In phrases with verbs of motion expressed or implied; —freq. used postpositively: (a) onward to and into (a place, country, heaven, hell, etc.); also, in comb. with adv.: up ~; ~ honde, into (someone's) hand; bringen ~ hous, to bring (sb.) home; also, with verb of motion unexpressed: techen us hom ~ oure halle, instruct us to return home to our dwelling; (b) from..~, from (one place) to (another); from..doun ~; from honde ~ honde, from side to side; henden..~, near (one place and) on to (another); (c) with obj. which is formally an action or a state, but which implies a physical place where such action is carried out or such a state obtains: ~ endeles joie, to (the place of) endless joy, to heaven; ~ helle pine, to (the place of) hell-pain, to hell; ~ laste ende, to (the place of one's) execution; ~ the houre of god, to (the place of) the service of the canonical hour; (d) into (a container, the earth); bringen ~ erthe, to bury (sb., the dead); (e) to (sb.), into the presence of, before; among (persons), into the midst of; up to (one's horse); callen (clepen) ~, to summon (sb.) to come or go to (sb., oneself); fallen (lopen) ~, fall upon (sb.), attack; gon ~, go to (sb.); also, resort to (a prostitute) [quot. a1400(c1303)]; (f) in the direction of (sb. or sth.), towards, at; in pursuit of (prey), after; rennen ~; smiten (striken) ~; (g) in construction with noun obj. in comb. with ward: ~ heven ward, toward heaven; ~ oure contre ward, toward our country; ~ seinte jon ward, toward St. John; (h) ben ner cominge ~, of events: to be soon to come upon (the world); comen ~, of aid or help: come to (sb.).

In phrases expressing extension in space: as far as (a place, part of the body, etc.); doun ~ fet, down to (one's) feet; from..~, from (the top of the head, fingertip, etc.) to (toe, fingertip, etc.); from..up ~, from (earth) up to (heaven); also, with adv. as quasi-noun obj.: from..~ binethen, from (the loins) to beneath; with prep. phrase as obj.: ~ under the chin, (the forehead) down to under the chin.

In phrases expressing proximity in space or place: (a) at (a place), to; haven ~ hous, to have (sb.) over to (one's) house, entertain (sb.) at (one's) home; (b) in phrases expressing attachment: to (sth.); teien ~; (c) near (sth.); neigh ech on ~ other, each one close to another [cp. neigh to phr.]; haven ~ honde, to have (sth.) to hand, have (sth.) nearby; serven ~ honde (and fot, wait on (sb.) hand and foot, be entirely at (someone's) service; (d) in (a part of the body), within.

In phrases expressing nonspatial direction, development, etc.: (a) to (a state, condition, plight, state of belief, etc.); ben brought ~ even, to be reconciled; taken ~ sorwe, take to sorrow, be habitually sorrowful;—used postpositively; (b) to (an act, course of action, way of life, etc.); taken ~ counseil, to follow advice; (c) to (sin, a vice); (d) to (oneself, one's heart); taken ~, to take (sb.) to (one's heart), love (sb.); also, take (sth.) to (heart), be affected by; taken ivel ~ herte, take (a remark) with ill grace, take amiss; (e) to (a conclusion, an end); driven ~ ende, to drive (sb.) to destruction, destroy (sb.); (f) ~ hider, to this point in a discussion or text.

(a) In phrases expressing commitment, devotion, etc.: to (sb.); holden (taken, trusten) ~; (b) in phrase expressing reference: maken remissioun from..~, to make cross reference from (one synonym) to (another).

In phrases expressing or implying a change, conversion, transformation, etc.: into (sb. or sth. different), to (a different state, form, quantity, etc.); chaungen (turnen, wenden) ~; brennen ~, to burn (sb. or sth.) to (ashes); sethen ~ a potelle, boil (sth.) down to half a gallon; sethen from a potelle ~ a quarte, boil (sth.) down from half a gallon to a quart, reduce (sth.) by half by boiling it.

In temporal senses: (a) continually until (a time, an event, occasion, etc.); up to the time of (an occurrence, event, etc.); until (a specified day, time, season, etc.); ~ deces (ded, ende), until (someone's) death; from..~, from (morning) till (evening); from the time of (Christ) till (now); from houre ~ houre, from one hour to the next, hour after hour; from thethen ~ lifes ende, from then until the end of (someone's) life; also, with adv. as quasi-noun obj.: ~ amorwen, until morning; ~ eft-sones, until a later time, until later; ~ longer after, until longer afterwards; ~ thanne, until that time, until then; ~ whanne, until what time, until when; (b) in context with a negative: ~ nou..not, not..before now, not..hitherto; also, with adv. as quasi-noun obj.: nevere..~ thanne, never..before then; (c) with prep. phrase as obj.: ~ after thre daies, until three days have passed; ~ ayenes the dauninge, until near dawn; ~ in the morninge (on the morn), until in the morning (on the morn); ~ on god fri-dai; weren ~ on ende, to use (a horse) until the end of its days, keep (a horse) for life; (d) with clause as obj.: ~ eft that, until (sb.) again (does sth.); ~ neigh that, until (sb.) almost (did sth.); ~ thanne (thanne that, whanne), until when (sb. does sth., sb. becomes old, etc.); (e) in elliptical phrases: until the time of (sb. or sth.), until the appearance of (sb.); ~ cristes rode, until the time of Christ's crucifixion; from..~, from the time of (sb.) until the time of (sb. else), during the period from the appearance of (sb.) until the appearance of (sb. else); (f) until the attainment of (a certain year of age); (g) on the occasion of (a baptism), at the time of; (h) in expressions denoting proximity in time: ben ~ ende, of a reign: to be at (its) end; ben boun ~ endinge, be near to (one's) death.

In subordination to (sb. or sth.), in obedience to, subject to, under; also, in service to (sb. or sth.);—freq. used postpositively; in selected phrases: ben ~ biddinge, to be under (some one's) control; ben ~ hething, be subject to contempt, be scorned; ben bounden ~, be subject to (love), be dominated by; bouen ~, bow or kneel in subjection to (sb.), make obeisance to; also, submit to (sth., God, God's will); consenten ~, accede to (sb.); driven ~ hething (scorn), subject (sb.) to ridicule, hold up to scorn; folwen ~, serve (sb.); louten ~, bow to (sb. or sth.) in reverence, submit to (sb., God); serven ~, serve (God); also, act in accordance with the will of (God) [quot. a1400]; also, of a vein: serve (a part of the body); yelden ~, yield to (sb.).

(a) Into the possession of (sb.); into the power of (sb.), under control of;—sometimes used postpositively; geten ~ him, taken ~ him (him-self), to take (sth.) to himself, acquire for himself, keep for himself; (b) into possession of (sth.).

(a) For the benefit of (sb. or sth., oneself), for; (b) in provision for (a future event), for, against.

(a) In accordance with (sth.), according to, after; (b) in response to (a cry).

As (sb. or sth.), in the capacity of, for.

To the point of (sth.); laughen ~ hething, to laugh (sb.) to scorn.

(a) With (a state of mind or disposition); taken word ~ hething, to receive (someone's) words with contempt; (b) in phrase: ~ on, in the same way, consistently, steadfastly.

In constructions expressing the indirect object or other dative relationship;—sometimes used postpositively: (a) with verbs of giving, granting, providing, etc.: to (sb. or sth.), for; remaindren ~, to devolve upon (sb.); also, with inf.: graunten ~, grant to (sb. to do sth.); (b) with verbs of saying, speaking, telling, enjoining, preaching, etc.: to (sb., one's heart); chargen (commaunden) ~, to enjoin (law, deeds) upon (sb.); also, with inf.: senden ~ us, send word to us (to do sth.); (c) with verbs of showing, revealing, demonstrating, making known, etc.: to (sb., someone's eyes); (d) with verbs of belonging, pertaining, befalling, etc.: to (sb. or sth.); fallen ~, to be the concern of (sb.); longen ~, belong to (the church), be the concern or duty of (an office); also, with inf.: be incumbent upon (sb. to do sth.); (e) with verbs expressing addition: to (sth.); amounten ~, to amount to (a specified sum), add up to; taken ~, add (reasons) to (other reasons); (f) with verbs of assigning, ordaining, etc.: to (sb. or sth.), for; assignen (ordeinen, setten) ~; (g) with verbs of likening, comparing, equaling, etc.: to (sb. or sth.); comen ~, to match (sb.), equal; liknen ~, liken (sb. or sth.) to (sth.), compare; also, be like (sth.) [quot. c1400 (?c1380)]; (h) with verbs of behaving, intending, etc.: toward (sb. or sth.), to; don ~; menen ~, have a design for (sb.), intend for; (i) with misc. verbs and verb phrases: accorden ~, to accord with (sth.); apperen ~, appear to (sb.); beden ~, extend (mercy) to (sb.); ben assured (sworen) ~, be pledged in matrimony (sworn) to (sb.); don remedie ~, effect a cure for (a sickness); foryeven ~, offer forgiveness to (sb.); gladen (joien) ~, exult unto (God); loken ~, look upon (sb., oneself); marien ~, arrange a marriage for (sb.) to (sb.), marry (sb.) off to (sb.); noien ~, do harm to (sb.); obeien ~, be subject to (sth.); shinen ~, shed light upon (sb., the world), shine down upon; taken entente (kep, tente) ~, tenden ~, yeven kep ~, pay attention to (sb. or sth.), give heed to; taken hed ~, take heed to (sth.); also, be concerned for (one's end); taken knouleche ~, acknowledge (sb.) as a superior; werken ~, work (deceit) against (sb.); yeven treuth ~, put credence in (a practice).

In constructions expressing the relationship between certain adjectives and nouns and the person or thing to which their application is limited: to (sb. or sth.), for, unto, with respect to [the precise gloss is highly contextual];—sometimes used postpositively: (a) with selected adjectives: boun (nemel) ~, ready for (sth.); buxom (obedient) ~, obedient to (sb., God); commune ~, common to (persons, each person), shared by, held or enjoyed jointly by; ded ~, dead to (men's sight), apparently dead; enamoured ~, enamored of (sb.); even ~, equal to (God); familier ~, familiar to (sb.); god ~, good to (sb.); good for (sth.); impossible ~, impossible for (sb.); kinde (joiful, etc.) ~, kind (pleasing, etc.) to (sb.); lege ~, owing allegiance to (a law); lik ~, like unto (sb., God); open ~, open to (God's brightness); subget ~, subordinate to (sb. or sth.), subject to; unknouen ~, unknown to (sb.); worth ~, efficacious for (sb.); also, with adj. and pron. obj. in comb. with ward: wrathe ~ him ward, angry towards him; (b) in constructions following prep. phrase which functions as adj.: ben of kin ~, to be akin to (sb.), be related to; ben of the ferthe degre of kin ~, be of the fourth degree of kinship with (sb.), be related in the fourth degree to; (c) with selected nouns: felaue ~, fellow to (sb.); gaȝhen ~, profit to (sb.); god leche ~, fig. good physician to (sb.); longinge ~, desire for (Jesus), longing after; love (lovinge) ~, love for (sb., God); on kin ~, one blood with (sb.), akin to; pine ~, a torment to (sb.); worshipe ~, honor to (sb.); (d) in constructions following adj. or noun with inf.: a heven ~, a supremely blissful sight for (sb. to see); lefful ~, proper for (sb. to do sth.); unselthe ~, unhappiness for (sb. to suffer).