Middle English Dictionary Entry
bēten v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | bēten v.(1) Also beaten, byate, beit, bette. Forms: sg. 3 bēteth & beat, byat, bēt, bytteþ; p. sg. bẹ̄t, byet, beit, beot, beut, buet, but, ? bat & bēted, bette, ? bitte; ppl. i)bēte(n, ibeate(n, ybyate, ? ibiten, ? ibot. |
Etymology | OE bēatan; bēot, -on; bēaten; ME bitte , ibiten, ibōt may belong to bīten. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) To flog (sb.), beat, whip; (b) to punish (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)15/150 : Þu schalt..beon ibeaten wið bittere besmen.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)99a : Ne lette he nawt ah beot se swiðe longe..þet he stearf o rode..hwen he hit wule beaten.
- c1275 LSSerm.(Clg A.9)82 : Hire sire and hire dame þreteþ hire to bete.
- a1300 Man and wyman (NC 88)3 : Loke up-one mi rig, u sore ich was i-biten [rime: i-leten].
- ?a1300(a1250) Harrow.H.(Dgb 86)39 : Hi beten [vrr. bueten, bete] me þat I ran ablode.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5890 : Þat child heo bet so stronge mid þe condlen.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)100 : He his byat and his chasteþ, huanne hi misdoþ.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)156 : Þe sergons..nome steues and byete þane asse.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)239 : He het þet he were wel ybyate.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.405 : Almachius dide hym so bete With whippe of leed.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)7.165 : He Beot [vr. beet; B: bette] so þe Boyes, he barst neih heore Ribbes.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2161 : Thre of his olde foos..betten his wif and wounded his doghter.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)1.115 : Al was for veniaunce, þat he but [vrr. bet, beet] noȝt hus children.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)111 : Goþ and beteþ þis boy.
- (1423) RParl.4.199a : They bette hyme and laide hare bagges opon hym.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.37/15 : They bownde hym..beit hym with scorgys.
- ?1435 Lond.Chron.Jul.(Jul B.2)27 : Some they betyd, woundyd, maymyd, and robbyd.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)4836 : Dorothye þei heng..And wyth yerdys & skourgys hir body beet.
- a1450(c1400) Wor.Serm.(Wor F.10)32/346 : Drunke as a dosel, a chit his wyf, repreuiþ his children, bet his meyne.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)246/2 : Þe abbott..betid hym grevuslie here-for.
- c1450 As y gan wandre (Lamb 853)27 : My maistir wolde me bet.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)37/6 : If y it take, y schal be sore beete.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.78 : Þei bete were And tenyd with twiggis.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)257/393 : That were vnwysely wroght To beytt me, bot if I trespast oght.
b
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)6/53 : Rihtwisnesse sit..as deme & beateð þeo þe aȝulteð.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)47b : Þe flesch walde awilgin..ȝef hit nere ibeaten..ȝef secnesse hit ne temede.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.12.17 : The Lord beet Farao and his hous with moste veniaunces.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)501/136 : Nowe mon neuere saule ne body dye, But with wikkid peynes euermore be betyne.
1b.
(a) ~ brest, ~ on brest, ~ herte, to beat (one's) breast (as in sorrow or remorse); (b) ~ blo, to beat (sb.) until the flesh is livid; ~ to the blod, beat until the blood flows; ~ to (the) deth, beat to death; ~ bak and bon, ~ bak and side; (c) beten with his owen staf, caught in his own trap.
Associated quotations
a
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)169 : He makede ane reuliche meninge..and sore sihte and his heorte biet.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)5a : Wið þis word beateð on ower breoste..ant wið þeose wordes Miserere..beateð ower heorte.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)8.229 : He beet [vr. but] his breste ofte wiþ his hond.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.932 : Now bet thi brest and sey..'Thy grace, lord! for now I me repente.'
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1416 : The cok, comune astrologer, Gan on his brest to bete and after crowe.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.752 : Hire white brest she bet.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)24/2 : He fell opon his kneis & bett opon his breste.
- a1500 *Nicod.(4) (Hrl 149:Hulme)262b : Alle the peple..for the wondres that they sawe, beeten her brestes.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.43 : Sche beet [vr. bute; L flagellavit] hym almost to þe deþ.
- c1390 Disp.Christian & J.(Vrn)76 : Men schal in Baret þe bynde And bete þe ful blo.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.511 : Thogh he hadde me bet on euery bon, He koude wynne agayn my loue anon.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)16230 : I rede men chasti him for-þi And bete him to þe blod.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)15812 : Nede wil þe prophecy þat I to dede be bette.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1787 : Baltazar in his bed watz beten to deþe.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.109 : His owne brother to þe deth he bet [rime: set].
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)6264 : Wyth sporres and wand he stroke the mere, He beyttys on her bonys.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)290 : Þou..hast..ny bet him to deth.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)35/407,413 : I shall bete the bak and bone..I am bet so blo.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)380/413 : Blo and blody thus was I bett.
- a1500 Listyns lordingus to (Cmb Ff.5.48)44 : Ȝe bete hym both bak and side.
c
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)434/19 : When þis riche man hard þis, at he sulde be þus betyn with his awn staff, he grawntyd vnto þe kyng [etc.].
2a.
(a) To strike (sth.), buffet (sb.), smite, slap; also, pummel, belabor with blows; ~ on, pound on (sth.); (b) to shape (metal) by hammering; strike (a coin), mint; beten gold, gold hammered into a thin sheet or leaf; (c) to thresh (grain); ~ out; (d) to beat (a drum); (e) to bombard (sth. with missiles), pelt (with rain or hail); of a missile: strike (sth.); of rain: fall heavily, beat; ?also, throw (sth.); (f) of wind, sound, waves, a storm, a body of water, etc.: to dash against (sth.); dash or rage; ~ togeder, clash; (g) ~ togeder, of the teeth: to gnash; ~ togeder with (one's) teth, gnash or grind (one's) teeth.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)121 : Summe..hine on þet neb mid heore hondan stercliche beoten and hehten hine aredan, hwa hit were þet hine smite.
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (Hrl 2277:Wright)p.26 : This cloth..bet in myn eȝen sore and doth me harm.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9293 : Icholle percy þe ost..& bete wiþ þis suerd þen false king vaste.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2521 : On þe gate loude þai bete.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)116 : Þe ilke þet ope þe regge of þe guode knyȝte smit and beat him, ssept his los.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2907 : Wyþ sturne staues þay him bute, as þay þo dryuen him forþ.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)7.167 : Nedde Pers wiþ a peose lof Ipreyed him to leue, And with a Benene Bat I-bot hem bytwene [etc.].
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1263 : Nabuzardan..Betes on þe barers.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)20/57 : On þe cheke he bett him with his hand.
- a1425 WBible(1) (Magd-C F.4.6)Mat.26.67 : Beeted [Dc 369(2): thei..smyten hym with buffetis].
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.5.23 : For to rescowe the mone, thei betyn hir basyns with thikke strokes.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)863 : Hire love thanne hath she founde, Betynge with his heles on the grounde.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)34 : Betyn or smytyn: Percucio, ferio.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)51.17 : The Erthe they beten Abowtes hym faste.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)145 : The Frenschmen..bet and killid many of Richard men.
- a1475 *Hrl.Diseases Hawk A (Hrl 2340)27a : Take A lytyll rode in þi hand, And softely bete þe watir.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)3409 : Eche of them had beten other wele.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8168 : All þe bære wass bileȝȝd Wiþþ bætenn gold & sillferr.
- a1350 Most i ryden (Hrl 2253)61 : Hire gurdel of bete gold is al vmben hire middel smal.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)97.6 : Syngeþ to our Lord in harp and in voice of psalme, in trumpes beten [L ductilibus].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.2.4 : And thei shul bete togidere [L conflabunt] their swerdes in to shares.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2162 : His sadel was of brend gold newe ybete.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Ph.(Manly-Rickert)C.17 : To graue or peynte or forge or bete.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)21.284 : Reche me alle þe barres That belial..beot [vr. beut] with þy damme.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1122 : Ne coupe of gold, with floreyns newe ybete.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5271 : Þe bild was all of brent gold..Bathe þe benkis & þe bordis bett of þe noble.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)417 : Ther-one was sett a Sercle of golde, þat bett was wonder newe.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)13a : Betyn golde: bractea, crisea.
c
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)72 : The corn in his berne..shal ben i-beten out or Cristemesse-day.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ruth 2.17 : And that she gedrede with a ȝeerde betynge and shakynge out, she foond of barli as the mesure of ephi.
d
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3895 : On þe toun þay bute tabours faste.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)4897 : Þan were þe tabours faste y-bete.
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking (Hrl 2340:Halliwell)299 : Lete hym bete the tabre.
e
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.151 : Þe erþe was i-bete [L verberavit] sevene dayes to giders wiþ grete hayle stones.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1176 : The Reyn doune bete in ful grisly wise.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.940 : Who hath ben wel ibete..with slynge-stones, But Troilus?
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)86/316 : Swilke pou[d]re, lord, apon vs dryffe, That whare it bettis it makis a blayne.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12664 : Þe buernes on þe bonk bet hym with stonys.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.116 : Of my teris cummyth all this reyne That ye se on the ground so fast ybete.
f
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)161 : Þe se hath i-bete faste on eiþur side And hath þat sond a-rerd up on heiȝ.
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)530 : Þe wawes of þe se beoten [Hrl:Wright: beote him]..bifore and bihynde.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.43.18 : The vois of his thunder schal beten the erthe.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.315 : Þe wawes berkeþ, þat beteþ þere vppon.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.997 : The Schip aros ayein the wawes..The See bet in on every side.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)30a/b : Þe coolde stoppeþ þe holes and þe pores wiþoute, and þe fumosite holdeþ wiþinne and betiþ togedres.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)134a/b : Ȝif þe souþ arme of þe see betiþ and stryueþ in þe north, þanne þe see meviþ estward.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)183a/a : An Ilonde is ybeete [L illiditur] alle aboute with wawes of waters.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)1846 : Þe wawis bett bifor and bihind.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1237 : With the tempest bete and al be-reyned.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.5.25 : Whanne the blastes of the wynd Chorus beten the strondes of the see.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.88 : Þat bitter Eures [vr. Eurus] bruse it noght ne bete.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)144.113 (v.2:p.426) : Lord God, whan I fyrst knewe the, thou beet [?read beetest or didst beet; L reuerberasti; cp. Aug. Confessions 7.10 (16)] ageeyn the infirmyte and the febylnesse of my syth, shynynge in me maruelously.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)33/24 : Tempestes arosse and the shipp wasse grevously bete.
- c1475(?c1451) Worcester Bk.Noblesse (Roy 18.B.22)82 : The floode of Temmys rennythe, beting hier than the londe in stormye seasons.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)105 : The [foom] of my swet wyll hit testyfy, That on the see bankes lythe betyn full hy.
g
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)111/8 : My teeth grintith and betith to-gidre.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apost.(Dub 245)435 : Shal Antecrist grenne..and bete togedre wiþ hise teeþ.
2b.
(a) ~ eieliddes, to flutter the eyelids, bat (one's) eyes; ~ (one's) hed ayeines, knock (one's) head against (sth.); ~ hondes togeder(es, clap the hands; ~ lippes, talk; ~ tail, beat the ground with the tail; ~ winges, ~ with (one's) winges, move the wings rapidly, beat the wings; (b) ~ the air, to strike empty air, shadowbox; ~ stretes (pavement), walk or roam the streets; ~ the wind(es, fly with wings; (c) ~ (on) the bush(es, to strike the bush(es) to rouse game or birds; ~ the bou, beat the bush; (d) ~ awei, ~ of, ~ out, ~ thenes, to drive (sb.) away with blows, chase off; ~ fro, drive away from (a place); ~ hom, chase (sb.) home; (e) ~ doun, ~ adoun, ~ to the erthe, to lay (a wall, a city, etc.) level with the ground, raze, destroy; (f) ~ doun, to knock (sb.) down; ~ in, pound (pebbles) into (a floor); ~ of, knock (sb.) out of position, dislodge; ~ on, beat upon (sb.), strike; also, to lay on, fight; ~ out, knock out (teeth); ~ thurgh, cut through (sth.); ~ togeder, strike (things) together, knock one against another; ~ to the ground, knock (sb.) to the ground.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)16/228 : Þe engles..þe seoð..te deoflen hoppin & kenchinde beaten honden to ȝederes.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)210 : Huet is hit worþ to sterie and to beate al day þe lippen?
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4512 : This Chauntecleer hise wynges gan to bete.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.766 : Whan maistrie comth, the god of loue anon Beteth hise wynges and, farwel, he is gon.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)107/7 : It semez as þai leped..and bett with þaire wengez [Tit: clappynge here wenges to gydere].
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.36/10 : The mayde begane..to be turmentyd..betynd her hede a-ȝenste the grownde.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.982 : She beet hir wynges & took hir to the fliht.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)1086 : Þe lyoun..bette hys tayl, ffor to be egre.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)16/22 : She..euer loked ouer the shuldre, and euer beting her eyelyddes togedre.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)195 : A squyer..com cryinge and betynge his hondes togeder.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.9.26 : Thus I fiȝte, not as betynge the eyr [L aerem verberans].
- (?c1422) Hoccl.ASM (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)208 : Sauf with his wynges the wynd softe & light He betith.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)2/25 : Þe Skotte gase in Burghes and betes þe stretes.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.m.5.7 : Oothre beestis, by the wandrynge lyghtnesse of hir wynges beten the wyndes.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Priesthood (Corp-C 296)166 : Ȝonge childre..bete stretis vp & doun & synge & pleie as mynystrelis.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Curates (Corp-C 296)152 : Þei fallen to nyse pleies..& beten þe stretis, & sitten at þe tauerne.
- a1605(c1422) Hoccl.Compl.(Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)186 : A great fole I am, this pavyment a dayes thus to bete.
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2356 : He..takth the bridd to his beyete, Wher othre men the buisshes bete.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1437 : Þenne þay beten on þe buskez & bede hym vp ryse.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.5127 : Oon bet the bussh, another hath the sparwe.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.47 : On betyth þe buske, a-noþer hathe brydde.
- (1472) Paston (Gairdner)5.142 : We bette the busschysse..and ether men have the byrds.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)111/82 : Many a man doth bete þe bow; Another man hath þe brydde.
- c1475 Rwl.Prov.(Rwl D.328)118 : On betyt the broscus, another hath þe bordys.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)6021 : On the bushe bettes one, A nothere man hathe the bryde.
d
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.281 : He beet out [L contuderit] of Fraunce alle þe tyrauntes.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)248 : A wylde walterande whal..Þat watz beten fro þe abyme, bi þat bot flotte.
- (c1434) *Anc.Pet.(PRO)336.15865 : They entred in to the same manoir and ther beten oute ȝoure seyde ffermours.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)222 : Than gode seemenne wolde..bete theme home.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)604 : He hadde be betene thens.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)14 : Certeyn men..bat oute þe dwelleres þat were þer.
- c1453(c1437) Brut-1436 (Hrl 53)577/34 : They manfully hem diffendit and beet hem of.
- c1480(1422) Lydg.SD (Add 48031)50/32 : He was twyous bette of at his arryvaile.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)2/51 : An Angell..with brennyng swerd..From paradise bete hem a-way.
- (a1478) Stonor2.31 : Y purpose to entre in þe Manere..sende me a gode lade or ij, that y be note bete owte ayene.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)9 : Þai bete oute þe Bretons and broȝt hom into Wales.
e
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1073 : Þe douȝti duk..bet a-doun burwes & brutned moche peple.
- c1390(?a1300) Stations Rome(1) (Vrn)592 : Furst with Costantyn hit was set, And siþen with heretykes doun I-bet.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.974 : Troie was al bete doun.
- (c1396) Doc.in Bk.Lond.E.233/10 : Thomas Bradle..and other mo..þere betyn down a peire berseles by force & armes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)176a/b : Þi þat citee were so stronge, ȝit was it sone ouercome..and ybete to þe erþe.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.97 : Þe tours bette he doun.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6210 : Wherfore Priam bete adoun þe wal.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.77 : Thorugh yow shal..Ben Troie ybrend, and beten down to grownde.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)755 : This wal they wolde threte, And wisshe to God that it were doun ybete.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)30/17 : He ordeynde..men for to bett doun þe walles wit Sewes of werre.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)560 : He scholde bette doun his borowes and brenn hym thereinn.
- c1450(c1430) Brut-1430 (Glb E.8)395/2 : Thei bite and keste adoun the perisshe-chirchis.
- c1453(c1437) Brut-1436 (Hrl 53)577/32 : The Flemmynges laid þeire gonnes to þe walles & beete doun þe vawmures and þe walles.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)37 : Þen was hit abatyd and beten doun, and buggyd efte new.
f
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1876 : Þe laddes wode..beten on him so doth þe smith With þe hamer on þe stith.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2664 : Þer mouthe men se to knithes bete Ayþer on oþer dintes grete.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.190 : He buffeled me aboute þe mouthe & bett out my tethe.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4312 : Ful many Grekys..was shette thorgh-out..And betyn of with grete rounde ballys.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Judg.7.19 : Thei bigunnen to sowne with trumpis, and to bete [WB(1): clappen] togidere the pottis.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.1664 : Thei echon, for ther presumpcioun, With sodeyn leuene wer smet & bete doun.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)7.7 : A floor for thresshing thus thei make..Now pibbul stonnys They bete in and other that cordyng stoonys.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1223 : Sampson..Betis on with a brande; broken was his lance.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9669 : Grekes..Beiton þurgh basnettes with the brem egge.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)458 : Sone wer þai semyld ylkon And bett on fast with burnyscht brandes.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)52/19 : He come and smote hym..that he bett hym to the grounde.
3.
To overcome (sb.), conquer, get the better of; ~ doun.
Associated quotations
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)36/33 : Þis ȝet me þuncheð wurst..þet tu þe ane..Beatest us & bindest.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.57 : At þe þridde tyme he beet doun [L contrivit; Higd.(2): hade victory of] Sempronius wiþ his oost.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.71 : He beet doun [L expugnavit] sixe and twenty citees.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)11 : Somtyme men fynde hure sittyng in hure fourme, and sumtyme she is bete with houndes [OF les chiens la prennent] in hure fourme or she stert.
- a1425 PPl.C (Lond-U V.88)1.108 : Offyn and Fynees..beten [vr. disconfit] were in bataile.
- a1425 PPl.C (Cmb Ff 5.35)22.135 : Þe burdes seide he bar him wel whan he beet ten þousand.
- a1425 Methodius(1) (Hrl 1900)100/4 : Þei come into þe rewme þat was of Ioniti, þat þei schulde bete him doun.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.3.14 : The wynd that hyghte Boreas..betith this nyght (that is to seyn, chaseth it awey).
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.798 : Claudius..Was sent with poweer..For to diffende & saue that contre..He was rebuked, bete, & dryue away.
- (1440) Paston2.47 : Our Lordes wyth here smal pusaunce manly bytte them and pytte hem to flyte.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)14.829 : There was beten On Narbus..And there to Eualach him ȝald Anon.
- (1458) Paston (Gairdner)3.130 : Ther was not so gret a batayle..this xl wyntyr..we wer wele and trewly bette.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)581/28 : He is able to beate suche fyve as ye ar and I be.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)115 : Thai ben myghty, and able..to beete oþer reaumes that do, or wolde do, them wronge.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)13 : Their enemyes they bette & bound.
4.
To beat (cloth) in cleaning it; beat or scutch (tow).
Associated quotations
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)236 : Linene kertel, erþan hi by huyte, ueleziþe him behoueþ þet he by ybeate and ywesse.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.19 : Dobet shal beten it and bouken it as briȝte as any scarlet.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.185 : Þanne wil he..Labory in a lauendrye..bouken hem at his brest and beten hem clene.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)58b/a : Incarnatyf sewynge is made..wiþ euen pynnes made of smalle and wel beten towgh of lengþe of a fynger.
5.
(a) To pound (sth.) to powder, bray, crush; grind (grain); (b) to stir (sth.) vigorously, beat, whip; ~ togeder, mix (sth.) by beating.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.MQuad.(Hrl 6258B)8/9 : Wið wifes flewsan, heortes horn to duste ȝebeaten & ȝedruncan on wine.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)427/238 : Men of þe toune wenden to bete op þulke roche..huy doluen and beoten faste.
- 1381 Pegge Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)110 : Tak the lyre of the fresch Buf and bet it al in pecis.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)317b/b : In pila est contusum, þat is, y bete in a morter.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.56 : Take clene whete and bete it small in a morter.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4716 : We may al day oure colour grynde & bete.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)41a/b : Lay þerto..water of rose and þe whyte of an ey and purcelane beten [L trita; *Ch.(1): brissed].
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)11.414 : Bete al this smal.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.Corp.Chr.(Trin-C R.3.20)86 : Greyne in þe middes..Was beete and bulted floure to make of bred.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)9 : Put þer yn..halfe a lb of coperose wel beton yn to poudur.
b
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.33 : Take hony and do it in a pot and cast þerinne gleyres of ayren wiþ a litel water and bete it wele togider with a sklyse.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)69/6 : Ane rawe ey and oile of violette bette to-gidre..is seid..to be mitigatiue.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)174a/b : And be it beten [L agitetur; *Ch.(1): stirred or shaken] with a sclyse.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)39 : Take flowre an whyte of Eyroun & bete to-gedere.
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking (Hrl 2340:Halliwell)304 : Take the yolke of an egge rawe, and when thu haste well beten it, put thereto Spaynesch salte.
6.
(a) To cover (sth. with metal, esp. with gold), pave (a street with gold); also, ornament (sth.) with an inlay; (b) to embroider (a banner, garment, etc.); adorn, decorate; embroider or paint (a design or figure on sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1390 Off a trewe loue (Vrn)89 : Þe weyes ben alle þere Ibete Wiþ Riche gold.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)1510 : An ymage was þer ynne, Y beten [Ld: Yȝoten] al wiþ gold fyne.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3631 : A beryn with his bronde and ane helme betyn..Kayris to yche a cogge.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)9329 : The Brydell and the Cropor wyth gold I-bete.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)468 : A closen chayr..Betyn al with barne gold.
- (1457) LRed Bk.Bristol2.184 : Such vessell that ought to be bete..that hit haue his sufficient beting.
b
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)1159 : Þe broider is of tuli selk, Beten abouten wiþ rede golde.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.979 : His penoun Of gold ful riche, in which ther was ybete The Mynotaur.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)78 : Tapites in-noghe, þat were enbrawded & beten wyth þe best gemmes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.726 : And other..dide her besy peyn For þe werre to make trappuris, Bete baners and royal cote armvris.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3022 : He sawe a baner..Ful of fysshes betyn.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)837 : He was..in samette with briddis wrought, And with gold beten ful fetysly.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)1028 : Þat day cam Clorpatras..Hire harneys gold, beten w[i]þ selk.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)5.1028 : Withynne that temple, of gold betyn cleer, To his despiht thei heng up his baneer.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.1432 : First in his baneer..The cros was bete.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3646 : Than he..Buskes baners one brode, betyn of gowles.
- c1450(c1425) Brut-1419 (Cmb Kk.1.12)373/11 : Þe horsses..were trappid yn black & bete with diuers armez.
- c1475 Awntyrs Arth.(Tay 9)p.14 : Her belte was of blenket, with briddus ful bold, Beten with besandus.
- (1456) Invent.Armory in Archaeol.16124 : ij banners beten of the Armes of England and Fraunce..v Pennons beten of the feders.
- a1500(a1450) Parton.(1) (Add 35288)11348 : Oure getons desplayed betone so bright.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)608 : Theron hinge a gipser of purpill samyte bete with golde.
7.
(a) Of the heart, the pulse, an artery, etc.: to beat, pulsate; (b) of an ulcer or inflammation: to throb.
Associated quotations
a
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.910 : Dryve out that goost which in myn herte beteth.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)15a/a : Fro þe lefte hole [of þe hert] goþ out a veyne pulsatile i. betyng.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)570 : He felte that I had hete, And felte eke tho myn herte bete.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)109/6 : Ȝif þe powce of þe ryght hand bete swyther þanne þe powse of þe lyft hand.
b
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)205/4 : Þe place wole be reed for lijknes of blood, akynge..beting for þe greet depnes of mater.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)43a/a : [Aneurisma]..beteþ as an arterie.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)59a/b : Þe membre schal bete [L pulsabit] anone and swelle or aposteme.
8.
To discuss (sth.), deliberate upon, talk about.
Associated quotations
- (1470) Paston (Gairdner)5.69 : As for Mestresse Kateryn Dudle, I have many tymes recomandyd yow to hyr..I have betyn the mater for yow.
- a1500(a1471) Ashby APP (Cmb Mm.4.42)716 : A mater discussed & wele betyn..The sadnesse therof men may owte setten.
9.
To come in contact with (sth.), touch, border upon.
Associated quotations
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)129 : The medewe..Beet [OF batoit] right on the watir syde.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)111/26 : Þe see, þat before bette apon [OF touchoit] þe mount, withdrewe it.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.16 : Wiþ hire heed sche semed heuenes beet [L pulsare].
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)320/27 : And the see bete uppon that one syde of the wallys, where were many shyppis and marynars.
10.
Hunt. Of game: to walk in a stream in order to throw the hounds off the scent.
Associated quotations
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)19 : Ȝif in þe cuntre is no grete Ryuere, he goþ þan to þe litel and shal bete [OF batera] vp þe water or foile doun..þe mountance of a myle.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)26 : Whan he hathe bete [Dgb: ybet; OF batu] þer inne long, vpward or dounward, he abideþ in þe watir vndir some Rootes.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)4.93 : Bettere is þat bote bale adoun brynge, Þan bale be ybette & bote neuere þe bettere.
Note: New spelling
Note: Sense 1a.(a)--per SMK
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)15900 : They kan ful offte A man dystreyne..As gold ffoyl ybetyn thynne.
Note: Postdates 2a.(b)
Note: Sense 2a.(b)--per SMK
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)1845 : He..faryth as he To staunche his thrust which drynkyth of þe se, Or betyþe þe wynde, or in grauel doth sowe.
Note: 2b.(b) - another sense for ~ the wind, here identical to ~ the air--per MP
- a1500 Rwl.C.506 Artist.Recipes (Rwl C.506) 174/16 : Bet þy lake and þe same croppe of madyr into powdur, and put into þe lyes of wyne.
Note: Postdates sense 5.(a).