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)57 : Eche baylyff..at the gynnyng shulde of the yere ȝelde the same rolle to the common chist of the toun, and there to be weel and trewely kept as in tresour [F en trezorye].
- ?a1450(1422) Lydg.SD (McC 182)62/9 : Magrey þe Senat he brake þe brasyn dores of here tresor and bi violens toke and rawȝt hit away and plentiously departed amonge his kniȝtes.
- c1460 Cursor (LdMisc 416)16537 : That same mony..To be done in tresour [Trin-C: tresorie] they seid it not mowth..for yt with blode was broght.
- ?a1475 PParv.(Win)490 : Tresowre: Thezaurus, Errarium, Gasophilacium..est an howrdhows similiter.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)185/24 : Yf the treasour of Rome was vngarnysshid of money, yche man liberally gaf of his owne.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)2387 : If a man fonde..a precious stoon Þat were foule and no þing clene, He shulde..in tresour not it leie Til þe felþe were aweie.
b
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)134.8 : Our Lord..putteþ forþe þe windes of his tresour [L thesauris].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ps.32.7 : By þe woord of þe lord heuenes ben fastned..Gederynge as in a botel þe watris of þe se & puttynge ses in tresoris.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)98/33 : Memoratiua..holdiþ and kepiþ in þe tresour of mynde þingis þat beþ apprehendid and iknowe bi þe ymaginatif and racio.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2085 : Of the body he is full lord That hath the herte in his tresour.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.301 : Sche sekeþ in þat souereyn merour clere..Forgeten þing..To put it to [vr. into] þe tresour of hire mynde.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)124/3689 : I passyng fayne wold stele..A pryvy Cosse of yow..Which y shalle kepe fulle clos to eft we mete In tresoure of my ioy right privyly.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)21b/a : Þis ventricle..resseyueþ þe þingis þat ben schewid and þeir sentencis and kepiþ hem in tresour or ellis puttiþ hem forþ aftir þe discrecioun of þe v wittis.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)60/4 : A kynge ys ensamplyd to þe wyndes þat heigh god sendys out and ordeynes of þe tresour of his mercy.
4.
A custodian of a treasury; also in fig. context; ?also, a safekeeper, preserver [last quot.].
Associated quotations
- c1225 SWard (Roy 17.A.27)38/364 : Godd..al þis haueð us iȝarcket ȝef we as treowe tresures witeð wel his tresor þet is bitaht us to halden as we schulen ful wel under his wengen.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1437 : Þenne towchede to þe tresor þis tale watz sone, And he wyth keyes uncloses kystes ful mony.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)98/34 : For scarsete is tresoure [vr. tresoresse] of helthe, and wher the body is lene and voyde the body [vr. soule] is full and the witte plenteouse.
5.
As surname.
Associated quotations
- (1148) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames354 : Ansgod Tresor, Clement treisor.
- (1199) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames354 : Adgar Treissor'.
- (1207) Fine R.King John453 : Laurentius Tresor, Thresor.
- (1287) Pleas Crown in BGAS 22158 : John Tresour.
- (1297) Acc.Cornw.in RHS ser.3.68228 : Madoco Tresur.