Middle English Dictionary Entry

sharp adj.
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1.
(a) Of a weapon, tool, etc.: sharp of edge, keen; of a spear, pick, needle, thorn, etc.: sharp of point; also fig. [quot.: c1400 Bk.Mother 38/27]; (b) in proverbial or traditional comparisons; -- sometimes in fig. context; (c) in cpds. & combs.: ~ clawed; ~ egged [OE scearp-ecged]; ~ grounden, keen-edged; sharp-ground [see also grinden v.(1) 3.(a)]; ~ heded, having a sharp point; ?~ nail, nails of some kind; ~ whet, whetted sharp.
2.
(a) Pointed; tapered; of a corner: angular; ~ bon, the breast bone; (b) of leaves: lanceolate; (c) her. having a serrated or zigzag design.
3.
(a) Prickly, spiny; also in prov. comparisons; also, of woods: ?dense; (b) of cloth, clothing, etc.: rough in texture; (c) of a stone, a bone: jagged; (d) of a path, terrain, etc.: rough, uneven, rugged; of a country: mountainous; of the sea, waves: rough, tossing; ~ of wodes, ?filled with woods; (e) protuberant, raised; of the face: sharp-featured; ?angular; of a wound: rough-surfaced.
4.
(a) Of physical pain, sickness, hunger, etc.: acute, intense, severe; ~ fever, a high fever; ~ hete, ?penetrating or intense heat in the digestive tract [quot.: a1400, 2nd]; ?a high fever [quot.: ?c1425, lst]; (b) of a sore: painful; of death: painful; also, violent; also, of a wound: ?severe; ~ fir, erysipelas (rendering L acer ignis or F eger fu; (c) of a whip, scourge, etc.: biting, stinging, cutting; of a gnat, fly, etc.: stinging; also, as noun: a stinging fly; ~ on bite; ~ tailed.
5.
(a) Of words, speech: sharp, harsh, cutting; of the tongue: vituperative; (b) harsh-sounding; strident, shrill; (c) high-pitched; shrill, piercing.
6.
(a) Of life, labor, an experience, etc.: difficult, hard, trying; of an attack, a battle, strife, etc.: furious, violent, bitter; ~ shour(es; (b) of punishment, judgment: harsh, severe; of a confessor, a master: stern, strict; of the face: stern-looking; (c) of penance, abstinence, etc.: rigorous, austere; of food, rations, goods: scant, limited; (d) unpleasant, disagreeable.
7.
(a) Of an emotion, a feeling, etc.: strong, keen, intense, great; of emotional pain: acute, severe; of a sigh: intense, vehement; (b) fierce, ferocious; irascible, acrimonious; also, angry [quot.: c1384]; ?also, of strength: great [quot.: a1300]; ~ o mod, angry in mind, enraged; (c) eager, ready; ~ biginninge, an eager, enthusiastic beginning.
8.
(a) Of weather, a tempest: violent, severe; of rain: hard; ~ shour(es; also fig.; (b) of wind: brisk, strong, cold; of winter: cold.
9.
(a) Swift, fast-moving; ~ haste, great haste; (b) ?quickly or easily traversed.
10.
(a) Intelligent, keen, incisive; of a person: quick-witted; also, ?alert, vigilant [last quot.]; (b) of vision: acute; piercing, penetrating; (c) accurate.
11.
(a) Spicy, hot, biting in taste; also, pungent of odor or taste; (b) sour, dry-tasting; also used of the tongue.
12.
(a) Physiol. Acrid, corrosive; also used of a humor in trees; ?also, error for shep n. [quot.: a1400]; (b) of a medicine: strong; irritating, corrosive, caustic, astringent; also fig.; (c) of a medicinal herb, etc.: effective; ~ nemel [OE scearp-numol], efficacious.
13.
Of colors: ?bright, distinct; of cinnabar: bright-colored, bright red.
14.
(a) In surnames; (b) in place names.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)146.6 : Resayfand lord debonere men bot mekand the synful til the erth; If thou will cum till vndir-standynge of pryuetes be mylde for synful men that ere sharpe and vnmyld and contrary he mekis til the erth that thai hafe na sauoure bot of erthly thynge.
  • Note: Modify gloss
    Note: Probably belongs in sense 7.(b) with gloss "?unforgiving, uncompassionate"--per MLL