Middle English Dictionary Entry
sōr(e adj.(2)
Entry Info
Forms | sōr(e adj.(2) Also soure, (chiefly N or early) sar(e & (early) sær(e, ser(e, (infl.) sarne & (errors) son, foor; pl. (early) sara. Comp. sōrer(e, etc. & sō̆rrer(e, sō̆rrore, sā̆rrar, (chiefly early) sā̆rre, (early) sār(r)ure; sup. sōrest, etc. & (WM & NWM) sā̆rrest. |
Etymology | OE sār, comp. sārra; a few exx. of sōre may = sōrẹ̄ and belong to sōrī adj. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Characterized or attended by physical pain, painful; also, fig. of the wound of sin; of death: agonizing; peines ~, painful agonies or sufferings; (b) inflicting physical pain, causing pain; of a weapon: capable of causing pain.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5198 : Fulgenes wes iwunde..þat i þan þridden dæie he sarne dæd þolede.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)61/15 : Eauer se flesch is cwickre so þe reopunge þrof & te hurt is sarre [Nero: more & sarre; Pep: þe strenger; Ancr.TSenses: þe more greuouse].
- a1300 Hayl mari hic (Dgb 2)43 : Of sine and kar he maked vs bar, wan he þollid pines sar.
- c1300 Iesu cristes milde moder (Arun 248)16 : Hise wundes sore and smerte stungen þureu and þurw þi herte, as te bihichte simeon.
- a1350 When y se blosmes (Hrl 2253)36 : So duere he vs haþ yboht, wiþ woundes deope ant stronge, wiþ peynes sore ant longe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2510 : He þat suffred for our sake sore wondes fiue, he our buxum best saue.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1755 : They..sawe hir blody woundes wide and soore.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)310a/a : Þe goute is ful sore for tendrenesse of synewes in þe whiche it is Inne.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3479 : Hir breding was ful selcut sare, Bot hir chiltting was mikel mare.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)24336 : If we ware wounded baþ I-wis, mi wounde hit was sarer [Vsp: herder] þan is.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.96 : Satisfaccioun..to nouȝt bryngeth dedly synne, Þat it neuere eft is seen ne sore but semeth a wounde yheled.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1078 : Watz never so blysful a bour as watz a bos þenne..Ne non so glad under God as ho þat grone schulde, For þer watz seknesse al sounde þat sarrest is halden.
- a1425(a1349) Rolle MPass.(2) (Upps C.494)51/23 : Wo was þe þan when þe sore woundis of handes and of fete bare al þe pays of þi bodi.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)147a/b : Ȝif ane indiscrete surgen se þis he ordeineþ his medicyne drier and so þe vlcus is euer þe longer þe sorer.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)35 : Was neuer syknes sorer þan þis sir þoled.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1134 : But sone he was be-sette, As þeer ys yn a nette, Wyth grymly wondes sare.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)205/9 : Vayn glorie Is an arow of the deuyll that..makyth a full heuy and a full Soore wounde.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)245/57 : Thrugh dom of sir pylate he gettys an yll endyng And sore.
- a1500 GLitany (Lamb 546)270 : For tho sore and peynfull steppes thou madest goyng to thi crosse, haue mercy on vs.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)15/171 : He schal þe forreaden & makie to forswelten as his ahne wil is þurh al þet eauer sar is.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)185/25 : With staues and scourges heo leiden on him and maden him mani a wounde, Þo heo ȝeuen him sorest duntes, leiȝen he gan wel smere.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)3341 : Þer he slouȝ in fiȝt Fiftene kniȝtes and mare; Wel louwe he dede hem liȝt Wiþ diolful dintes sare, Vnsounde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)25543 : Suet iesu..Sufferd..Wit knotted skurges hard and lang Dintes sare and smert.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)23.359 : The plastres of þe person and þe pouderes beoþ to sore.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2116 : Aȝayn his dyntez sore Ȝe may not yow defende.
- a1425(a1349) Rolle MPass.(2) (Upps C.494)42/6 : Swete Ihesu, I þanke þee euermore for þat schame and schendschipe þat þou suffridest in þi buffetyng, for many a sore stroke þou suffridist þan.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)541 : He..with a sore wepne Bet on þe broun stele while þe bladde laste.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)175/201 : Now I go to sle hym with strokys sad and sore.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)146/17 : The lowar partie of the seid mantell..was so vsid in waste and in distructione by foor [vr. soor; CQ(1): rude] strokis, drawyng and halyng that in diuerse placis the ground of the same mantell apperid vncouerid.
- a1500 GLitany (Dc 42)131 : By the sore dryuyng of the nayles and by the holy feete and by the woundis of the same..haue mercy on vs.
- a1500 GLitany (Lamb 546)270 : For the lyftyng vp of thi most holy body on the crosse and the sore braysyng thereof, that gaue to all partyes of thi body an vncredible peyn, haue mercy on us.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1259 : Castor..Suet vnto Sedar with a sore wepyn, To deyre hym with a dynt for þe Dukes sake.
2.
(a) Of a person, an animal: suffering physical pain, sore, aching; also, wounded, lacerated; ~ bakked, having a sore back; ~ eied, having sore or inflamed eyes; (b) ~ and sik, in pain and sick; sik and ~, sick and in pain; also, as coll. noun: the sick and those in pain, those who suffer illness and pain; ~ or sik, fig. in pain from or sick in sin; neither ~ ne sik, sik nor ~; (c) of the body, a place on the body, a bodily member: sore, painful, aching; afflicted, hurt; also, lacerated [quot. c1400].
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6229 : Edmond sat mid is ost aniȝt in such solas As folc miȝte þat vorwounded & sor [B: sori] & wery was.
- c1390 Hilton ML (Vrn)274 : Lia was fruiteful, but heo was sore-eiȝede.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)147a/a : The gnatte..is ful noyeful to scabbid hors and sore-backed.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8139 : Mikel on him he had vn-hele, Thritti yere had ben mesel, Of [Göt: On; Trin-C: Ouer] all his licham was he sare.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23087 : Quen i in sekenes was sare, Yee com for to comforth mi care.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)3608 : On þis wise lasted þat fight Fra midmorn unto mirk night, And by þat tyme, I trow, þai twa War ful weri and sare alswa.
- a1450(a1400) Titus & V.(Add 36523)1820 : Mary..to Jesus toumbe went With buystes full of oynement, To have alithede his body with, Þere he was soore in lyme and lith.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)93 : Wichecraftis and enchauntingis..may do no þing of remedy to ani seknes of man..noiþer to best langering, halting, or sare.
- a1500 Listyns lordingus to (Cmb Ff.5.48)37 : Ȝe my son with buffettes bobbyd; He feld riȝt sore [vr. Yf he felte sore], no thyng he sobbyd ffor alle your werkis full well he wist.
b
- c1300 Body & S.(5) (LdMisc 108)p.55 : Nay, bodi, nouȝ is to late..Ac haddest þouȝ a litel er, Ȝwile us was lif togidre lent, Þo þat was so [vr. When þou feldest þe] sek and ser [vrr. sare, sere], Us schriven..Ne þorte us have friȝt ne fer Þat god ne wolde his blisse us sent.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4292 : His broþer liþ sike and sore And schel be seke fort þe meruaile Of þe greal be don.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)2475 : All men þat war seke and sare, If þai in þat tyme myght be þare When þe water was moued swa..Hastily war þai heled.
- c1390 Talking LGod (Vrn)8/27 : Nis hit forte saluen hem þat seke ben in sunne..Who þar felen him sor or sek, unsalued, þat salue so mihti haþ at his wille?
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1461 : Now er we hale, now seke and sare.
- a1425 NHom.(3) Leg.Suppl.Hrl.(Hrl 4196)32/359-62 : Mony seke & sare fast þeder soght, And many miracles was þare wroght, For thurgh þo sayntes war helid þen Of seke and sore sexty and ten.
- a1450(a1400) Titus & V.(Add 36523)1775 : A noble prophete, þat hight Jesu..heelede all seke and soore In þis contre everywhore.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2)1363 : Hast þou in herte rowþe I-had Of hem þat were nede be-stad, To seke & sore and prisonerus?
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1287 : Bot þo men þat er seke & sore Nedes for to haue medcyns mor.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)5126 : Oure Lady..was nouþer sore ne seke, But faire & comly wiþ to speke; But feble sche was þe soþe to say, Hir myght passed faste away.
- c1485 Assump.Virg.(1) (Hrl 2382:Hackauf)66 : She serued lasse and more, seke and sore [vr. hole] for here swete ore.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38)1927 : Ther was noon syke nor sare That come þere þe lady ware, But they went sownde away.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6057 : Agamynon..made..Sore men & seke soundly to rest Þat were feblet in fight & hade fele woundes.
c
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B)39/2 : Gif mannes heafod ace, oððer sar si, nima weȝbrædan wyrtwalam & bindan him on swuran.
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.MQuad.(Hrl 6258B)261/17 : Gif earan sin innan sara..on do þa ylcan sealfe.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)17/21 : Þes læcedom sceal þan manne, ða hyra lippa beoð sare, oððer hyra tunga and seo ceola swa sær byþ, þæt he hearfoðlice hys spatel forswelȝan mæȝ.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9731 : Sa me scal lacnien his leomes þat beoð sare.
- a1275 *Body & S.(4) (Trin-C B.14.39)50 : Mine sides bet ful sare.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)363/18 : Þare-with he smeorede his sore hond and heo werth hol in a stounde.
- a1325(?c1300) NPass.(Cmb Gg.1.1)111 : Ho smered his fet þat wer sore.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)2581 : His hand semed als it war sare, And hurtyng had it neuer þe mare.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.51 : Þey..departeþ Affrica from Europa and Asia, as a sore membre þat is nouȝt from membres þat beeþ hole and sounde.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)11983 : Anoyntyng ys gode for body sore.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)244/18 : He schal ligge vpon þe hool side & not vpon þe soor side [L oculo leso].
- c1400(a1349) Rolle MPass.(1) (Cmb Ll.1.8:Horst.)84 : Þe kyrtel clemyd þere-to..þi flesch was so tendur, so seek and so soor, þat þei drow it of þi body pytously and harde.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)1/15 : Þai turned ogayn with sides sare.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2240 : So grisely was his dede That, whan that I his foule storye rede, Myne eyen wexe foule and sore also.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)2487 : Age makyth man ful vnthende, Body and bonys and al vnwolde; My bonys are febyl and sore.
- ?a1450 Arderne LW (Em 69)112 : I..made the wommane lye therinne uppone the sorere syde.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)67 : Oynte þer-with þe sore place.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)624 : Do wey þis halter..Alasse, how my neke ys sore.
- a1500 Hrl.2378 Recipes (Hrl 2378)101/22 : A medicyne for þe sore throte or mouthe.
- a1500 Hrl.2378 Recipes (Hrl 2378)111/14 : Take þe rote of pellettre of spayne and chew it with þi sore toth.
3.
(a) Causing sorrow, grievous, bitter; also, characterized by sorrow, fraught with sadness, filled with grief, unhappy; also, in impers. constructions: hit) thinketh ~, it seems grievous or distressing; (b) afflicted with sorrow, grieved, saddened; also, remorseful, contrite; of one's state of mind: unhappy, sad; (c) expressive of sorrow, sorrowful.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)3698 : Þider com tiðende þat him wæs sær, þat icumen wes Iulius Cezar.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)1/5 : Þær biþ sor idol, Þet bodeþ þet bearn þonne hit iboren biþ.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)184/24 : Nis þer bute forkeoruen hit, þah hit þunche sar godd, for betere is finger offe þen he ake eauer.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1472 : An wif ah lete sortes [Jes-O: sottes] lore, Þah spusing bendes þuncheþ sore.
- a1300 Owl & N.(Jes-O 29)1473 : Wunder me þinkþ stark & sor [Clg: stor] Hw enymon so haueþ for Þat his heorte myhte dryue To do hit to oþres mannes wyue.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)32 : To leose so muche of his þufþe him þouȝte sore ywis.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1793 : Þat is a worde..þat worst is of alle; Bot I am swared forsoþe, þat sore me þinkkez.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)8322 : I hate the mochel, for my frend That thow sclow the formast day..Many sore mete and mele Hastow made me for to ete.
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)565 : Ȝiff þay be gylty off þat dede, Sorrere þe doome þay may drede, Þan schewe here schame to me.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.35 : God gif him a sore grace, And alle suche waisters as he wasse.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)1667 : My messynger I wyll make the to pharo..yf þei trow the noght, Sygnes, sore and sere, sall I send soyne vn soght.
- c1460 Dub.Abraham (Dub 432)237 : Þi sore langage goþe myne hert ful nye.
- c1460 Dub.Abraham (Dub 432)280 : Goode Lord..þis pref was riȝt sore, But ȝit I þanke þe hye Þat I haue my sones lyve.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)221/361 : Whan we haue mynde of his sore deth, he was to us so gentyl and good, þat mend of hym oure hertys sleth.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)273/42 : But o thyng is sore in my gret delyte -- þere is on jhesus of nazareth, as men me tellyth, of þat man I desyre to han A sythte.
- a1500(?a1425) Ipom.(2) (Hrl 2252)2334 : The lordes..lefte them..There to dwelle for euyr more, Tille theyme departyd dethe sore.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)226/715 : Is he the same and the self..that has wroght vs this care? It has bene told, sen many a day, sayngys of hym full sare.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)76 : For he nefde nenne sune þe sarure was his heorte.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)321 : Þe king wes on mode sar.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)11189 : Beo nu glad Gillomar, ne beo þin heorte noht sær [Otho: ne beo þou noht in heorte sor].
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)160/3 : Ahest tu to beon hundret siðe sarure [Cleo: sarrure] þe..forlure þe riche of heouene.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)195/15 : He wepeð to me, wiuene sarest [Nero: monne sorest], & seið godd forȝet him for þi þet he ne sent him na muchel secnesse.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)217/7 : Ȝe mahen swa don ofte hwen ow þuncheð heuie oðer beoð for sum worltlich þing sare [Nero: sorie; Cleo: sari; F dolente] oðer seke.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1595 : Hwanne oþre slepeþ hire abute, Ich one lust þar wið þute, An wot of hire sore mode.
- c1300 Iesu cristes milde moder (Arun 248)27 : Nu his bodi with scurges beten, and his blud so wide hut-leten maden þe þin herte sor.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)59/19 : Sein Benet to is suster sede þat he nemiȝte no leng bileue; Sor [Ashm: sori] was þis maide þo.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)8213 : Soriandes seiȝe of his ferred..fourti ded -- His hert was sore, his cher murne, Lenger nold he þer soiourne.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2093 : Þai..souȝte him wiþ sore hertes, so wel þei him louede.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3280 : To se þat peyne hys herte was sore.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.639 : With herte soor [vr. son] wel oughte I to biwaille That evere derk in torment, nyght by nyght, Toward my deth..I saille.
- a1425 Ancr.Warning (Arun 507)p.156 : Thynk oft with sare hart of þi foule sinnes.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)10249 : Andromede saw..How his Moder ther on knes sat..wepande, And quene Eleyne loude cryande, His sustres alle with sore chere.
- c1425 Glo.Chron.A (Hrl 201)p.343 : Hys sone Edward bote ȝong & tendre nas, þeruore þe kyng vor hys deþ þe sorrore [Clg: soriore] was.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)67/14 : It behoueþ vs euery daye to be sore for oure synnes.
- c1450 NPass.(Cmb Ii.4.9)12/110 : For her synnys her hert was seere [rime: heere; Cmb Gg 1.1: ho..For hir sinne sori was þere].
- ?a1475 LDirige(2) (Dc 322)570 : They wolden make moone, Eyther groche with hert sare Ayenst god.
- c1475 Brm.Abraham (Brm)283 : Ȝowr wepyng make my hart sore As my owyn deth that I schall suffere.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)133/531 : Wyst ye how she had farne, youre hartys wold be sore.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2074 : He þat girdis with grete yre his grem for to venge Ofte shapis hym to shote into shame ferre, with hoge harmes to haue, & his hert sarre.
c
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)83 : Þeh he him bidde mid his muð, he ne fecheð noht þe sore siches onneðerward his heorte.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)4969 : Ioseph herd þair murning sare.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2244 : For Schame was gret & Loue ȝit was more, As sche wel knewe by hir siȝes sore.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.349 : His olde wo, that made his herte swelte, Gan tho for joie wasten and tomelte, And al the richesse of his sikes sore At ones fledde.
- a1425 By a forest (Bod 596)103 : Sampson lost his strengthe þer fore, Dauid his grace for Bersabee, Til he cried with wordes sore, 'Parce michi domine!'
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)10712 : The Gregeis made a sore lot And seyde, [etc.].
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)11018 : Ector is ded & brouȝt to Troye, With sore wepyng & no Ioye Eche man ouer other cryed.
- c1450 As y gan wandre (Lamb 853)4 : Y say an oolde man sitte wepinge; With siȝynge sore [vr. sovre] he seide me tille, [etc.].
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)35/193 : Now wyl I go wende my way With sore syeng.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)271/429 : Sore syghyng is my sang, ffor thyrlyd is his hyde.
- a1500 Octav.(1) (Cmb Ff.2.38)1340 : Florent..made þere many a sore [Thrn: sory] syde, That afore were softe and sownde.
4.
(a) Wretched, miserable; (b) sinful, wicked, evil.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.Nicod.(Vsp D.14)83/38 : Ic eam swa unroth þæt me þincð sar min lif, þæt ic forneh dead eam.
b
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2229 : He hauede reunesse of þe knaue, So þat he..Ne drop him nouth, þat sor fend.
- c1390 Talking LGod (Vrn)8/33 : Ȝif myn eueles ben muchele and ouerdon sore, þe miȝt of þat medicine is monyfold more.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1111 : Nou ar we sore and synful and souly uch one, How schulde we se..þat Syre upon throne?
- a1425 By a forest (Bod 596)109 : In his age ȝyng He was amabilis domino, And after he fel fowle & sore, For lust of women þat was him neygh.
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle Ihesu god sone (Cmb Dd.5.64)44 : Dede and lyf began to stryf wheþer myght maystre mare, When aungels brede was dampned to dede, to safe oure sauls sare.
5.
(a) Involving great effort or exertion; difficult to accomplish; of toil, labor: hard; (b) fierce, hard-fought; (c) difficult to endure, hard to bear; ~ to suffren, hard to endure; ~ thing to suffren, a hard thing to endure (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)36 : Monies monnes sare iswinc habbeð oft unholde.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)3/26 : Hie me haueð ofte idon eten oðermannes sare swink all un-of-earned.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)206/23 : Ure lauerd..for al his sare [L duro; F grant] swinc ne wilnede na þing bute luue to hure.
- a1250 Ancr.(Tit D.18)150/3 : Is ilich as tah amon hefde longe iswunken & failȝede after sar [Corp-C: long] swink on ende of his huire.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2565 : For al ðat swinc heui & sor, Ay wex ðat kinde mor & mor.
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)63/45 : To laboreris it falleþ to trauayle bodily and wiþ here sore swet geten out of þe erþe bodily liflode.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6443 : Þis ilk folk..þat moyses had vnder hand, þai did him selcuth sore [Frf: grete] trauail.
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)457 : He tauȝte hem trauayle for here mete, How þeȝ myȝte hem frutes gete Wiþ swet & swynkynge sore.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)15 : The first degre is..in strong stryuynge aȝens al maner vicis..wiþ myche peyne, wiþ soore swynche of bodi and of soule for to aȝeinstonde hem.
- c1475 Earth(3) (Rwl F.32)104 : For the erthe was made of erthe At the first begynnynge, That erthe schuld labour the erthe In trowthe and sore swynkynge.
b
- (1443) Reg.Spofford in Cant.Yk.S.23253 : Our adversary of France and his oldest son..maken..unto us as soore and as myghty werre..as they can divise.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)38.383 : Þere he beheld to-forn his face A sore Melle Of tweyne ful felownesly.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)797 : Sa sare was þe semble þire seggis be-twene, Þat al to-wraiste þai þar wode & werpis in-sondire.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)21/14 : Sore was the feght betwen theym.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)5.271 : Vortumerus..fauȝhte ageyne Englische men..oftetymes in liȝhte batelles, and v tymes in soore batelles with alle theire powers.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)161 : Here was sore bataile, and endured till it was even toward nyght.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5897 : The assembly was sorer o þe se banke.
c
- c1330(?c1300) St.Patr.Purg.(1) (Auch)p.101 : To þe bischop he biknewe sis sinne and prayd him for godes winne, þat he him schuld schriue, and legge on him þenaunce [read: penaunce] sore.
- c1400 *PPl.C (Trin-C R.3.14)f.31a [13.143] : Alle þe wyes þat euere were..Preiside pouert for best ȝif pacience it folewide..Al þeiȝ it be sor [Hnt HM 137: sour] to suffre, þere comiþ a swet aftir.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.B.1666 : Remembre the soule that lieth in grete distresse In sore prison of purgatorie [vr. In sore purgatory in presoun].
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)130/2 : It was a sor [F dure] thyng to his enmyes to suffre the strokes that he gaue theim.
6.
With intensive force: (a) of physical pain: intense, severe; of sickness: grave, serious [6.(a) often difficult to distinguish from 1.(a)]; of hunger: keen; (b) of emotional pain, sorrow, remorse, care, the pangs of lovesickness, etc.: sharp, bitter, keen; (c) of sin, a sin: grievous, grave; (d) sup. sorest, worst, most egregious; also, as noun: that which is worst.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)32/525 : Hit þenne þer to kimeð, þet sore, sorhfule angoise, þet stronge & stinkinde stiche..þet pine ouer pine.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)61/21 : In his flesch wes þe pine sarre þen eauer eani mon in his flesch þolede.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)2068 : When Seth..was comen hame fra Paradyse, Vn-tyll his fader fast gan he fare, Als he lay in sekenes sare.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)221a/a : It [saffron] destroyeþ al swellynge and boylynge and sore ache of yhen.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8061 : In sekenes sar he fand him stad.
- c1450(a1400) Lavynham Treat.7 Dead.Sins (Hrl 211)22/3 : Her of..comyth noon helthe but soor seknesse & deth.
- ?a1475 LDirige(2) (Dc 322)293 : A man that ys of a woman bore..With hote and colde, and hungor sore, Turmented ys from yere to yere.
b
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)125/32 : Bute ðu neme riht of ðe seluen of ðe misdades ðe ðu mis-dest..mid wope and sare beriwsinge..godes wraððe cumþ uppen ðe.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)24/398 : Eauer se hare murhðe wes mare to ȝederes, se þe sorhe is sarre ed te twinununge.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)107/8 : Þe teil þet is þe ende þrof is sar ofþunchunge & stingeð her wið atter of bitter bireowsunge.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)121/11 : Þe þridde fret his heorte of sar grome & of teone þet he unþonc hise teð i þe temptatiun þet tu stondest aȝein muchleð þi mede.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)868 : He was al sauf & sound of alle his sor greues.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2419 : Now, lord, haue routhe vpon my sorwes soore.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9088 : Yee..laes on me ful hard penance, For sar it es, mi repentance.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1775 : Þe payn of dede here es bitter and sare..ilk man þat of dede has mynde Dredes gretely þe dede here thurgh kynde.
- a1450(?c1350) Pride Life (ChrC-Dub)103 : Þe cors..No more þen stone in weye, Schal wit of sorow and sore care.
- a1450 Dux Moraud (BodPoet f.2)171 : I am semly to syttun syttys so sare.
- a1500(c1370) Chaucer Comp.L.(Benson-Robinson)14 : Ther is no wyght that wol me wo bereve To wepe ynogh, and wailen al my fille; The sore spark of peyne now doth me spille.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)172/16 : I am lette fall in the handis of robbers..which constrayne me to crye vengeaunce to Allmyghty God for the inportable and soore [CQ(1): hard; F dure] affliccions which thei haue putt vnto me for lacke of helpe.
c
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)469 : Þouh man be charged..Wid grete sinnes heuie and sore, He ne shal despeire neuere þe more.
- c1330 St.Greg.(Auch)51/131 : Ȝif auentour bitide euer more He com to liue and were aman, He miȝt se þe sinnes sore Hou he was ȝeten and of wham.
- a1425 Ihu cryste þat dyed (Roy 17.C.17)32 : Wyt þi grace my saule þu clere, Þat þe ffend as fyled wyt syne sore.
d
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)620 : Þorw þe miht of god þe maystrie is wonnen, And þorw his swete grace þe sarrest is passed.
- (1450) Complaint in War.AM 4183 : The..riotes..hau ben to the most hevyest and sarrest insample ayenst gode rule and restfull peas, that..was seene in that towne in eny man's dayes that nowe lyueth.
7.
In misc. senses: (a) ?sober, grave, discreet; (b) ?separated, parted; -- ?error for ser(e adj.(2); (c) contemptible, worthless.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6545 : Þe hod hongede adun alse he hudde his crune; wende æche oðer þat hit weore heore broðer þe þer sæt swa sære i þa spæc-huse.
- c1500 How GWife(3) (Ashm 61)50 : Change not þi countenans with grete lauȝter..Ne fare not as þou a gyglot were, Ne lauȝe þou not low, be þou þerof sore.
b
- a1275 Louerd asse þu ard (Trin-C B.14.39)16 : Ful þurue heo beoit abuten hore mesterre To makin us þuru sinne, of blisse to ben sære [rime: fere, here].
c
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10445 : Ses of þi saghis, þou sore homer, Þat writis of hym worchip, þat worthy is non.
8.
In proverbs.
Associated quotations
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.32 : Sor is word and sor is werk, Sor is bite and sor is berk.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)199/9 : From þe hyer þat a man falleþ þe sorrer is his fall.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)38 : Þe heiar degre, þe sarrar is þe falle, but presthed is heiar degre þan bodili matrimoyn, and þus þe prest in doing fornicacoun doþ sacrile.
9.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1297) Nickname in LuSE 55154 : Will. Sarfot.
- (1302-3) Acc.Chester in LCRS 5930 : Robert Sorebones.
- -?-(1283-4) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.964 : Willelmus Sarefote.