Middle English Dictionary Entry
smōke n.
Entry Info
Forms | smōke n. Also smok, smoc, (error) smake; pl. smokes, smokkes. |
Etymology | OE smoca, smocca. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. smek(e n.
1.
(a) Smoke produced by a burning or smoldering substance; also fig.; ~ and smorther (smolder), smorther and ~; (b) a puff, cloud, or column of smoke; ben on a ~, to be emotionally disturbed; reisen (upreisen) a ~, create a disturbance, cause trouble; reisen a ~ on, cause (sb.) to flee; (c) smoke as a sign or punishment from God; smoke as an embodiment of the majesty of God; also, a cloud of such smoke; (d) smoke from Hell; also, a cloud of such smoke; helle ~; (e) in cpds.: ~ ferthing, a hearth tax; ~ hole (thirl), a hole to let smoke out of a house; ~ hous, a smokehouse; ~ silver, a payment to watchmen; a payment for the right to gather firewood; (f) in proverbs and prov. expressions.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Me henged up bi the fet & smoked heom mid ful smoke.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)20/29 : Of his [dragon's]..muð sperclede fur ut, & of his nease-þurles þreste smorðrinde smoke.
- a1300 PMor.(Jes-O 29)19 : Elde is me bi-stolen on..Ne may ich bi-seo me bi-fore for smoke ne for myste.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)10139 : Fram rome he broȝte an heste þat me here nome Petres peni of ech hous þat smoke out of come.
- c1330 Roland & V.(Auch)296 : Þe toun ganbern..& of þe smoc of þat toun, Mani takeþ þer of pusesoun.
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)479 : Et pur feu vn aumayre: And for smoke a smoke-hole.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Apoc.8.4 : The smoke [L fumus] of encensis of the preyers of halewis stiȝede up of the aungelis hond bifore God.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.159 : Som..leueþ..by honysoukels i-dryed wiþ smoke oþer wiþ þe sonne.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.1556 : Whan every thing was fulli spoke Of sorwe and queint was al the smoke, Tho tok his leve Allee the king.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3453 : Hij..brenten tounes and þe heþes; Þe smok was so gret and leyte Þat Darries ost it dude awayte.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.341 : Smoke and..smolder..smyt in owre eyghen.
- c1400 Apoc.(2) (Hrl 171)38/17 : Þe smoke of þe encensis of þe preiers of seyntis wenten up fro þe aungels hond bifore God.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)163/17 : A round wyndowe abouen..serueth for delyuerance of smoke [Man.(2): reke; F fume].
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)258/32 : Þis synne..is doon..wiþ malice and þe smoke of pride.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1967 : Wyth a faget on myn hond for to settyn on a fyre..I schal makyn swyche a powdyr, Boþe wyth smoke and wyth smodyr, [etc.].
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)769 : Flaumbe ys but lyghted smoke.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)101/23 : He..shold take..iiij d. of euery hede house..whos dore is opened toward the strete and in the which ben men dwellyng and smoke comyth out.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.23.15b : Swete schal þe smoke of þilke fier smelle to þe face of þi lord ihesu.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)103b/a : Þe quytture..wexiþ drie, hard, and sad, riȝt as doiþ þe smoke vpon a wal or a chymeney.
- a1500 Hisp.SSecr.(Rwl C.83)9/4 : Þies..þingis..feblith þe body..to ete salt mete and dry, as bacon..such as hath hongyd long in þe smoke.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)4978-9 : Who so in þe fire it [ointment] cast And þe smook þerof vp brast, Als fer as þe smoke ȝede..May no wicchecraft be dight.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9512 : The smorther & the smoke of þe smert loghys..waivet in the welkyn.
b
- (?1387) Wimbledon Serm.(Corp-C 357)79/296 : Judas was among þe apostelis..as a smoke þat blendeþ mennys eiȝen in place of clier fier.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.238 : The smokys departid wer in tweyen At the fest of fires funeral.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.3269 : An oignement..kepte hym fro damage Of þilke fire..And þe smokys, dirke and ful horrible, Whiche to eskape was almost impossible.
- (?c1425) Hoccl.Jonathas (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)57 : Sholde y a neewe smoke now vp reyse..than were y nat to preise.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.3742 : Whan thei were brent into asshes dede..Hih in the hair the smokes wente assonder.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)67/28 : Þe feend, as a smoke, vanysched awey.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)1838 : The light armure..Thorgh shulde passe and first with shot prouoke The aduerse part, and on hem reyse a smoke.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)21585 : A-mong the smokys blake, Ther he [Satan] gan hys bed to make.
- a1500(a1450) Parton.(1) (Add 35288)10461 : Meliore to þis fayne wolde haue spoke; Her herte for hete was on a smoke That Claryn liste not better to say Of Partonope at þat day.
- a1500 How GMan(1) (Cmb Ff.2.38)120 : Wemen in wrath þey can noght hyde, But soone they can reyse a smoke.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)65,66 : Þe hul bi-gan to quakien and out of one stude A smoke þare cam..Swottore þing nas neuere non þane þat smake [read: smoke] smulde.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3465 : Dinede an migtful hornes blast; Smoke up rekeð and munt quakeð; Slep ðor non de ða ne up-wakeð.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.123 : Þe temple fulfilled of smook [WBible(2): smooke] of þe mageste of god & of his vertu.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.4.5 : The Lord broȝte forth vp on eche place of the mount of Sion..a cloude bi dai and smoke, and shynyng of fyr flaumende in nyȝt.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)955 : Þe rayn rueled adoun, ridlande þikke, Of felle flaunkes of fyr and flakes of soufre Al in smolderande smoke, smachande ful ille, Swe aboute Sodamas..Gorde to Gomorra.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)4727 : I sal gyfe..takens doun in erthe ere-on to luke, Þat es blode and fire and brethe of smoke.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.295 : God..spac to hem..in feer and smoke.
d
- c1300 Body & S.(5) (LdMisc 108)p.61 : Þe erþe it openede anon; Smoke and smoþer op it wal.
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (LdMisc 108)500 : Huy i-seiȝen ane hul wel feor in þe north, glowinde and brenninde smoke, gret stunch so was þere.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)Apoc.9.2 : He openyde the pitt of depnesse and [WB(2) vr. adds: a] smoke of the pitt stiȝede up as the smoke of a greet fourneys.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.208 : In helle hir sighte shal be ful of derknesse and of smoke [vr. smok] and therfore ful of teeres.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)7100 : Þe ellevend payne es teres of gretyng..what for sorow, and what thurgh smoke..þai salle ay grete.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)35/11 : O fire of helle..of whome the wode is glotonye..the smoke is the evill name, [etc.].
- c1450(c1400) Rev.Jul.Norwich (Add 37790)73/3 : A lytelle smoke come in atte the dore with a grete hete and a fowle stynke.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)174/25 : Ȝe schul wepe in helle-smoke.
e
- a1333 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Add 46919)976 : Ye smokethurl [vr. lover; glossing AF (Cmb): aumeire].
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)479 : Et pur feu vn aumayre: And for smoke a smoke-hole.
- (1420) Acc.St.Michael Bath in SANHS 2325 : In factura de ij smoke holys in domo Willelmi Osbarne, iij d. ob.
- 1444 Reg.Alnwick in Wordsworth Stat.LC [OD col.]487 : Commissio ad leuand. le smoke ffardyngis, alias dict. Lincoln farthinges.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)149/12 : Vn-bynde hym [rod] & let hym drye yn a smoke howse or yn a howsroyf.
- (1470) Statutes Ireland 3p.664 : Lez quewx viewers & agaites auoient del dit Counte gages le quele este appelle le Smoksiluer.
- a1500(1452) Cart.Boarstall in OHS 88196 : De quolibet homine de villata de Brehull colligente rasell seu siccum boscum in foresta predicta annuatim 1 d.; et dicta pecunia vocatur vulgariter nuncupata Smokesyluer.
f
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7072 : xii hundred oȝain fourti þousinde Ferd, so smoke oȝain þe winde.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2276 : Thre thynges dryuen a man out of his hous, that is to seyn, smoke, droppyng of reyn, and wikked wyues.
- (c1422) Hoccl.Dial.(Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)683 : Wher no fyr maad is, may no smoke aryse.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.2 Merch.(Hrl 2255)68 : Withoute smoke, fire ne may nat brenne.
- c1450(?a1449) ?Lydg.Marriage (Dgb 181)90 : Shrewed wyfes, rayne, and smokes blake Makith husbondes there howses to fforsake.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)154/10 : After fyir comyth smoke.
- c1460 Tree & Fruits HG (McC 132)78/21 : Lete it be quenchid as fere in his owne smoke.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.53.36a : Hoo so come hom to his hows and founden noþing þerinne bute stinkynde smoke and flitend wif, he wolde sone renne out of it.
- a1500(c1450) Idley Instr.(Arun 20)2.S.161 : Women in a howse..Can no more be closyd þen of fyer þe smoke.
- a1500 Prov.MS.Harley 3362 in Whiting Prov.p.182 : Wher no feer ys ybere, no smoke arysyth.
2.
(a) Steam, vapor, fumes; ~ of minerales, a compound made by oxidizing the vapors of smelted metals; a ~ of mist, a cloud of mist; (b) physiol. vapor or fumes produced by digestion of food or evaporation of humors in the body; (c) an odor-bearing emanation or emission, a smell.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)75b/b : Reyne is þe smoke of watres þat þe sonne drawiþ vpwardes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)132b/a : Smoke þat is I-drawe vp out of þe erþe of þe see by vertue of hete infectiþ þe eire ande makeþ it þicke & brediþ clowdis & myst.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)196b/a : By hete of fyr it [quicksilver] is soone wasted away in smoke.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)179a/ b : Tuthia, smoke of mineralez..confortatyue of eyen.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)101/23 : Þai bring..metes als hate as þai come fra þe fire, and þai late þe smoke of þam ascend vp towardes þe ydoles.
- a1450 Diseases Women(2) (Sln 2463)148 : Lete sethe kerslokkis..oþer skyrwittes in wyne, And lete hyr sitten ouer þe smoke þerof þat it may come to hyre pryue membre.
- a1450 Liber Cophonis (Add 34111)35/200 : Mak a stew in þis maner: Tak hote coles..do aboue þes coles a lytel licorice and mirre and storax and..holde þe mouþe opyn ouer þe hole þat þe smoke may entre þer in.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1645 : Such a smoke gan out wende Out of his [Aeolus's] foule trumpes ende, Blak, bloo, grenyssh, swartish red, As doth where that men melte led.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)206/16 : Take wermot and boyle yt well in water and þen hold þyn hede well ouer the smoke.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)30/6 : Fylle þe vessell almoste vp to þe necke of rygh stronge wyn and..stoppe it well a-bowte, soo þat no smoke goo owte.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)693 : Nothinge he saugh, but as it [voice] hadde ben a smoke of myste in the eyre that myght not passe out.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)27a/a : In þe lyuour is strong boilinge & seþinge, & þerof comeþ a smoke & is I-purrid & I-made sotil of veynes of þe lyuour.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)53a/b : Grete holouȝnes of þe brest is nedeful..þat þe longes mowe close & opene to kele þe hote smoke of þe herte.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)77a/a : Whanne smoke of mete comeþ in to þe brayn we slepiþ eþeliche.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)225a/b : Þe bene..brediþ þikke blood and malencolik and also þikke smoke and grieueþ þe brayn þer wiþ.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)44a/a : Ȝif þer were enye þinge engenderde off þe nature of her þat were sadde as is þe skinne, þe fume oþer þe smoke myȝte not liȝtlye passe þurȝ it.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)44b/b : Þe commissures of þe heued..weren liche a sawe..be cause þat manye þingis moste passen þurȝ hem, as sinewes, veines, fume oþer smoke.
- a1450 Diseases Women(2) (Sln 2463)86 : Whan þer comyth a corupt smoke fro the moder and gothe up to þe hed..that smoke may noȝt abyde in the hede but smytith downe into þe hert.
- a1450 Diseases Women(2) (Sln 2463)88 : Yeff the humours be hote, she felith prykkyng and brennyng in þe depnesse of þe moder and þerof ben resolued hote smokes þat ben disperlid [read: dispersid] thorough all þe body.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)16a/a : The heer..is but a superfluyte of membris y-maad of þe gros fume or smoke passinge out of þe viscous mater condensid or y-þickid to þe foorme of an heer.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)16a/a : The nailis is a superfluite of membris y-gendrid of grete erþeli smoke resolued þoruȝ þe kyndeli hete of humouris.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)218/22 : Dronknesse makyth for-yetynge in the Sowle, by reyson that the grete smokkes gone vp to the brayn and troubelyth the ymagynacion.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)69/24 : Kembyng of þe heued latys out þe smoke [Hisp.: fumositeis; Ashmole: vapours; L vapores] of þe stomake þat comes vp to hit yn tyme of slepyng.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)25b/a : Þe smoke of þe body þat is I-smellid is I-medlid wiþ aier, þe whiche þe smale chambres of þe brayn drawiþ to..smel is nouȝt ellis but a substaunce of aier oþir of smoke þat comeþ of a body.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)161b/b : Þe venymouse fysshe..þroweth out of his Iawys..a fumouse smelle most stynkyng, And the whale þroweþ out of his mouþe a swete smellyng smoke and putteþ of þe toþer stynkyng smelle.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)210b/a : Þe male [palm tree] smelleþ more þan þe femele, for more smal and sotil smoke is resolued of þe male.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)79/7 : A rotid vlcus is stynkynge..& out of him passiþ a stynkynge smel eiþer smoke, as doiþ out of fleisch þat is rotid.
- a1500 Add.37075 Gloss (Add 37075)45/183b : Suffumigare: to make swete smok.
3.
In place name.
Associated quotations
- 1257 *Deed in Cartulary of Oseney Abbey (Ch.Ch.MS.) [OD col.]fol.64v : Item, de una acra que vocatur Smoc-acre, in australi parte gardini Dominie.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.140/25 : Of j acre the which is i-called þe smocacre In the Sowth parte of þe lordys gardyne.