Middle English Dictionary Entry
bērd n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | bērd n.(1) Also beard(e, bærd, bard, beord, burd, (?error) breed. |
Etymology | OE beard |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The hair on a man's face, beard; also, the beard of certain women; (b) beveren ~, beaver-colored beard, reddish-brown beard; double ~, beard of two-headed god Janus; feined ~, false beard; hor ~, gray beard; piled ~, plucked beard; shere ~, sparse beard; tender ~, ?soft beard, ?youthful beard; blak ~, fair ~, forked ~, etc.; (c) ~ her, the hair of the beard.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10753 : He..hæhte ælcne mon of þan ærd þe hæfde on his chinne bærd [Otho: beord]..to Lunden liðen.
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)616 : His her tilde doun to is fet, of berde and of heued.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3584 : Sene it was here berdes on.
- c1330 KTars (Auch)35/100 : His here he rent of heued & berd.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)132.2 : As onement..þat falleþ into þe berde, þe berde of Aaron.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2097 : His berde & his briȝt fax for bale he totwiȝt.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1967 : Take þe kyng þat is ounhende..þan do an-honge him wyþ þe berde.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Jer.41.5 : The secounde forsothe dai..camen..eiȝteti men, shauen the berd [WB(2): with schauen beerdis].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3737 : For wel he wiste a womman hath no berd.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)44b/b : Somtyme wymmen of hote & moist complexioun hauen berdes.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)2 Kings 19.24 : Forsothe Myphibosech..cam doun..the feet vnwasshen, and the beerd vnshauen.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)190/16 : Þei wolde not spare to luggen hys blisful erys & drawyn þe her of hys berd.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)1979 : The berdes of þem wer gylt like vnto the gold wyre.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)120.126 (v.2:p.310) : Nazarie he fond lying hool and incorupt, with heer and breed [?read: beerd; L barba] and alle othir thyngis as thow he had hem [?read: ben] buryid the same day.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)105 : He had a berd, as thei sey, a fote long.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)95 : God forbediþ..to schaf þe berd.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)121/37 : It is lawefull for to schaue and to clyppe oure berdes.
b
- c1330 Roland & V.(Auch)664 : To fiȝt wiþ king charlis, Wiþ þe hore bard [rime: vp ward].
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2517 : Some helden with hym with the blake berd.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.205 : Longobardi..haueþ the name of her longe berdes.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.270 : A marchant was ther with a forked berd.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.627 : With scaled browes blake and piled berd.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1252 : Ianus sit by the fyr with double berd.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)18844 : Forked fair þe chin he bare And tender berd wit mikel hare.
- (1418) Let.Bk.in Bk.Lond.E.(Gldh LetBk I & K)97/1 : Þat no manere persone..be so hardy in eny wyse to walk by nyght in eny manere mommyng..with eny feynyd berdis.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2927 : He was..for al his longe berde, An olde Dotard, a coward, and aferde.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)101/7 : Þe men of þat land has schyre berdes [OF les barbes bien cleres], with few hares in þam.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)124/5 : All þe Tartarenes hase..lytill berdes [OF poy de barbe] and thynne.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)15.276 : He hath A long berd, & an hore.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)360 : Þe Jewes..of flocken..her fair berdis.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)7363 : He had a lange trety face, A thyn berde.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)43 : He..hadde a grym berde and steirne loke.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)294 : He hadde a grete beerde and a longe.
- a1500 Awntyrs Arth.(Dc 324)357 : He gliffed vp with his eighen..With his beueren berde.
c
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.325 : Denys, þe kyng..sweled of his berd heer [L barbæ capillum] with a firy cole.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)45a/a : Somtyme beerd here falleþ for wiþdrawynge of hete & of moisture, as it fariþ in men þat beþ I-gelded.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)543 : His berd-heire and his hedde hett hee too schave.
2.
(a) Tuft of hair on the chin or jaw of an animal; ~ of gotes, gotes ~, the name of a plant or plants, ?meadowsweet, ?goat's-beard (Tragopogon pratensis); (b) the whiskers of a cat or a leopard; (c) the wattles of a cock; (d) hair or fuzz on a leaf; (e) some kind of excrescence on a siege engine.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)20/23 : Com ut..an unwiht of helle on ane drakes liche..His lockes & his longe berd blikeden al of golde.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)701 : Hors and swin [?and gate] wit berd, þe gees, þe hennes of þe yerd, Al he solde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)276b/b : Þe goot haþ vnder þe chynne a berd þat is cleped armitum.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6511 : He fonde..A beest..ycleped Cessus..Berde it haþ longe ywoxe.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)73/10 : After þis..shal come a gote..þat shal haue hornes & berde of siluer.
- c1400 Daniel Herbal in Hunt Plant Names (Arun 42)8 : Adactis: .. gotysberd, barba hyrci.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)178a/b : Lapdanum is succus of berde of gotez biȝonde þe see.
b
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)135/18 : On heer sitt heer, anoþer þere, as the berd of a lyberd or of a cat.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)31 : Beerde: Barba, genobardum.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)28 : A Berde: barba, barbula, genorbodum cati est.
- ?a1500 Lndsb.Nominale (Lndsb)747 : Hec barba, Hoc genorbidum: a berd.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4110 : Haue ye no mannes herte and han a berd?
- c1500(a1449) Lydg.Aesop (Trin-C R.3.19)61 : The cok of kynde haþe..of his berde melancolyk felnes.
d
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)5.34 : These leues..Thre of hem arn berded..And too stande naked withoute dagge or berd.
e
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)2375 : The tortoys or the snayl, the rammys grete..The musculys eke with the pety berde, Lo alle these wil this Citee assaile.
3.
In personal names.
Associated quotations
- (1165) in Pipe R.Soc.834 : Reginaldus Berd.
- (c1200) Doc.Ireland in RS 5314 : Robertus Berd.
- (1225) Pat.R.Hen.III596 : Willelmum Blacberd.
- (1279) Assize R.Nhb.in Sur.Soc.88397 : Hutting Berd.
- (1281) Pat.R.Edw.I467 : [Richard] Blackeberd.
- (1296) Sub.R.Lewes in Sus.AC 2294 : Reginaldo Hevyberd.
- a1500(a1470) Brut-1461(1) (Add 10099)516/8 : Blew-berde & oþer..wer resisted, taken, & had Iustice.
- -?-(1315) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.9616 : Radulphus Jolifberd.
4a.
In phrases: (a) nether ~, pubic hair; spring, springing (out) of ~, puberty; (b) henten bi the ~, to seize (sb.) by the beard; maken (one's) ~, maken (sb.) a ~, shaven (one's) ~, to get the better of (sb.), make a fool of, outwit; also, to overcome (sb.) in a fight, defeat; shaken (bi) the ~, to shake (sb.) by the beard; turnen ayen the ~, to turn one's face, turn around, go back; (c) aforn ~, face to face with (sb.), at close quarters with; in the ~, to one's face, directly, at close quarters; casten in ~, putten ayen ~, to reproach (sb.) openly with (sth.); kepen (meten) in the ~, to meet (sb.) face to face, meet head-on, make a frontal assault on, attack at close quarters; rennen in ~, to oppose (sb.) openly; reproven in the ~, to rebuke (sb.) to his face; spitten in (amid) the ~, to spit in (someone's) face; (d) despite his ~, maugre their ~, in spite of anything he (they) can do.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)69b/a : Þey come to þe ȝere of pupberte, þat is when þe neþir berd her growiþ first in þe schare [L ad annum pubertatis]..In tyme of puberte of þe neþir berd springe [L pubertatis tempore], þay schameþ noȝt to be sene naked.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)142a/a : Þai perish afore þe pubescence i. springing out of berde [*Ch.(2): tofore growynge of berde].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)147b/a : It comeþ atuyx enfauntnez & puberte i. springing of berde.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.528 : Bi thi berd y schuld þe schokke, þat al þi teþ it schuld rokke.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)1464 : Traitours tourneþ aȝein þe berd..& we wole make þe freinche fle.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4096 : Yet kan a millere make a clerkes berd For al his art.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4548 : He hadde hent kyng Priam by the berd And slayn hym.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.361 : Yet koude I make his berd, so moot I thee.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7509 : A bere, a leon, bath i mete..And scok þam be þe berdes [Frf: berde] sua, þat i þair chafftes raue in tua.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3154 : Thelagonys..þe proude porter hent be þe berde, And with his fyste roof his chawle boon.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)11/30 : Þe right aire of þat cuntre Es cumen, with all his knightes fre To schac him by þe berd.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)4340 : Ful slily he disceyuyd þis meyne, His sonnes and his doughtres boþ, I mene; Hir berdes shaued he right smothe & clene.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)689 : And moo berdys in two houres Withoute rasour or sisoures Ymad, then greynes be of sondes.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)97/30 : Ponthus..said that he shuld make his berd and he tovched hym.
- (c1450) Now is the Fox drevin (CotR 2.23)225 : He abideth that makethe alle your berdes.
- c1475 Guy(4) (Cai 107/176)9488 : I shuld shake thy berd so sore, Thy teth shuld fall owte.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)19 : They lystyn her gode scharp Swerdys And leydyn on the sarsyns and schoven here berdys.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)171/189 : Might I thaym haue spyde, I had made thaym a berd.
- a1500 Degrev.(Cmb Ff.1.6)835 : I shal schak hym by þe berd.
- a1500 PFulham (Jas 43)46 : Thus berdes byn made al day.
c
- a1250 Wooing Lord (Tit D.18)279 : Þen mon him for schendlac i þe beard spitted.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)79a : Spite him amid te beard [Pep: amydde þe berd]..þe flikereð swa wið þe.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.325 : Moyses..slowȝ a man..A morwe a man of Hebrewe putte þat aȝen Moyses berd.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.207 : Þe cuntre sone he fond, in his berd redy ran.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.514 : But liche a kynȝt, euene aforn her berd, He gan prese in as her fo mortal.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1138 : And in þe berd king Prothenor hem mette..Lik a tigre or a wylde bore.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)14/96 : Oure king Edward come ful still..And keped him in þe berde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.41 : And in the berd withouten lenger lette, Hire fomen in the feld anon hem mette.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)1383 : He busked to hem as hard..And kepe him euene in the berd.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)87b : Þilke power þat was y-send by priuey weies [meteþ] wiþ hem in þe berd.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)297 : Þise men þat..knowen defaute in certeyn persones shulden reproue hem in here beerd.
- c1475(?a1440) Burgh Cato(1) (Rwl C.48)722 : Wedde nat a wiffe for hir inheritaunce, For she wol caste it wel oft in thy berde.
d
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1084 : Þat Troilus..eskaped to be prisoner, Dispit his berd, & maugre his power.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)783 : Here sal þou be mawgre þaire berd.
4b.
Proverbs: a bare ~ wol sone ben shaven, a scrawny beard is soon shaved, ?a little fortune is soon spent; wel wot the cat whos ~ he likketh, ?the cat knows very well who is his friend, ?he knows which side his bread is buttered on; when berdes waggen all, when every beard is wagging, when festivities are at their height.
Associated quotations
- a1300 Trin-C.Prov.(Trin-C O.2.45)7 : Wel wot hure cat, whas berd he lickat: Murelegus bene scit, cuius barbam lambere suescit.
- a1325 Prov.Hend.(Cmb Gg 1.1)st.40 : Þarafter metit he his fo..Ne doth he him no blisse. 'Wel wote badde wose berde he lickith.'
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1164 : Mery swiþe it is in halle, Whan þat berdes [LinI: burdes] waweþ alle.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.50 : Welle wotes the catte, whoos berde he lykkys.
- a1475 Lord what is (Hrl 5396)75 : A bare berd wyl sone be shave, Ther as ys but lyttyl here abut; I mene by them that mekyll wold have, And bene bothe pore and eke prowde.
- c1475 Rwl.Prov.(Rwl D.328)p.120 : Hyt is mery in hall', when berdys waggyth' all': Aula gaudescit, cum barbula queque mouescit.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. beard.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(c)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. beard hair.