Middle English Dictionary Entry
swan n.
Entry Info
Forms | swan n. Also swan(n)e, sqwan, (SWM) swon & (error) swayne; pl. swannes, etc. & (errors) swanniys, sannes. |
Etymology | OE swan, swon. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A bird of the genus Cygnus, esp. the mute swan (C. olor); also, a swan offered as a prize for victory in a wrestling match [quot. a1425 Dial.Reason & A.]; (b) in cpds. & combs.: ~ brid, a young swan, cygnet; ~ ei, a swan's egg; ~ herde, a keeper of domesticated swans; ~ penne, a pipe or tube the size of a swan's quill; ~ whit, as white as a swan, pure white; ~ wing purse, a purse made from a swan's wing; (c) a swan used as food; -- also coll.; poding de ~ nekke, the name of a dish; (d) in conventional comparisons and prov. expressions; also in implied comparison [3rd quot.]; (e) a swan as symbol of a person or the devil; (f) coll. swan feathers or quills.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Stw.57 Gloss.(Stw 57)412 : Cignus: Swan.
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)254 : Cine, [glossed:] suan, recifle.
- (1345-9) Wardrobe Acc.Edw.III(1) in Archaeol.3143 : Hay, hay, the Wythe swan; by godes soule I am thy man.
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)838 : Swan tissith.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.343 : Socrates..mette þat a swan lay on his kneen.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1930 : They been lyk Iouynyan, Fat as a whale and walkyng as a swan.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)146b/b : The swan..is al white in fetheres, for no man findir [read: findiþ] a blak swan.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)62 : A greihounde shuld haue a longe hede..þe neke grete and longe bowed as a swannes nek.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)27/25 : Men loue not to wrastele clothed for þe swan.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)45b/b : Olor: a swayne [Cnt: swanne].
- (1438) Will Norwich in Nrf.Archaeol.4329 : Evermore thys is my wyll, that alle my swannes and synettes..schall dwelle to the maner of Ingham, [etc.].
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)125/1 : In the dikis..arn gret noumbre of gees and mathelardis and swannys.
- a1450 Terms Assoc.(1) (Rwl D.328)603 : A herd of sannes [read: swannes].
- c1450(c1375) Chaucer Anel.(Benson-Robinson)346 : The swan [vr. swane]..Ayeins his deth shal singen his penaunce.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)143/17 : He schall se also þe ȝong swanniys [?read: swannys] & signetes folowyng þer Eyrours, Duckes, Cootes.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.348 : Be ware..What thow seiest to ony man; Syngge in oo note as doith a swan.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)214 : For fetherid arwes..Goos is the best..Except fetheris of Pekok or of Swan.
- a1500 When nettuls (BodPoet e.1)p.270 : Whan..swans be swyfter than haukes of the tower..Than put women in trust and confydens.
b
- ?a1300 StJ.List Trees (StJ-C E.17)p.155 : Swanbriddes, Oysouns, Geslingges.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)324a/b : The Swan eiren beþ many, grete, and euelonge wiþ harde schellis.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)21.215 : Ho couþe kyndeliche wit[h] colour discriue, Hif alle þe worlde where whit oþer swan-whit alle þynges?
- 1445 *Doc.(PRO) [OD col.] : Concesserimus..Johanni Neweman officium de Swanherde per totam aquam Thamisis.
- (1446) Will York in Sur.Soc.45103 : De viij swan weng pursez, iij s. iiij d.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)823 : To that turnement he woll bringe that daye..A Girfauk all swanne white.
- (1485) RParl.6.359b : Gilbert Gilpyn, of..the Office of Swanherd upon Thames.
- a1525(?1426) Cov.Leet Bk.108 : They ordeyn vppon a bill put to theym for þe Condyte that fro þe hedur-ende of þe Brige to þe hed of Cundyte..þat ther be no pype more then a swan penne.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Magd.(2) (LdMisc 108)344 : Huy nomen with heom in heore schip..Gies and hennes, crannes and swannes, and porc, motoun, and beof.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1726 : Biforn hem com þe beste mete..Kranes, swannes, ueneysun.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)3120 : Þer was venisoun of hert and bors, Swannes, pecokes, and botors.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.206 : A fat swan loued he best of any roost.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)58 : My polyle..is penne-fed..Wyth scheldez of wylde swyn, swanez, and cronez; Al is roþeled and rosted ryȝt to þe sete.
- a1425 Dur-U.Menus (Dur-U Cosin V.3.11)39.1/4 : Swannes rostyd.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)61 : Aloes de Roo, Puddyng de Swan necke, Vn Lechemete, [etc.].
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4276 : Haue we no cures of courte, ne na comite [read: cointe] sewes, Swanes ne na swete thing to swell oure wames.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.29 : Take þo offal and þo lyver of þo swan.
- a1486(c1429) Menu Banquet Hen.VI in Archaeol.57 (Mrg M 775)p.57 : Groos chare, Swannes, Capon stewed.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)461 : Sone he rauȝt to hym a pece ful of wyn, And to swannes that were y-bake wel and fyn.
- a1500 Hisp.SSecr.(Rwl C.83)8/6 : In..wintir conuenient it is to ete hote metis and dry, as..swanis, wilde foule.
d
- ?a1300 Maximian (Dgb 86)90 : Mi ler wes wiit so swon.
- a1350 Bytuene mersh (Hrl 2253)28 : Hire swyre is whittore þen þe swon.
- a1350 Most i ryden (Hrl 2253)43 : Hire teht aren white ase bon of whal..swannes swyre swyþe wel ysette, a sponne lengore þen y mette, þat freoly ys to fede.
- c1330 KTars (Auch)33/12 : Non feirer woman miȝt ben, As white as feþer of swan.
- ?c1350 Ballad Sc.Wars (Jul A.5)21 : His heved was wyte als any swan.
- c1390(?c1350) SVrn.Leg.(Vrn)7/212 : Þen hire eȝen wenten to geder And feir and clene as swannes feþer.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)4320 : He ys no more crystyn man Þan who so kallyþ a blak oxe swan.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17371 : Of angels an Had lifted a-way þat mikel stan, His clething als þe suan his [Göt: suannes] suire And his cher lik was slaght o fire.
- a1400 SMChron.(Add 19677)536 : Þe ilke kyng Aþelstan Hadde a soster so white so þe swan.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)16761 : Hir armes were white as swannes flawe.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)2749 : Ye moste chese you a love Of alle my maydyns, white as swan.
- ?1457 Hardyng Chron.A (Lnsd 204)p.745 : Iustyse of pese thay bene..As now on days men call the blacke oxe swan.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)56/166 : Desyre not þi neyborys wyff þow she be fayr and whyte as swan.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.B.973 : Thow may well be called a symple man As a man vse to meane a blak oxe, swan.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)1141 : For-thy dede is that white as swanne.
e
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)967/27 : By the whyght birde may men undirstonde the fynde, and I shall telle you how the swan ys whyght withoutefurth and blacke within.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.86 : Thanne sighed þe swymmers for þe swan failid And folwid þis faucon.
f
- (1459) Invent.Fastolf(2) in Archaeol.21262 : Item, viij Schefe Arrowys of swanne.
2.
(a) A representation of a swan embroidered or painted on fabric; also, a heraldic representation of a swan; -- used coll.; (b) the constellation Cygnus; (c) swanes tonge, the common hemp nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit).
Associated quotations
a
- (1352) Grocer Lond.(Kingdon)352 : Item, j vestment of blak cloth of golde, with swannes.
- (1399) Cal.Exch.in Palgrave Kalendars 3360 : ii rydell tut de drap d'or bleu ove swannys.
- (1420) *For.Acc.(PRO) 3 Hen.VI H dorso [OD col.] : viij Gitons videlicet..j de sancto Georgio..et j del swanne.
- (1433) Will York in Sur.Soc.3048 : Item, lego..Et Agneti Blakburn..unam zonam ornatam cum octo barres..et in le tusshewe swannes albas.
- (1447) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 11118 : Item, a chesebyll..& Amyte of blak silk wt swannes of gold embroudyd.
- (1467) Death Hen.V in Archaeol.65179 : ij bankers wrought wt antyloppys and Swannys.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)1481 : Har armes wer gowles & swan, Trappure & scheld.
b
- (1449) Metham AC (Gar 141)553 : Vndyr this harpe the Sqwan..Was plumyd with oryent margarytys.
c
- a1400 Alphita (SeldArch B.35)80/33 : Herba hircina, i. tetrahit, fetet ut hircus et est similis matris silue, foliis utimur: anglice, swanestonge.
3.
(a) In surnames; (b) in place names [see Smith PNElem.2.170]; also in names of inns and taverns.
Associated quotations
a
- [ (1066-86) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames340 : Suanneshals. ]
- (1176) in Pipe R.Soc.2559 : Hugo Suan.
- (1250) Close R.Hen.III283 : Henry le Swan.
- (1278-9) Hundred R.Tower 2368 : Joh. Swaneke.
- (1312) Pat.R.Edw.II533 : William Swanfot.
- (1328) Sub.R.Der.in Der.ANHSJ 3083 : Johes Swansswire.
- (1364) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames340 : Thomas atte Swan.
- (1410) Close R.Hen.IV42 : Swanherde.
- (1467) Paston (EETS)2.353 : William Swan of Basyngham.
b
- (1205) in Ekwall Dict.EPN434 : Suanemere.
- (c1245) in Ekwall Dict.EPN434 : Swanemere.
- (1280) in Ekwall ERN381 : Swanesture.
- (1406) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)7.180 : [40 s. quit rent issuing from a brewhouse inn called] le Swan on the Hope.
- (1423-4) Doc.Brewer in Bk.Lond.E.182/1318 : Richard Clerk, atte Swan yn Bassyngeshawe.
- (1424) Doc.Brewer in Bk.Lond.E.185/1386 : Roger Blissote, atte Swan ny seynt Nicholas Flesshameles, j barell.
- (1428) St.Alb.Chron.(1) in RS 28.5 pt.1 (Hrl 3775)30 : De hospitio de le Suanne.
- (1440) Doc.Kent in Bull.IHR 36 (PRO KB 27/715 m.19)88 : At an Inne called the herte and þe Swanne.