Middle English Dictionary Entry
tāme adj.
Entry Info
Forms | tāme adj. Also tam, (chiefly early SW or SWM) tom(e; comp. (early SW or SWM) tommere, -ure, tomre. |
Etymology | OE tam, tom, oblique tam-, tom-. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. hand-tame adj.
1.
Of an animal: (a) living under the care of or habituated to humans, domesticated, domestic;—also used of man as a creature [quots. a1398 (1st) & a1400]; also, as noun: domestic animals, domestic fowls; (b) tamed from a wild state, made tolerant of human presence; maken ~, to tame (a wild creature); (c) docile; gentle by nature; also, in conventional comparisons: ~ as a culver; ~ as (like) a lomb; maken ~, to soothe (an animal), calm; (d) of a hound: not diseased, not rabid; of a serpent: harmless.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)174 : He [God] made on werlde al erue tame, Ðe sulde him [Adam] her in swinkes strif To fode and srud to helpen ðe lif.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)221 : God brogt adam..Ilc kinnes beste of erðe..And fugel an fis, wilde and tame.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)13 : Vor englode is vol inoȝ of frut & ek of tren..Of foweles & of bestes, of wilde & tame also.
- c1330 Horn Child (Auch)554 : A morwen Horn to hunting is gan, To take þe wilde wiþ þe tam.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)259a/b : Somme bestes beþ ..alway tame, as man, mule, and þe goot..Of alle kynde of tame bestes some beþ founde wilde, as a wilde man, a wilde fox, wilde hors.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)261b/b : Fleisshe of wilde bestes is lasse sauory and norischeþ lasse þan fleissh of tame bestes [L domestica].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)272a/a : The bee hatte apis..And some beþ feeld been..And somme beþ tame [L vrbane].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)25430 : Of all þin sandes [Frf: bestis] wild and tam, Man þou scop and gaf him nam.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)362 : Sone com þe sevenþe day when samned wern alle, And alle woned in þe whichche, þe wylde and þe tame.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)121/94 : Þis is the same..whare þat lorde is layde, Be-twyxe two bestis tame.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)254/31 : Þe tame catt brenneþ ofte his fel, and so doþ not þe wilde catt.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)487 : Abraham..Þou sall haue welth of wyld and tame.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)168/193 : I am ful glad..to offre to god..As in my sonys name With ffowlys bothe wylde and tame.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38)45 : Bestys faght as þey were wode, Bothe wylde and tame wyth myght.
b
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2186 : Aboute this kyng ther ran on euery part Ful many a tame leoun and leopart.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6026 : Thus ben the Sostres briddes bothe And ben toward the men so lothe That thei ne wole of pure schame Unto no mannes hand be tame.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)259a/b : Somme bestes beþ alway wilde..and some beþ soone y-made tame, as þe Olifaunt.
- a1400(?c1280) SLeg.Nativ.M&C (Stw 949)698 : Of me it is ywrite þat ich scholde wilde þing make tame.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)4077 : Hyt was weyl kyde Þat Florens had a tame bere.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3864 : This tame Tygre..Into the felde wildly out ran.
- a1425 NHom.(3) Leg.Suppl.Hrl.(Hrl 4196)46/99 : Wilde bestes..sal be made tame When þai here me neuin Cristes name.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)486 : Tamyd [Win: Tame], or made tame: Domitus.
- c1450(c1375) Chaucer Anel.(Benson-Robinson)315 : Is that a tame best that is ay feyn To fleen away when he is lest agast?
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)849 : Þe bischop had a bryd in hall..It was sa tame..It walde of him be graped and fedde.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Jas.(LdMisc 108)183 : Þe Bollokes and þe ȝoungue steores þat weren er so wilde, Anon so huy touward heom come, huy woxen tame and milde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.1058 : He song, that he the bestes wilde Made of his note tame and milde, The Hinde in pes with the Leoun.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11628 : Al þe bestes þat ar wild For me most be tame [Frf: meke] and mild.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3847 : Lik a lombe was this Tygre tame.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)412/868 : Kyng Edmond hadde..A wolff to keepe hym; there was no lamb more tame.
- a1450 SLeg.Silv.(2) (Bod 779)295 : Þe bole ȝede fram on to on & be-com wel swyþe tame.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)268/23 : Whanne þou fyndest þis ground of obedyens & felyst it, þanne it makyth þe tame as a lambe, þere wretthe made þe first ferse & wylde as a lyoun.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.304 : Ȝif it [horse] be tame to his mayster and wel techyd, it schal don hym worchepe.
- a1500(a1450) Ashmole SSecr.(Ashm 396)80/30 : Man..is as..prive and tame as a colver, rogh and gylefull as a fox.
d
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3360 : Þer is a worme..Bufo..And whan men wil..make him tame And his venym outerly represse, Þei take a squille..And..a-geyn þe wormes hed Þei holden it, til þat he be ded.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)55b/b : A wounde þat is biten wiþ a wood hound muste oþirwise ben y-heelid þan it þat is biten wiþ a tame hound.
2.
(a) Of a plant, tree, fruit, etc.: cultivated; also, as noun: a cultivated variety of a plant; (b) of a land or place: civilized, settled; also, as noun: settled land.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)209a/a : Some trees & herbes groweþ..in gardyns and beeþ tame trees and herbes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)232a/b : Letuse hatte lactuca..þerof is double kynde: wilde and tame..þe tame letuse is cold and moyste.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)241b/a : Tame peres grene and nouȝt rype beþ soure, grete, and harde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)242b/b : Pvlegium..is double: þe tame, þat hatte Sisibrium, & þe wilde, and eyther is profitable and medicynable.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)243b/b : Þe rose is double: oon is tame [L domestica] and groweþ in gardyns; anoþer is wilde and groweþ in woodes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)258a/b : Zedoarium is hoot and druye, & þe tame is best.
- c1400 Daniel *Herbal (Arun 42)f.15r : Tame garlek neuermor or selde is funden in medicyn in antidotarijs.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)72b : Sawgge ys of ij maner, tame and wilde.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)62b/a : Þer suffiseþ domestice attractyuez & maturatiuez as beþ onyons, wilde garlecke & tame.
- a1450(1408) Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)180/17 : Of cipresse and of vyr and of pyne tre, bothe wylde & tame, þou maist make þi galeyes.
b
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)749 : Me semyth that ryght were..To gete that lond..And all this worde Dominus of name Shulde have the grounde obeisaunte, wylde and tame, That name and peple togedere myght accorde And all the grounde subjecte to the lorde.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11172 : Ys þou not he, þat same þat gayrs my land be lorn and wastes both wyld and tame?
3.
(a) In a state of subjection, physically subdued, overcome, defeated; also, bested in a contest [1st quot.]; maken ~, to subdue (sb.), overcome (sb., a nation) in battle; reduce (sb.) to a state of subjection; (b) maken ~, fig. to subdue (the flesh), restrain (lechery), bring under control (men governed by the flesh); (c) maken ~, to render (sb.) harmless; (d) economically subordinate; maken ~; (e) fig. brought low in fortune.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)69/610 : Ȝef he com in place, nere he neuer so prud þet he ne talde him al tom er he turnde him from us.
- a1350 Flem.Insur.(Hrl 2253)122 : Alas! þou seli fraunce, for þe may þunche shome, þat ane fewe fullaris makeþ ou so tome; sixti þousent on a day hue maden fot-lome.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)198/4185 : Þo cride þe Sarasins..'Þis Beues wiþ his grete bones Ful sone worþ imaked tame!'
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)422 : Wid that last derthe com ther another shame, That ouhte be god skile maken us alle tame.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1189 : Ȝe lordes, þat han hem take..helpeþ him..þat þay ben maked tame, & namlich þis ilke chef feloun..Lokieþ he be in such prisoun þat sone he be distruyed.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mark 5.4 : Oft tymes he..hadde brokun the stockis to smale gobetis, and no man miȝte daunte or make tame [L domare] hym.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)342 : Þan Emenyduse hym mete and made hym full tame, And girdes Gadyfere to the grounde..And there that doughty was dede.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)17890 : When þe terrand herd tell no thyng myȝt make þem tame, he was more fers and fell.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)1794 : Next, personys valiaunt..That vre haue had to make her foomen tame, Sette hem theryn.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)8151 : Togedur þey smeten to make þem tame; On ther bodyes þey dud schame.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)75/23 : Na þing ne awealdeð wilde flesch ne ne makeð hit tomre [Cleo: tommere; Nero: tommure] þen muche wecche.
- c1400 Bk.Mother (Bod 416)97/19 : Fleshlich men..breken þer bondus and ungyuen þer affecciones, folewinge here lustis as þei weren hogges, And no man mai make hem tame, noþer wiþ loue of God ne wiþ drede of helle.
- a1425 HBk.GDei (Hnt HM 148)67/20 : Vigilia honestatis tabefaciet carnes: Nothing wille chast mans flesch more, ne makes more tame, þene mikell wakyng.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)26/16 : Fastinge..is full gude, desyres of fleschly lust forto kest downe And wylde lychery of mynde forto make taame.
- a1450 The tixt of holy writ (Dgb 102)98 : My soule..acordid wiþ Ihesu..And sayde y [flesh] shulde be maked tame.
c
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)30 : He fond a knyȝt whar he lay..J-sclayne and made full tame.
d
- a1500 ECom.Policy (Lnsd 796)29 : Paynymys also we myȝth mak theym ful tame.
e
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)278 : Yow, hardy knyghtes..ye oghte have som compassioun Of my disese, and take hit not a-game; The proudest of yow may be mad ful tame.
- a1500 How mankinde dooþ (Fil)114 : Envye sayde, 'Y wil þe lere To charme folke to þey be tame.'
4.
(a) Of a person, the heart: meek, gentle-natured; tractable; compliant; also, intent on homely activities, domestically inclined; civilized; (b) as noun: one who is mild-natured or gentle; (c) well disposed (toward sb.), favorably inclined; (d) med. of a medicinal preparation: gentle-acting, mild in its effects.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1482 : Wexen boden ysaac sunes..and adden sundri wunes: Esau wilde man, huntere, And Iacob tame man, tiliere.
- a1350 Iesu suete is (Hrl 2253)88 : Make myn herte milde & tame.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3481 : Al were this Onedake wilde or tame, He gat namoore of hire.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.3031 : He was humble and tame.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.4206 : He..be-cam oon of þe companye Of Lovis folke..Whan Cupide maked hym ful tame And brouȝt him lowe to his subieccioun.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)3/60 : Þare was crakked many a crowne Of wild Scottes and alls of tame.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)9/11 : Wel worth þe wand þat makiþ wilde childer tame.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)36.408 : Blynde men he maketh to sen..the dombe to speke..the woode man he Maketh tame Also.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)530 : Aftur qwen abraham was old A c wynters, then wex he tame.
- 1457 Libeaus (Naples 13.B.29)289/64 : Whan Y was tame at home [Lamb: while J was at home, My moder, on hir game, Clepped me Bewfice].
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.715,726 : Dyuers causis dryueth a wylde man to be tame: Hungre..and stryffe; And nede is cause of this..She..putteth hem from fre wyll..Thus nede a wilde man maketh full tame, ffor the grettest preson most grevous and ille Is a man to be restreyned of his free wille.
- c1475 Bk.Physiog.(Cmb Ll.4.14)224 : Heere donn, þicke, and grette betokeneth [a man] gretteliche liberall and meke & tame.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)93/2 : By right..kynges er stabyld, and subgitȝ er obeissant & tame [L domesticantur].
b
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1444 : Hit nuste neauer hwat hit was, For þi hit þohte fondi was [Jes-O: þas] An wite iwis hwuch beo þe gome Þat of so wilde makeþ tome.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)191/50 : Saule..i-baptized was; powel was is name; Wel auȝten men herien þane god þat of þe wilde makez þe tame!
c
- c1450 How mankinde dooþ (Lamb 853)162 : Quod enuie þanne, 'y wole þee leere To make þi lord to þee tame.'
d
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)23b/b : It bihoueþ for to resolue þe materie & for to euapore it with diaforetics, i. apertiuez, noȝt bityng, but homely or tame.
5.
In generalizing phrases, often as rime tag with diminished force: (a) ~ and wilde, of all sorts; (b) as noun: bothe fremed and ~, bothe) wilde and ~, everyone, all people; every creature; everything; neither wilde ner ~, nothing; of wilde and of ~, of everyone; bothe of ~ and wilde, of wilde and ~, of everything.
Associated quotations
a
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)16679 : Aman..bad both wyf and chyld bow to þis bydyng, And þare gudes, tame and wyld, be for feyt to þe kyng.
b
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)355 : Muche was þe blisse & muche was þe gome In water & in londe of wilde & of tome.
- c1390 St.Greg.(Vrn)2/9 : Alle þat beþ, wilde and tame, Lustneþ me ar ȝe henne go.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.529 : Now al is wel, for al the world is blynd In this matere, bothe fremde [vr. wild] and tame.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14374 : We take here of goddes hand all werldly welth to weld at wyll..God gyf [vr. gyves] vs here certayn to weld both wyld and tame And takes yt agayn.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14752 : Yf yt sall be..þat þo in hell sall haue þer hame þat lyfes in lust..and hath all welth of wyld and tame..þem [read: þen] to your self sall fall þe same.
- a1500(a1400) Cleges (Adv 19.1.11)116 : All that euer cam in Thy name Wantyd neythyr wyld nere tame That was in my lond; Of rech metis and drynkkys good That myȝt be gott, be the rode, For coste i wold not lend.
- c1500(?c1450) Wedding Gawain (Rwl C.86)624 : I trowe ye may wete inowghe ther was, Bothe of tame and wylde; In king Arthours courte ther was no wontt That myghte be gotten withe mannys hond Noder in fforest ne in feld.
6.
Anat. & med. Of a fistula: inner, interior; also, as noun: a bone in inner position.
Associated quotations
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)19b/a : In it bene 2 bonez seid focilez: þe more is on þe forþer partie & þe tame [Ch.(2): homely; L domestica], i. withinforþ or inward partie..descendyng fro þe knee vnto þe fote makyng þe innermore ancle.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)89b/a : It shal be said..Of fistula lacrimali homely or tame [L domestico] by side the nose.