Middle English Dictionary Entry
tremblen v.
Entry Info
Forms | tremblen v. Also tremble, tremblẹ̄, trembelen, trembille, trembul(e, trimble, trimballen, trimbul & tremle, tremlin, tremlen, tremel(i(n, tremil(e, tremul, trimlen, trimmelen, trimmil & (error) temble; p. trembled(e, etc. & trembilde, tremelde; pl. trembleden, etc. & tremeld(de, trimild, (error) trebleden. |
Etymology | OF trembler, tremouler & ML tremulāre. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) To shudder or tremble in response to a strong emotion, esp. fear; also fig.; (b) ~ for, to tremble for (fear, anger, etc.); also fig.; (c) with inf.: to tremble with fear (at doing sth.), hesitate (to do sth.); also, be anxious (to do sth.) [quot. a1460]; (d) to cause (sb., someone's heart) to tremble; ppl. tremblinge as noun, in phrase: tremblinge min wordes, the ones who fear my words; (e) ppl. tremblinge as adj., of the day of judgment: fearsome, terrifying; of reverence: awestruck; (f) in stock simile.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.41.5 : Iles seeȝen & trembleden, þe vtmostis of þe erþe became stoneyd.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 7.32 : I am God of ȝoure fadris, God of Abraham, God of Ysaac, God of Jacob; Moyses, maad tremeling, durste not biholde.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.599 : Men that sweren so horribly by his blessed name..despise it moore boldely than dide..the deuel that trembleth whan he hereth his name.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)80/20 : Þe angels of þis ordir seþ alwey and biholdeth þe vertu of God, and tremblith in þe contemplacioun þerof, but þis drede is not peyneful, but is for wondringe and not for grisliche fere.
- a1400 Wycl.MPl.(Add 24202)44 : The werd of God in the hond of Crist is seyn, in the whiche siȝt alle oure othere thre wittis for drede tremblyn and quaken as a childe tremblith seyng the ȝerde of his mayster.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)28/34 : Þe creatur stod stylle, tremelyng & whakyng ful sor in hir flesch.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)501 : Tremelyn [Win: Tremlyn]: Tremo, contremo.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)3195 : Hur fyngres sche wrast, þe blod out brak, Sche tremblede & sykede inderly.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)457 : I trotte and tremle in my trew trone; As a hawke I hoppe in my hende hale.
- 1468 *Medulla (StJ-C C.22)111a/b : Tremulo: to tremelyn.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)94/25 : When morowe come, hure housbonde be-gan for to tremyle in conscience.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)373 : It happenyth some tyme in a grete Couente that there are many bestes..lyouns be pride, Foxes be fraude and wiles..hares be drede for they tremyll in drede, where was no drede.
b
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)52.6 : Hij ne cleped nouȝt God; þer hij trebleden [read: trembleden] for drede, þer no drede nas.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)2.197 : Alle fledden for fer..Saue mede þe maiden..Ac trewely to telle heo tremblide [vrr. tremblyd, tremelyd, trymbeled; C vr. tremelede, tremelde] for fere.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1081 : Þis Menestee..for Ire gan to tremble & schake, Þat Troylus was from his hondis take.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3163 : So gan he threte and manace, And thurgh the haye he dide me chace. For feer of hym I tremblyde and quoke, So Cherlishly his heed it shoke.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)3183 : So com þeyr moder, dame Tonewenne, Þat bar boþe Belyn & Brenne, Bytwyxt þer hostes, tremblyng [vr. trembland] for drede.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)114/20 : When þat God commeþ..þan heven and erthe shall tremull for drede.
- a1475(1450) Death Suffolk (Vsp B.16)40 : The abbot of þe Toure hille, with his fat face, Quakeþ & tremuleþ for 'domine, ne in furore.'
- a1475 VPhilibert (Brog 2.1)p.33 : For verry feyre the soule dyd trymmyl and quake.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)898 : Wen they be on þe pyttys brynke, Than xall þey trymbull and qwake for drede.
- a1500 Tundale (Adv 19.3.1)198 : Hys goste for fere tremeldde.
- a1500 St.Dor.(2) (Chet 8009)54 : Hereynge this the tyrant, tremelyng for anger within hym selfe, commanded that her visage shulde be all to betyne wt stonys.
- ?a1525(?a1475) Play Sacr.(Dub 652)741 : O thu, Lord, whyche art my defendowr, For dred of the I trymble and quake.
c
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Mac.16.6 : Joon..seeȝ the peple tremblynge to passe ouer the streme of reyn.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.598 : The name of Iesu..is so heigh and so worshipful that the cursede feend in helle sholde tremblen [vr. tremblee] to heren it ynempned.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3899 : He taries, tremlande ay tydandis to herken.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)1998 : This promptitude & wit & stronge aray, Thi foo, seynge, is trembeling to fle, The palme of victory goynge with the.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)55 : Wo is þe..biginning of þis þus gret iuel, I drede ungly to sey, tremel and quake; Neuerþeles I dar not hold it stille.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.66.2 : To whom..shal I beholden no but to þe porelet & contrit in spirit & trembling my woordis?
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.5104 : Lucrece and therupon bledende He leide..And every mannes herte is trembled.
- a1475(1450) Scrope DSP (Bod 943)20/30 : Som men demaunded & askid him whate that was that trembled [vr. tremled] and noide most & that lettid a man.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3272 : Elan, with other of hir lede Þat were takon in þe tempull..Were sorowfull..All tourniet with tene, tremblit in hert.
e
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Expos.PNoster (LdMisc 683)1 : Atwyxe dred and tremblyng reuerence Astoned I am.
- a1500 GLitany (Dc 42)133 : Socoure vs, swete ihesus, in the tremelyng and streyte daye of Iugement.
f
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)14/18 : Þouȝ þis beste ouer alle oþer stalworþest be, he durkeþ & dareþ whan he a mous seeþ &..trembliþ as a leef, as he hertles were.
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)418 : We sall seke thedyr in sympill atyre, Tremland and qwakande als lefe appon tree.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)1.15.10b : I..fer dreed vnnethe kan speke a worde, But tremble as doth a leef vpon a tree.
1b.
(a) Of the heart, blood: to throb with strong emotion, pound; of bones, flesh: shudder; of hands, lips: quiver; ~ for, quiver on account of (pain, a sound); ppl. tremblinge as adj.: throbbing; quivering; (b) in stock simile.
Associated quotations
a
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)p.185 : My lippes trembleden for þy voice.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2622 : Thei that ben hardy sone assemblen, Wherof the dredfull hertes tremblen: That on sleth, and that other sterveth.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9390 : He sagh an hande wryte on þe wogh..As he þys hand bygan to holde, hys herte began to tremle and colde.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)11.110 : Al for tene of her tyxte trembled [vr. trembreld] myn herte.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5425 : I..for wo and drede Fele myn hond boþe tremble and quake.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Jer.23.9 : Myn herte is contrit in the myddis of me, alle my boonys trembliden [WB(1): to-trembleden; L contremuerunt] togidere; Y am maad as a man drunkun, and as a man weet of wyn.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.52/26 : We cessid nat..to calle yn-to vs many helpys of seyntis and trewly, yn the hyndyr part of the Shippe with tremulynge lippys And sorowfull hert, y besowghte the mercy of God.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)124/24 : Than sche mad hir prayers to owr Lord God al-mythy..& hir flesch tremelyd & whakyd wondirly þat sche was fayn to puttyn hir handys vndyr hir cloþis þat it schulde not ben aspyed.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)47 : Wyth þis vision I am so occupyed þat neyther I may slepe ne reste eny moment of tyme so my tremlyng hert sturyth me to see þis virgyn.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5308 : As fast as he on þis figour festid his siȝt, All falowis his face, & his flesche trimblis.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)15/14 : Augustin stood in þe puple and sodeyn fere fell up-on him, so þat þe þoutes whech wer pryuy with-inne him mad his face pale and his body for to tremel þat all þe puple myth aspie it.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)626 : Whenne duk roulond that word vndyrstode, he chaunged hys vysage, and al tremeled hys blod.
- a1500(c1450) Idley Instr.(Arun 20)2.S.381 : For Ioy hys hart trymyld and quoke.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)2631 : But my hert quakith, my hond is tremeling, when I write of this most selcowth þing.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)6312 : If he a shadowe shal se, His herte shal temble [vr. tremble] and he shal flee.
b
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)89/2637 : Therwith y stert and wook With hert tremblyng as leef of apsen tre, Saiyng, 'allas, nevyr such dreem me took.'
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)734 : My mynde ys dyspersyde, my body trymmelyth as þe aspen leffe.
2.
(a) To shiver for such physical causes as cold or illness; (b) to undergo spasmodic contractions; of the heart: palpitate; tremblinge cardiacle, a heart ailment characterized by arrhythmia; (c) to be or become tremulous or unsteady; shake as with age or weakness; ppl. tremblinge, shaking, unsteady; also, of the eyes [quot. a1500(a1450)]: ?twitching; ?blinking; (d) ?to display rippling muscles; ?move in spirited agitation.
Associated quotations
a
- c1440 Bonav.Medit.(3) (Thrn)203 : Be-holde hym here besyly thus betyne & all tremlynge for colde, for..þe wedire was colde.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.Prayer Leonard (LdMisc 683)22 : Helpe staunche veynes wich sese nat to bleede; Help furious folk that tremble in þer accesse.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)129b/a : To Tremyll [Monson: Trembylle]: Frigutire.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)155/12 : Fro..Decembyr to..Marche..bestys bothe wyld and tame quake and tremyl, þe vertuis and streynghys of bodyis be febyllid.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)246/3 : Bestis that no recepte haue tremblyth, empeyryth, and mournyth for the colde and moistnesse, wych is perissynge and contrarie to the lyfe.
- a1500 Tale Basin (Cmb Ff.5.48)140 : Alle his body tremeld for colde.
b
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)113/11 : For akynge of a wombe þat trembelyth: Take tansie, [etc.].
- a1475 Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)143/10 : Þo maken þe herte to tremble and to quake.
- a1475 Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)144/17 : When it comeþ of malencoly, þe herte trembleþ, and þe man haþ moche sorowe.
- a1475 Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)148/9 : If þis sekenes come of fleumatike mater..it is clepid a trembling cardiacle, for whan a man lyeþ his honde on þe herte, he trembleþ.
c
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1082/5 : Þe dronkelewe mannes..hondes trembleþ and schakeþ and his tunge is ybounde.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.357 : Glotoun..myȝte neither steppe ne stonde er he his staffe hadde..He trembled [vr. stomlid; C vr. thrumbled] on þe thresshewolde an threwe to þe erthe.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)3b : Ete the sede every day that distroyeth tremlyng handis or senichies.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.1.17 : Heeris hore arn schad over-tymeliche upon myn heved, and the slakke skyn trembleth of myn emptid body.
- c1450 From þe tyme (Lamb 853)28 : In oure olde age..Oure heed, oure hondis, þo wolen schake, And oure leggis wole tremble where we go.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)107 : And reyse he dissolut handis, and dresser riȝt weies to his feet, and comfort tremeling knees.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)146a/b : A surgian schal..haue good schap of hise membris & namely on hise hondis & longe fyngris & smale, mouable, and not tremblynge.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)97/29,31 : Of eyen moche shakyng: A man havyng eyen moch tremelyng, he is bad..Whos eyen ben small and tremlyng [Lyell: tremulyng] and varying, he loveth gretly women.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38)94 : Hys flesche trembylde for grete elde.
- c1500(1446) Morstede Surgery (Hrl 1736)108 : A surgene owyth to have thes condycyons..For the thyrd..that he have small fyngyrs and stedfaste hondys not tremelynge.
d
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)87/39 : Loke..þat he go wyde in resoun & þat his lymes tremeli, for þat is sygne of strengþe.
3.
(a) To quake violently, esp. because of seismic instability [some exx. may be fig. uses of sense 1a.(a)]; also, vibrate in response to a thunderous noise or a touch; (b) fig. to be unstable; ppl. tremblinge as adj.: uncertain; (c) of a pen: to wobble; ppl. tremblinge as adj.: wobbling; (d) ppl. tremblinge as adj.: ?irregular in outline; ?wavering.
Associated quotations
a
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)17.9 : Þe erþe hys styred, and hyȝt trembled.
- 1372 At þe time (Adv 18.7.21)22 : At þe heyȝe non, lord, þu toke þi leue, & into þi fader hond þe holigost þu ȝeue..Þe herde quakede & tremlede, þe sunne les hire lithte.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Joel 2.10 : As the mornyng sprad abrood, vpon hillis myche peple and strong..Of the face of hym the erthe tremblide togydre; heuens ben moued.
- (a1398) Trev.Barth.(Add 27944:Seymour)1214/20 : It is ytrowed þat þe leoun whelp whanne he is ywhelped slepeþ þre dayes and þre nightes and..þat þe place of þe couche trembleþ and schakeþ by grontynge and rorynge of þe fader and wakeþ þe whelpe þat slepeþ.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)75/35 : Þan shal tremble þe lande, þat þan shal bene called Engeland, as an aspe lef, and in þat tyme shal castelles bene fellede adoune vppon Tamise.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1562 : Of noyse of hors þe erþe gan to tremble.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)73/12 : The roche tremblid in such wise that it hooly brak and clave a-sondir.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)24 : Þere was noyse of diuerse melodyes and songes þat hit semed as the erthe had trembled.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)452 : Thies kene knyghtis to-gedir gan glide; the Medowe tremlyde one aythir syde.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1252 : Þe multitude was sa mekill..Sa stithe a steuyn in þe stoure of stedis & ellis, As it was semand to siȝt as all þe soyle trymblid.
- a1484 Treat.7 Lib.Arts (Trin-C R.14.52)1044/237 : Whan the partis of a sownyng thyng thus tremelith, thei moeve the heire next hem, in like as thei bien moeved.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)184/12 : For ȝif that heuene and erþe trembul and quake a-fore the yche day, þen myche moste man drede þat haþ no goodnes ne strengþe of hym-selfe but al of thy pite and grace.
- a1500 Lydg.LOL (Adv 19.3.1)p.125 : We behold..Thi son and thou togedur both in fere In the bondes of so narow a downione Whereof all erth trembule schuld and quake.
b
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)13/24 : Emperours & kynges sitte þei neuere so hiȝe, here trone trembliþ vndur hem but vertu holde hem vp.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.2202 : On sodeyn chaungis set your remembraunce, Fresshnesse off floures, off braunchis the beute Have ai on chaung a tremblyng attendaunce.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)34/20 : O, ye erthely kyngis, which sitte in youre trembling chayers..lothe to lerne your leccions of the Kyng of hevene, which [sit] in perdurable trone, of which the realme may neuir chaunge.
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.145 : For to telle þe meschef and þe wo I want connynge, and I fele..My penne quake & tremble in my hond.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)28 : His goodnesse so hihly doth excelle, I stond in hope his influence shal shyne, My tremblyng penne bi grace to enlumyne.
d
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)388/188 : Of quakynge cercle: ȝif an uryn have a trymland cercle, it sais seknes & payn in þe bak as fer as mica lastys.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)388/189 : Circulus tremulus (a tremland cercle, a quakand cercle) is ȝif þe uryn be menely & softly movyd & all þat is þarein, bod principaly þe cercle, quakys & quawes.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4914 : Alexander..fand a berne in a bedd..gayly begane with golden webbis..browde all with brent gold, full of briȝt aungels, Þe testre trased full of trones with trimballand wingis.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?a1500(?a1425) Boeth.Bk.Comfort (BodAuct F.3.5)2231/146 : Elde is comen unwarly upon me..and my flesch tremlith as a wommenis after childynge.
Note: New spelling 'tremlith' (3 sg. present) added to form section as 'tremlen'. Quot. presumably belongs to sense 2.(a).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 2.(b)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. trembling cardiacle.