Middle English Dictionary Entry
sodein adj.
Entry Info
Forms | sodein adj. Also sodeine, sodain(e, soden(e, sodan(e, sodand, sothen, soudein, sudein(e, suddeine, sud(d)aine, sudan(e & sōdein & (errors) sodey, sedane. |
Etymology | OF sodain, sodeine, soudain(e, soudene, AF sudein(e. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Happening all at once, appearing or occurring suddenly; of a disease, morbid condition, etc.: developing quickly, appearing spontaneously; of a change: abrupt; ~ drede (fer, gastnesse), sudden fear, panic; (b) unexpected, unforeseen, not prepared for; of an army: appearing unexpectedly, unlooked for; ~ ded (deth), unexpected death; (c) happening without delay, swiftly ensuing; immediate, prompt, speedy; ~ deth, summary death; on (upon) ~ deth dien, to die a speedy death; (d) of a person: acting without forethought, rash; of an act: unpremeditated, impetuous; of anger, a feud, judgment: hasty, reckless; (e) of a turn in a path: abrupt, sharp; (f) momentary, transitory; (g) of ~ aventure, accidentally, by mere chance; (h) as noun: violence, violent action; (i) in proverbs.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Wisd.17.14 : Forsothe to them sodeyn [WB(2): sudeyn; L subitaneus] and vnhopid drede ouercam.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 4.19 : Þer fellyn in hir sodeyne [L subiti] sorewis.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Prov.3.25 : Ne drede þou with soodeyn [L repentino] gastnesse.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2324 : Ye may nat deme for the best a sodeyn thought that falleth in youre herte.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)121b/b : Sodeyne chaunginge of coold in to hete chaungiþ and apeireþ bodies; and þat for kynde suffriþ nouȝt sodeyn chaungingis..þerfore ofte sodeyne chaunginges of tymes is cause of sekenesse.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)261a/a : Þe delphyn..falleþ to þe botome sodeynliche..whanne he hiereþ þondrynge and sodeyn oþer gret moeuynge and noyse.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.600 : Wykked humours inwardly habounde, With sodeyn fevere folkis to confounde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.667 : This was a sodeyn love; how myght it be That she so lightly loved Troilus, Right for the firste syghte?
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Job 22.10 : Therfor thou art cumpassid with snaris; and sodeyn drede disturblith thee.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)5129 : Right swa þe commyng of man son sal be, Sodayne and bright and dreful to se.
- a1425 Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Wel 225)387/168 : Apoplexia..is a sudane gusshynge out of blode with nerhand a stranglynge & chokynge of hys blud.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.3.17 : Thanne schyneth Phebus ischaken with sodeyn light and smyteth with his beemes in merveylynge eien.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.1.35 : No sodeyn [vr. sudeyne] mutacioun ne bytideth noght withouten a manere chaungynge of corages.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)147a/a : Excessyue innaturale hete of þe reynez in ȝong men is cause of sudan gendryng of þe stone.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)163a/b : A goode plaster for hote enpostumes & sodeyn swellinges.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.41/16 : It happid yn a Towne that ys callid enfelde beestis to dye with harde & sodayne pestlence.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Hrl 1766)9.3450 : This book remembryng of the sodeyn fallys Off famous prynces.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)99/206 : Mangew..wil come of sodayne fast ridynge when an hors aftur gret traueyle or aftur gret swetynge stonduþ vnheled or out of house.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1004/15 : They drew all to the castell, and furthewith there fylle a tempeste suddeyne of thundir and lyghtnynge and rayne.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)5.133 : Helene..herenge that sodeyn disposicion of Constantyne here son, sende letters to hym.
- ?a1475 Banester Guiscardo (Add 12524)89 : Hyr fader, seynge thys sodeyne auenture, So son wyffe and so sodeynly wedow..with hewy hert..made a wow.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)173/14 : Happili resoun haþ a sodeyn blusch of knowing þerof.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)99/20 : In all maner of lettirs he saued his people fro sodeyn feer.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)122b : Sedane, vbi sodane.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)2067 : With this Answer ther roos a sodey [read: sodeyn] cry, Noise in the peepil clamour & wepyng.
- a1500 Let.Alex.(Wor F.172)456 : Thiese trees hadden the height of c feete, whiche the yndes clepeden Imbriouns, or sodayne Raynes.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.14.17 : He is to gidre broken with sudeyn [L repentino] cummynge of aduersaries.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.231 : Þis Darius..loste seuenty þowsand men of armes in sodeyn reses and chekkes.
- 1389 Nrf.Gild Ret.113 : If he deye soden dede, be water or be lond, he schal be soughte vj myle a-boute.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.316 : The sodeyn cas this man astoneyd so That reed he wax abayst.
- a1400(?c1300) LFMass Bk.(Roy 17.B.17)594 : What sodan chaunce þat comes vs tille, oþerwayse þen were oure wille.
- a1400 Ffadur and sone (RwlLtrg g.2)54 : Schilde me fro soden deþe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5945 : Noon so hardy of herte..But þat he was astonied..Of þis merueile and þis cas sodeyne.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1951 : What es til man mare certayn Þan þe dede es þat es swa sodayn [L incercius].
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.276 : Crist knockiþ at oure doris whanne he techiþ us signes of deþ..but þe laste knockyng is sudeyne.
- c1440 Lorde gode Ihu (Thrn)36 : Þou..has sparede me..fra myschance & sudayne dedes.
- a1450(c1409) Man haue hit (Dgb 102)101 : Sodeyn deþ nyl no man kenne.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)127/42 : A sodayne sight was till vs sente: A royall sterne þat rose or day.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)297 : Þe sodand lyght him vmbylapp.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)70/18 : Brothir, I litill wende to have mette with you at thys suddayne adventure.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)147/14 : Here may ye se what soddeyn adventures befallys ouftyn of arraunte knyghtes.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)120 : Nedith his reuenues to be..gretter than woll be the charges, for doute of soden cases, wich mey falle to hym and to his reaume; For..yf a mannes expenses be egall to his livelode, a soden chaunce mey distroye his estate.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)125 : Yff ther come a sodayne armye vpon this londe by see or by lande, þe kyng most encomptre them with a lyke armye.
- c1475(a1449) Lydg.SPuer(1) (LdMisc 683)77 : Be nat copious also of language..For los or lucre or ony cas sodeyne [vrr. sodayne, sodene].
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)89/5 : Ȝif eny do fornicacion or a-vowtrie with a womman þrouȝ sodeyne chaunce, al be þe wommanus sterynge and noȝt of his owene purposynge or deliberacion, then is myche lasse penaunce for to be enioyned vnto hym.
- a1500 God of hewine (Tit A.26)125 : Pray than to the holy goste, What sothen a wenture the be-falle..Ȝe be hoslyd as welle as he.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10944 : It wolde him haue holpen fro pershing And from sodein perille to him falling.
c
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Thes.5.3 : Whanne thei schulen seye pees and sikurnesse, thanne sudeyn perischinge..schal come aboue to hem.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)390 : Vppon sodeyne deþ þou schalt sone dye.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)16.266/470 : On sodeyn deþ sone dyed he.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)65b/b : Kynde hete faileþ & sodeyn deþ folewiþ but þer be socour þe sonner.
- c1400 Aelred Inst.(1) (Vrn)28/112 : An angel..slow wit sodeyn deþ here pursuour of here maydenhood.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2036 : Ordeyned is..A man to haue in a temple þere Sodeyn answere of what him list enquere.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3680 : Sodeyn pees oyther hasty werre Moot folwe anon.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)130a/b : Ȝif þe spondiles of þe neck oþer of þe breste be dislocate, it is to doute of sodeine deþe be cause of impediment of a mannes winde and his lunges.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)137/20 : Onone after he dyed a sodan dead.
- c1450 Royal SSecr.(Roy 18.A.7)18/15 : Thi servaunt wolle be like to thee, takyng on him hasty and sodeyne vengeaunce.
d
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.541 : Wikked ire is in two maneres, that is to seyn sodeyn ire or hastif ire with oute auisement and consentynge of reson.
- (c1391) Gower CA Suppl.(Bod 294)7.3170* : Alisandre..Of sodein wraththe and nought of right Forjugged hath.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.688 : Sche slowh hem in a sodein rage.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)28563 : Þi smale sinnes es no nede Ilkan for to reken and rede, For riueli mai we find þam son..Als wreth þat scort and sodenes [read: soden es].
- (1415) Doc.Conspir.Hen.V in D.K.R.43591 : Ale y did to put thaim from takyng of any soden purpos.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.2248 : With sodeyn rage her hertes were to-tore.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1024 : Criseyde..Retornyng in hire soule ay up and down The wordes of this sodeyn Diomede.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)73/11 : Þanne were þei ouerleid wiþ a sodeyne rage, and the roche tremblid in such wise that it hooly brak and clave a-sondir.
- a1450(1414) Whanne alle a kyngdom (Dgb 102)18 : To hasty slauȝt, and sodeyn fed, Lawe ȝeueþ no grace to heme.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)202/9 : Þu schalt noȝt ȝeue soden jwgement of one tokyn, but of many, acordyng qwedyr it be to gode or euyl.
e
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4942 : It hapneth at a soudein wente..He fell unwar into a pet.
f
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.pr.3.87 : Artow now comen first, a sodeyn [L subitus] gest, into the schadowe or tabernacle of this lif?
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.77 : Wilt þou trowe þat þou þe ferste be Þat into þis lif come as a sodeyn gest.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)28/38 : Þo lijknessis and ymagis ben kept..in þilk crossid synew, and siȝt is maad vpon hem at sum while for a schort sudeyn while.
g
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.619 : A gret ston from an hull on hyh Fel doun of sodein aventure.
- c1500(a1449) Lydg.Aesop (Trin-C R.3.19)248 : The lambe, þe wolf..Boþe at onys of soden auenture To a fresshe ryuer..came downe to drynke.
h
- ?a1475 PParv.(Win)215 : Hayste, or sodayne: Impetus.
i
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4992 : After þe calm folweth sodeyn rage.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Prov.12.19 : The lippe of treuthe schal be stidfast with outen ende; but he that is a sudeyn witnesse makith redi the tunge of leesyng.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.2910 : Sodeyn ascendyng doth sodenli declyne.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.1211 : Sodeyn clymbyng axeth a sodeyn fall.
- (1449) Metham AC (Gar 141)796 : Redy womannys wytt ys yn soden casys off necessyte.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)2.238 : Þe sodeyn witnesse disposyt & ordeynyth a tunge of lyynge.
- a1500(a1449) Lydg.Haste (Cmb Kk.1.6)57 : Hasty blosomes a sodeyne wynde doth skape.