Used for an animate antecedent (a person, group of persons, an animal, or a bird) in a restrictive rel. clause: (a) as subj.: who, that;—sg. & pl.; sometimes with antecedent in the possessive; ~ that; (b) as subj., used as complement of ben in exclamatory expressions: that; (c) as direct obj.: whom, that;— sg. & pl.; (d) as obj. of prep.: whom;—sg. & pl.; also, with ellipsis of prep.: of whom, for whom, to whom.

Used for an animate antecedent (a person, group of persons, an animal, or a bird) in a nonrestrictive rel. clause: (a) as subj.: who, that;—sg. & pl.; (b) as direct obj.: whom; (c) as obj. of prep.: whom;—sg. & pl.; also, with ellipsis of prep.: to whom.

Used for an animate antecedent (a person or an animal): (a) in combination with pers. pron.: as subj.: ~ he (thei), ~..he (thei), who; which; as direct obj.: ~..him, whom; as obj. of prep.: ~..after hire, in conformity with whom; ~..on hire, on whom; ~..toward hem, against whom; (b) in combination with poss. pron.: ~ his, ~..his (theire), whose.

Used for an inanimate antecedent (a thing, word, an attribute, etc.) in a restrictive rel. clause: (a) as subj.: which, that;—sg. & pl.; also as complement of ben; (b) as direct obj.: which, that;—sg. & pl.; (c) as obj. of prep.: which, that;—sg. & pl.; also, with ellipsis of prep.: by which, in which, of which, with which, etc.

Used for an inanimate antecedent (a thing, an action, a feeling, condition, etc.) in a nonrestrictive rel. clause: (a) as subj.: which, that;—sg. & pl.; (b) as direct obj.: which, that;—sg. & pl.; (c) as obj. of prep.: which;—sg. & pl.; ~ that.

(a) Used for a temporal antecedent and introducing a clause of time: in which, at which, on which, when; (b) used for a locational antecedent and introducing a clause of place: in which, where; from which, whence; by which; also as obj. of prep. [quot. c1450].

Used for an inanimate antecedent (a thing, an action, attribute, etc.): (a) in combination with pron.: as subj.: ~ he (hit), ~..he (hit), which, that; ~ som, some of which; as direct obj.: ~..hem (hine, hit), which; as obj. of prep.: ~..bi than, by which; ~ of hit, of which; (b) in combination with adv.: ~ (..) ther, where; ~..ther-from, from which; ~..ther-inne, in which; ~ (..) ther-of, of which; ~..ther-to, to which.

As an independent relative, chiefly generalizing or indefinite, referring to a person;—used as subj. in a rel. clause: (a) with rel. clause functioning as subj. of main clause: he who, the one who, anyone who; thou who; pl. those who; you who; also with rel. clause in apposition to subj. of main clause; (b) with rel. clause functioning as direct obj. in main clause: him who, her who, them who, those who; also as obj. of prep. [quot. a1450]; also, following as: one who [1st quot.]; (c) with rel. clause functioning as indirect obj. or as dat. of reference or interest: to him who, to the one who; to those who; for him who [quot. 1340]; ?to one who [quot. a1420]; also with rel. clause in apposition to dat. in main clause [1st quot.].

As an independent generalizing or indefinite relative referring to a person;—used as direct obj. in a rel. clause (with rel. clause functioning as a direct obj. or obj. of prep. in main clause): those whom, whomever.

As an independent generalizing or indefinite relative referring to a thing, an action, a phenomenon, etc.;—used as subj. in a rel. clause: that which, what; whatever; pl. the things that, those which: (a) with rel. clause functioning as subj. of main clause or another dependent clause; also with rel. clause in apposition to hit or that in main clause; (b) with rel. clause functioning as direct obj. in main clause; also with rel. clause in apposition to hit in main clause; (c) with rel. clause functioning as obj. of prep. in main clause; (d) in parenthetic clauses: ~ more is, what is more; ~ sutellicor is, what is more certain.

As an independent generalizing or indefinite relative referring to a thing, an action, a word, etc.;—used as direct obj. in a rel. clause: that which, what; whatever; pl. those which: (a) with rel. clause functioning as subj. of main clause; also with rel. clause in apposition to al, hit, or subj. of main clause; (b) with rel. clause functioning as direct obj. in main clause; also with rel. clause in apposition to hit in main clause; (c) with rel. clause functioning as obj. of prep. in main clause; ?also, with ellipsis of prep.: of that which, in respect of what [quot. c1330].

As an independent generalizing or indefinite relative referring to a thing, an action, etc.;—used as obj. of prep. in a rel. clause, with rel. clause functioning as direct obj. or obj. of prep. in main clause: (a) that which, what; also with rel. clause in apposition to al in main clause [1st quot.]; (b) with ellipsis of prep.: that in which; that into which; that to which.

?As interrog. pron.: what.