Middle English Dictionary Entry
swēten v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | swēten v.(1) Also swet(e, swette, swhete, squete & (early) swæten, (SWM) sweaten & (?error) swedte; sg.2 swast; sg.3 sweteth, etc. & (early SW or SWM) swet, sweat; p.sg.2 swettest, swattest; sg.3 swete(d, swet(te, squet(t)e & swat(te, squat, (early SWM) sweatte; ppl. sweted(e, swet(te, swat. |
Etymology | OE swǣten |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. bisweten v., swoten v., iswate ppl.
1.
(a) To perspire, sweat; also fig.; of something in the hand: become sweaty [quot. a1500(c1410)]; swelteren and ~; ~ bihinden, ?sweat down the back [transl. of L desuere prob. misunderstood as desudare]; ~ oute, exude sweat, perspire; ppl. swetinge, perspiring; (b) ppl. swetinge, promoting or inducing therapeutic sweating; swetinge oute; (c) to bleed, sweat blood [quot. c1400 may be an error for swet(e adj.]; also fig.; ~ of blod; ~ oute; (d) to exude (sweat, blood, blood and water, etc.); also fig.; ~ oute; maken to ~ blod, cause (sb.) to bleed; (e) of blood or other bodily fluid: to flow; of a wound: suppurate, ooze; ~ oute; (f) to drool; weep, cry; also, shed (a tear); (g) to exert oneself, labor [often difficult to distinguish from (a), to which some quots. may belong]; with inf.: exert oneself (to do sth.), labor (to do sth.); also, get (sth.) by hard work, work for; ~ and swinken, swinken and ~, etc.; ppl. swetinge as adj., of work: hard, laborious.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)33/19 : He ongan þa befigen & blachigen & ungefohlice swæten & mid mycelen reame fyrstes bidden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9878 : Of þan watere he dronc & sone he gon sweten.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)184/18-19 : Hwen þe heaued sweat [Nero: swet; Tit: sweates] wel þet lim þe ne swet nawt, Nis hit uuel tacne.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)184/26 : Cwemeð he nu wel godd þe þus bilimeð him of him seolf þurh þet he nule sweaten?
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1716 : Moniman..Deþ his iuo for arehþe swete.
- c1300 SLeg.(Hrl 2277)529/430 : Hi sturte anon & nome him vp; hi swatte alle for drede.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)142/178 : Þis monk swatte for drede.
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)240 : M. for trauayle swetith [F sue].
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)5753 : For Angre sake þanne he swatte.
- c1390 Psalt.Mariae(1) (Vrn)903 : He sweted In his gret Agonye.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3702-3 : For youre loue I swete ther I go; No wonder is thogh that I swelte and swete; I moorne as dooth a lamb after the tete.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11872 : Quen þat it [bath] has had an hete, Cast him þar-in al for to suete [Frf: squete].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15626 : For þe mikel drednes o ded, his hali flesche al suett [Frf: squette].
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)9.241 : With swynke and with swot and swetynge face By-tulye and by-trauaile treuly oure lyf-lode.
- c1400 Aelred Inst.(1) (Vrn)841 : For anguyssche þu swast..grevously.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)20b/b : Desueo: swete byhynde [Add 33534: bihinde sweten, a consuetudine cessare].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)114a/a : After þat he haue swet [Ch.(2): haþ swetede] somwhat in þe baþ, be he wasshed with water and he shal be heled.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)315/34 : Folwyngly I enoynte ham with medecynes þat maken to swete out [L dyaforeticis].
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn)25/9 : He þat trauells..swettes hertly.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)15730 : Þe ffeuere agu ful sore hym hatte, But sone he chared & wel swatte.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)358 : I brenne with feruence and with hete..And þuruȝ myn axcesse..I sweltre and swete.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)137/19 : The hunter must all day renne & folow hys howndes travelyng & swetyng ful soyr.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)124/10 : They saide vnto hym that he shulde be all hole..after that he had slepte and swette.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1813 : Beryn swat for angir.
- c1475 My dere sone wher (RwlPoet 143)532 : He swetes þat hit rennes downe þorgh his clees.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.290 : Leet þin elmesse swetyn in þin hond til þu fynde hym to whom þu must ȝeuyn.
- a1500 Bod.EMisc.Lapid.(BodEMisc e.558)25/61 : Hit colith a man that hathe to moche hete in his body and that swhetith euermoche.
- a1500 Man vpon mold (BodPoet e.1)35 : I warne þe com not þer but þi purse may swete.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)8609 : Þe body sweteþ inward for hote..And þat swoot mengeþ wiþ the pisse, And þerfore also salt it isse.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10201 : Achilles for angur angardly swat.
b
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)83/20 : Þe mater..is voyded..nouȝt only by swetynge [*Ch.(1): diaforetic, i. apertiuez] farmacies but by repercussyues.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)106/2 : Medecynes..hauynge medlede vertue, þat is to say repercussyf and dyaforetik, i. swetynge out [L diaforeticam], ben to putte vppon þe place or it be broken oute.
c
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)161 : As vre louerd hine ybed, he bi-gon to swete, Þat blod orn adun of hym, dropes swyþe grete.
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)378 : Pilates..hyne heyhte bete, Þat al his swete likame of blode gon to swete.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)829 : In Ierusalem þus my lemman swatte, Twyez for lombe watz taken þare By trw recorde of ayþer prophete.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)63a/a : Blode forsoþ is shewed out..ouþer þe tunicle of hem diuised or opned after þe ende; Or þe vessellez ibristed, as if..somwhat sudant, i. swetyng [Ch.(2): swetynge out; L vr. exsudans].
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)332/361-2 : ii Mil.: Swyng to this swyre, to swiftely he swete. iii Mil.: Swete may þis swayne for sweght of our swappes!
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10279 : For whan þe herte haþ pitee of a þing, Anoon it falleþ in-to meltyng, And to swete it wole bigynne For tenderhed þat is þerynne.
d
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)60/3 : He..þolede sundri pine & deide ȝond al his bodi as he ear ȝond al his bodi deaðes swat sweatte.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)184/20 : He þe is ure heaued sweatte blodes swat for ure secnesse.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1112 : Þe blody dropes rede Þou swattest..strong was þi drede.
- a1350 Iesu suete is (Hrl 2253)66 : Iesu..Loue þe made blod to sueten, for loue þou were sore ybeten.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.522 : Al the fyr and eek the bathes hete..made hir nat a drope for to swete.
- c1400(a1349) Rolle MPass.(1) (Cmb Ll.1.8)19/10 : Þou swattest blod for angwysche.
- c1400 WParadise (Hrl 1671)255.299/1 : At the hour of complyn thou swettest dropes of blod.
- (c1404) *Exch.Misc.Deed (PRO) (PRO)6-28c : Ȝyf þe abbot of seynt Jonys wulde hauyn swet a c libre as þe abbot of seynt Osyth dede, he schulde hauyn comyn hom.
- a1425(a1396) Maidstone PPs. (Wht)77 : Oure Lord..sweet blood and water clere.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)3/32 : Sche swatte watir.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)202/22 : An herte þat florischeþ by renewynge of grace sweteth out teeris of loue.
- a1450(c1400-25) Legat Serm.PD (Wor F.10)12/87 : His passiun was so peinywus þat he swette water & blood in eueri membre.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)427/41 : For all þe swette þat he swete with swyngis þei hym swang.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)263/944 : For man I swete bothe watyr and blode.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)394 : Make we now the sarsins red blod to swete.
- a1500 Mirk Fest.Revis.(Hrl 2247)72/12 : The vte day treis and herbis shall sweete blode.
e
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)33b/b : Þe blood þat is in þe arteries is..more sotile..for he schulde swete & wose out lustiliche by þe hard curtilles of arteries.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)39/37 : Superflue watrenes swette out fro þe place þat was wonte for to file many lynnen cloþes putte atwix.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)129/586 : Keuere him wel so þat þe sore swete wel.
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)62/11 : The blood swatte out of him and droppid doun by his both precious sidis.
- a1475 *Gilb.Angl.(Wel 537)290/16 : Þinship of þe blode..makiþ it to swete oute of þe veines.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)14a/b : Þe blood þat norischiþ þe lungis myȝte þe liȝtloker swete out of hem.
- a1500 Diseases Women(3) (Yale-M 47)43/266 : Blode..swetyth þorugh smale pours of þe veynes.
f
- c1440(?a1375) Abbey HG (Thrn)56/22 : Penance..ofte swetis with bitter teris for angyre of hir synnes.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)160/7 : Ganyngale..makyȝt a mannys mowth to swete.
- a1500(1413) ?Hoccl.Poems PS (Eg 615)p.xxiv/34 : Thu hast nought swet owt of thin eye one tere.
g
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3855 : To renne an c myle on my fete, Ne schal noman y-se me swete.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Eccl.2.19 : In my trauailes..I haue myche swat [L desudavi] & ben besy.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prol.Is.(Bod 959)42 : He to me ȝeelde mede in tyme to come þat wot me for þat thing to han swat [L sudasse] in þe teching of a straunge tunge.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1047 : Adam..suanc and suet [Frf: squat] and eue his wif.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)1.36 : Soche men..wollen neyþer swynke ne swete.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ezek.24.12 : It was swat bi myche trauel.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)55/28 : Bere þerfore esily and suffre þi teeris and þi swetynge labour.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)3/12 : In the felde of studiers..I haue swette and trauailed ful bisily.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11334 : A grett way is be fore þe grayd þat þe behoues both swett and swynke.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)732 : Cocus in þe kechine Squytheli con squete.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)212/16 : Þouȝ þou laboure and swete þerynne, I mai atteeme þee ful wel withoute birewing þat þou so doist.
- c1480 *Medulla (Pep 2002)240a : Sudo: to swedte or travell.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)126/312 : Thay..swynke and swette All the long day.
- a1500 All that I may (BodPoet e.1)p.272 : All that I may swynk or swet, My wyfe it wyll both drynk and ete.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10948 : To swete and swynke þei ben ful loth.
2.
(a) To give off moisture; ~ ayen venim, exude moisture or liquid in the presence of a poison; (b) to form (moisture) on the surface; produce (nectar), exude (rosin, fluid) in drops; ~ oute, cause (a fluid) to drain from a tree; exude (oil); (c) to produce vapor, vaporize, distill; ~ oute, emit (a vapor); (d) ~ oute, to be separated (from a fluid).
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)80/5 : If venym or puyson be broȝt in place whare þe dyamaund es, alsone it waxez moyst and begynnez to swete.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.486 : This maner craft wol hold out of thi whete Gurgolions..The coriaunder leuis, lest hit swete, Is put theryn.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)95/29 : His bones clater..and his graue swetith before þe deth of a pope.
- a1500 Bod.EMisc.Lapid.(BodEMisc e.558)26/94 : The iasper..swhetith agayn venym.
- a1500 Bod.EMisc.Lapid.(BodEMisc e.558)36/384 : The eddyrtonges ben of dyuerse coloures..She shall swhete & þerfore she is put in brochis of goolde & of syluer afore prynces..at mete þat they may have knowlege of þe poyson.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)207b/b : Þis ston sweteþ water.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)250a/b : Therebintus..is a tree þat sweteþ rosyne.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)2.314 : Er than they floure al bare hem [almond trees] at the roote..Let make a kaue ille humour out to swete [L desudet].
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)5.1959 : It longeth to flowres swhiche lycoure for to swete.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)32/21 : His bonys in þe graue make dyn and swetyn out oyle in signe of mercy.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)62.142 (v.1:p.379) : God is myghty inough to yiue there watir ..; thei founde the crag somwhat swetyng.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)166/17 : Hard ston and þorne summe tyme swetyþe watyr.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)596 : Þe sonne..sent a-doun hire hete And makez þe wateres breþi up-riȝt as þei huy scholden swete.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)323b/a : Þilke [eggs] þat beþ yrosted aboue þe colis sweteþ out þe fumosite.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)2.424 : Take of this lauris bayis fele & grete And ripe; in sethyng water hem deiecte, So lete hem sethyng longe tyme swete.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)36a/b : Melencolia..is I-clepid þe drastis of blood more verreyliche þan [of] colera or of flewme, for it wosiþ & swetiþ out [L resudat et separatur] of blood as þe þicke of vrine.