Middle English Dictionary Entry
shiver(e n.
Entry Info
| Forms | shiver(e n. Also shever(e, shewer, shefure, szivere; pl. shiver(e)s, etc. & shevres, (early SWM) scivren, scifren & (error) schiuereþ. |
| Etymology | Perh. OE (cp. OHG scivero); but also cp. MLG schēver, schiver. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. shive n.
1.
(a) A slice, piece, usu. of bread or other food; (b) a splinter, fragment, chip; ?also, a rock fragment, mason-chip [quot.: 1432]; shiveres of the rib, fragments of a broken rib; gon (shaken, toflien, etc.) to shiveres, to break into bits; (c) pl. flax straw, prob. used as thatch; (d) a pulley wheel, sheave.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)198 : Szyvere [vr. a schive; glossing AF (Cmb): lesche].
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)92/1826 : Now ich wolde ȝeue hit kof For a schiuer of a lof.
- 1381 Dc.257 Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)67.25/6 : For to make mylk rost..scher yt on schyuerys & roste yt on a grydern.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1840 : Haue I nat of a capoun but the lyuere And of youre softe breed nat but a shyuere [vr. scheuere].
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)303/5 : Lete him ete a schiuer of breed toostid.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)447 : Schyvere, of brede or oþer lyke: Lesca, scinda.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)40 : Schere on schevres & roste it.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)592/23 : Lesca: a shefure of brede [Suppl.adds: or of fleys of fyshe or leshe].
- ?c1450 Iff a man (Stockh 10.90)324/701 : For peyne of teth dragance is good; A thenne scheuer of þe rote, Leyd on þe place in mowth, doth bote.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)59 : To mak lesche freeȝ tak and cutt tenches in schevers.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2264 : Scip ærne to-ȝen scip, þa hit al towonde to scifren.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13868 : Sceld aȝein scelden sciuren þer wunden.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)7213 : Wiþ þe spere he him smot smertliche..Þat alto schiuereþ [vr. shyuers] it to-fleye.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)3234 : It was na wapen þat man might welde, Might get a shever out of þaire shelde.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)53b/a : Þe first entension..is complete if þe solucioun is not apte & any strange þing be atuix þe partiez, as squirla or shyuer of a bone [L vt puta squamula ossis] seperate prickyng.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)98b/b : Also what tyme þat þu worchest in þe braine panne and þou schalt done aweie litel schyuers oþer scrapinges of þe braine panne.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)129b/b : Ȝif þe parties oþer þe schewers of þe ribbe þe whiche is lifte vppe be festend..bi depressioune in þe schewers oþer in þe parties of þe ribbe þat is depressed, þe partie þat was lifte vppe þurȝ depressioun of þine honde schulde lifte vppe þurȝ his vertue þe partye þat is depressed and so schulde it be restored.
- (1432) Fabric R.Yk.Min.in Sur.Soc.3549 : De 2 s. de Thoma Mix pro quadam porcione de shyvers.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)447 : Schyvyr: Fissula, abscindula.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)69/20 : The Irysh knyght smote Balyn on the shylde that all wente to shyvers of hys spere.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)161a/a : Þer ben summe schiueris of bonys þat pricken in þe dura mater.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)6904 : To shevers wente bothe þere shaftes.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)177 : His good schyld all to-brast, In schevyres spred wase there.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6888 : A felle spere..shok alto schyuers.
c
- c1450 WBible(2) (Bod 277)Josh.2.6 : Stobil or schyueres [Roy: Sche made the men to stie in to the soler of hir hows and hilide hem with stobil of flex].
d
- (c1425) in Salzman Building in Engl.327 : [12 s. 6 d. for 4 copper] trendel [called] sheverys [weighing 38 lbs., made for the great machine at Bristol].
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Cmb.Ee.1.13 Recipes (Cmb Ee.1.3:Clarke) 223/12 : Forto make clene thy boke yf yt be defouled or squaged. Take a schevyr of old broun bred, of þe crummys, and rub thy boke þerwith sore vp and downe, and yt shal clense yt.
Note: Postdates sense (a). New spelling (schevir).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. shiver.