Middle English Dictionary Entry
stronglī adv.
Entry Info
| Forms | stronglī adv. Also strongeli, stronli, strang(e)li, stranliche, straung(e)li, (early SW) stroncliche & (error) stragliche; comp. stronglier, etc. & (error) stanglaker; sup. stronglieste, etc. & (K) stranglakest. |
| Etymology | OE stranglīce, stronglīce. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. strengeli adv.
1.
(a) With physical strength or force; vigorously, energetically; ~ imad, possessing physical strength, sturdily built; (b) loudly, stridently; vehemently; (c) soundly [last quot.]; heartily [quot. a1470]; blowen (souken) ~, to blow (suck) hard; (d) sturdily, solidly; (e) tightly, firmly; securely; also in fig. context; (f) populously.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(Hrl 2277)298 : Strangliche & harde ynou bi þe þrote he him nom.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Judg.5.26 : Sche smoot Sisara..and perside strongli [L valide] the temple.
- a1425 MChristi (Arun 286)47/30 : Þe first þing þat is nedeful is..þat he have a gode hors þat he may..sitte upon and stronly bere hym.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)178/20 : Þei schullen dyggen & mynen so strongly till þat þei fynden the ȝates.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)31/12 : Seþe þam..putte to of terebentyne..moue it strongly wiþ a spature vnto þat þe terebentyne be dronken in.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)424/18 : Rasis wille..þat þe place be rubbede with a rowhe cloþe..And afterward rubbe it stronglier with oynouns.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)85/20 : 4 þyngus þou schalt loke in an hors..ffurste..þat he be þicke..& strongliche I-made.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)19 : Men myght see how strongly the Kyng had holdyn hem by the throtes.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)959/33 : Sir Bors drew hys helme so strongely that he rente hit frome hys hede.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)212/5 : Alsuo ssolle we strangliche grede to god þet he ous loki uram þo þyeues.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.147 : I seiȝ an Aungel..he cried strongelich & seide, [etc.].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.8.19 : Secheþ of deuel cleperes & of deuynours þat sownen strongli in þer chauntingis.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Jer.4.5 : Singeþ with a trumpe in þe lond, crieþ strongli.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)85/25 : Then ye myght see Englisch, Scottysch..men showte and crye strongly vpon theym.
- ?c1475 *Trev.Nicod.(Sal 39)144a : Dauid cride stronglych and seyde, 'syng ȝe to oure lord a newe song.'
c
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)99a/a : Þe pacient schal holde his mouþe & his noseþrilles faste & blowe as strongelie as he maye.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)274/29 : There was mete fette for hym, and he ete strongly.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)85a/a : Lete him souke strongly þe same wounde.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)323 : Thei slepte strongeliche in the hoste.
d
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)147/20 : I þe fur..Þe chaliz þe wes..strongliche [Nero: stroncliche] iweallet..walde he..awearien his cleansing fur?
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3434 : Pauylouns were alle wiþinne Strongelich ytelt by gynne.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.8123 : Þe..schipes..her ankris caste, For þe werre strongly enbatailled.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.524 : He..Arived vp at a noble Ile..Where he bilt a cite strongly walled.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)16 : The farrements of the chaumbur wyndos..wer..strongli sowdid yn the stonys with moltyne lede.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)1165 : Ther was a brygge full strongly made.
e
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)9 : Al þet ileafule folc of iudeus..weren strongliche ibunden er ure drihten come to þisse liue.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)15/13 : Þe bere..ine þe armes halt strangliche and bint þet he heþ onder his uet.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)477 : My hasty hert..þat haþ him so strangly set in swiche straunge burne.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.577 : This constable..this place..kepte..strongly many wyntres space Vnder Alla, kyng of al Northumberlond.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)167/5 : Þese xxx boones..ben so strongeli [L firmiter] bounden togidere þat þei semeþ al oon boon.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.3739 : Kyng Priamus Commaunded haþ..Þoruȝ Troye toun..To shette her gatis strongly.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.11.2 : Alle thise thinges ben strongly bounden with ryght ferme resouns.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)59a/b : Þe herte schulde be strongelye festend and stonde stiflie in his owne place.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)410/744 : Hyngwar..Made the kyng strongly to be bounde.
- (1448) in Willis & C.Cambridge 28 : Thogh the seides John Veyse and Thomas Sturgeon be holden and strongely by their obligacion bownden to the forseid master Andrewe Dokett in an hundred pound..to be paied to hym, [etc.].
- c1450(?c1400) 3 KCol.(1) (Cmb Ee.4.32)44/3 : In þis hill is founde a precious stone..and þat hill is kept bysilich and stronglich of seruauntys þat longeþ to sowdan.
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)3a : Teyȝe hem stronglich þat thei breke nowth her haltres.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)166b/a : Þese woundis..schal be sunnere closid and fastere be gaderid togidere & þickere & strongliere sewid.
- a1480(c1450) Barlaam (2) (Peterh 257)42/1499 : Þes fals mamettis..þei kepe..strongely for thevys.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)738/2 : A knyȝte..had trespased And was taken & strongly en-prisonede.
- a1500 GRom.(Glo 42)740/4 : Þe deuelle..holdes suche a man so strongly bounde in his synnes, [etc.].
f
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)136/25 : Þat cyte is..stronglich enhabyted with peple in so moche þat in on hous men maken x housholdes.
2.
With spiritual strength, steadfastly, resolutely; also, with intellectual vigor.
Associated quotations
- a1150(c1125) Vsp.D.Hom.Fest.Virg.(Vsp D.14)17/29 : Mægeðhad stranglice mæig wiðstanden þære galnysse, þæt hit ne byð þurh þæt oferswiðen.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)32/23 : Ich..hwen ha..ne stondeð strongliche aȝein, leade ham i þe..ladliche lake of þet suti sunne.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)122/11 : Ne schal nan beon incrunet..bute hwa se strongliche..fehteð aȝein þe world, aȝein him seolf, [etc.].
- a1250 HMaid.(Tit D.18)15/201 : Eauer se þu strongluker stondest aȝain him, se he [devil]..wodeluker weorreð.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)127/3 : Þe uirtue of strengþe is þe loue of herte huer-by he þoleþ strongliche alle þinges þet moȝt come.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.48.25 : Ezechie dide þat pleside to þe lord & strongli..wente in þe hond of dauid.
- (a1392) Clanvowe 2 Ways (UC 97)65/327 : We moten stryue stroongly aȝens oure flesshe.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)23757 : If we wol strongly vs stere, Cristis help shal be vs nere.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Jude 1.3 : Y..hadde nede to write to ȝou and preye to striue strongli for the feith.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)55 : In his tyme roos þat heresi whech þei clepe maniches of a prince of hem..a geyns whom seynt austen laboured ful strongly and þat in many bokis.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)113/22 : Caste out þis wose of slowthe..tyl þou fynde..gostly strengthe..to suffre strongly alle aduersytes.
- a1480(c1450) Barlaam (2) (Peterh 257)111/4081 : Lorde, myn herte is strongely sett in þi desire & loue.
3.
(a) With military might or strength; stoutly, valiantly; fiercely; also, courageously; (b) armed ~, armed so as to be strong in battle, heavily armed.
Associated quotations
a
- 1123 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1123 : Se kyng held stranglice hem togeanes.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)13760 : Kay..stranliche fohten and fulde Romleode.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.24.18 : He shal waaste alle þe sonys of Seth..Irael forsoþe strongly [L fortiter] shal do.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.7.5 : The othir bretheren..monestiden, or counfortiden, hem to gidre for to dye strongly.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)146b/b : Rauenes fiȝtiþ stronglyche..and he þat is ouercome is obedient to þe victor.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)112/9 : Athelston..restede by Scotland & nomen strongliche þe contrey al a ȝere.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Josh.8.20 : Thei..withstoden stronglieste aȝens the pursueris.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)29/21 : The Saresyns turned agayn and faght strongly.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)5481 : So stravnglye stroke he at þat tyde, Thorowe all his harnes..Evyn the spere in youde.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)6531 : Strongly þan he hem wiþstand And chere his folk wiþ glad sembland.
b
- c1470 Bible F.(Cleve-W q091.92-C468)80/4 : The Iuwes..issuid out ayens Vaspasian..& were armed strongly.
4.
(a) Authoritatively, mightily; (b) so as to be spiritually effective; (c) efficaciously, potently.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Wisd.8.1 : It [wisdom] ateyneþ fro ende vn to ende strongly & desposeþ alle thing sweetely.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)2291 : A vigour he made..comandet strangli til his men als god þai sulde hit knaw and ken.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.12.128 : Is thilke the sovereyn good..that alle thinges governeth strongly and ordeyneth hem softly?
b
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.325 : Þere shulde be oo bileve and o charite among al men, and þanne myȝten þei preie strongliere.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)83b/a : If we diden þerto first medicynes þat dryen strongliche þanne þe..moist partyes schulden be wastid.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)336/16 : Diaculon Iohannis Mesue is better..& worchiþ more strongli.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)172b/b : Þe more sadde þat þe corrosiue is in substaunce..þe more strongelie it worcheþ.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)66 : More strongly moueþ hit if þou stampe it with salt and hony.
5.
(a) Violently; also in fig. context [quot. 1340]; profusely [last 2 quots.]; (b) intensely; also, briskly; (c) overpoweringly, pungently.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3911 : Þæt weder heom strong-liche [Otho: stragliche] drof.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)135 : Him tok an iuel strong..Quanne he hauede þis pleinte maked..stronglike quaked.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)25/11 : Þe guodes of grace byeþ uirtues and guode workes, And aye þise guodes ofte blauþ þe stranglaker ydele blisse.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)88a/b : Þe blode passes oute strongelye oþer liȝtlye.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)32/27 : Of þe kuttyng..of longaon, blode went strongly out.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.951 : Whan the pot boyleth strongly, the beste remedie is to withdrawe the fyr.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)129a/b : Aboute pentecost..þe sonne hetiþ strongly þe ouer part of þerþe.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)106b/a : Þer come a foule blacke cruste in þe same place þer þe pustule was riȝt as it hadde ben strongelie brente of þe fire.
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking in Studia Neoph.1620 : Lete strangelych seeth at grete laysere.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)214b/b : Garleek..smelleþ strongliche.
6.
(a) Exceedingly, greatly; fervently; (b) sharply, vehemently; (c) with certainty; decidedly, indisputably.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14365 : Astured wes al þas þeode strong-liche swiðe.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)12596 : Þo were Arthur his men stranliche iwreþþed.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)163 : Al þai wonderd strongliche, For his feirhed was so miche.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)88/10 : Þe more he him loueþ þe stranglaker, þe more he him likneþ propreliche.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)233/26,28 : Þou sselt louie god..wysliche, zueteliche, stranliche, and stedeuestliche..Strongliche, þet þou ne by ouercome be none aduersete.
- c1390(?a1325) Adam & E.(2) (Vrn)224/2 : Adam was strongliche aferd and gretliche abascht.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1918 : Darrie..Js strongelich anoyed of selcouþ tiþing.
- ?a1425(a1400) Brut-1377 (Corp-C 174)294/7 : He was stronlyche meued and þerwiþ an-anger[d].
- a1450 Dur-CRO.Bk.Hawking (Dur-CRO Roll D/X/76/7)30/139 : To knaw when þe ree begynnyth: Scho wil be stuffyd strangli in þe hede.
- c1475 Brm.Abraham (Brm)208 : My hart begynnyd stronly to rysse.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)234/2 : Who-so hath the noose-thurlis moche opyn, he is strongly angry.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)13 : When the gode man herde this he merveyled stronge-leche.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)11/31 : She..was so straungely [vrr. straungly, strangely; F fort] moevid to speke the chaffyng and felenouse wourdis.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)157/6 : O þe an half o domes [Nero: a domesdei] schulen ure swarte sunnen strongliche [Tit: strongluche; Nero: stroncliche] bicleopien us of ure sawle morðre.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.8.1 : Þe men of Effraym seidyn to hym..chidynge strongliche, [etc.].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.21 : Þe auctores..I take for schelde..aȝenst enemyes þat me wolde despise strongly and blame.
- a1500 Nicod.(4) (Hrl 149)69 : The provostes of Jewes accused Jhesu strongly afor Herode.
c
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.14.31 : Whiche thing as he knewȝ, hym strongly byfore cummen of the man, he came to the..temple, [etc.].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2421 : Euery conseil that is affermed so strongly that it may nat be chaunged..I seye that thilke conseil is wikked.
- (1395) Wycl.37 Concl.(Tit D.1)14 : Sith auarice..and symonie..ben greuousere synnis in him thanne is bodili fornicacioun in the same curat, it sueth moche strongliere that siche dymis..shulen be withdrawe..fro such a curat trespassinge.
7.
Villainously, wickedly, outrageously.
Associated quotations
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14868 : Þai went þam ham..Bath wrath, waful..Strangli [Frf: Strangeli] was þis folk felun.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)5 : A cristun man falliþ strongli in to synne..oþer for gretness of þe synne or for heiȝt of þe dignite.
8.
(a) So as to cause physical pain or discomfort, painfully; (b) in a manner hard to endure, sorely, grievously.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425(a1400) Brut-1377 (Corp-C 174)328/26 : A grete pestilens..destroyed & slow, violently & strongly, both men & wymmen.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)89a/a : Euerye sewynge [of a wound] moste sumdel constreine so þat þe pacient fele it sumdel but nouȝt strongelye.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)312/37 : If þe vlcers were strongelych akynge, hele ham with þe forsaide oynementz.
- c1450(c1430) Brut-1430 (Glb E.8)436/27 : Tho was..grete scarste of corne..for oxen and shipe deiden stronglyche.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)112/24 : Svm weneð þet ha schule stronglukest beon ifondet iþe forme tweofmoneð.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)101/2 : Weila-wei, strongliche was he itented er he so ueolle.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)17/17 : Huanne he heþ alle oþre kuedes ouercome, þanne him asayleþ prede þe stanglaker [read: stranglaker].
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)157/27 : Þe dyeuel..of þo half him asayleþ stranglakest.
- c1440(a1400) Eglam.(Thrn)459 : Þou hase bene strangly stedde.