Middle English Dictionary Entry
seur adj.
Entry Info
Forms | seur adj. Also seure, seuer(e, seuir, sūr(e, suer, suir(e, sǒure, (WM) sẹ̄re; comp. seurer(e, etc. & (16th cent.) sẹ̄r. |
Etymology | OF sëur(e, söur. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) Free from danger, sickness, etc., safe; also, fully recovered; ~ and sauf, sauf and ~; (b) safe against attack, secure; also, private; ~ conduit, safe voyage; ~ and (et) sauf conduit [cp. OF sëurconduit], ~ passage, safe conduct, the privilege of safe conduct; ~ and sauf garde, security; (c) spiritually safe, on the right path to salvation; (d) secure against escape.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7785 : Now þe childer..Weren passed þe forest Toward Arundel souþe-west And wenden ben alle soure and siker, And þo metten wiþ a sori biker Wiþ Soriendes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5537 : But Anthenor..To make hem sure from al tvmulte & cry Þe Grekes hath conveied secrely.
- a1425 WBible(1) (NC 67)Mat.28.14 : Suir [Dc 369(2): if this be herd of the presedent, or iustice, we schulen conceile him and make ȝou sikir].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)56a/b : Wounded men..vn to 7 daiez..þai ar y-wont for to be sure of [Ch.(2): seker fro; L securi a] febrez.
- a1450(?c1430) Lydg.DM(1) (Hnt EL 26.A.13)208 : No wight is sure that clymbeth ouer hye.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)79/24 : We ere always sewre ynoghe, and lyffez wit-owtten any drede.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)21/33 : Ye shall goo save and sure.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)7175 : Þarfore þaim fell þis myschaunce When þaim thoght þai war maste suyre.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)12 : I shall ordeyne for my sure kepyng sufficiently.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)949 : He shal..Make the sur, as thow shalt se, ffrom al tempestys of the se.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)155 : For euery man off þe lande shal..euery day be the meryer, þe surer, ffare þe better in is body.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)683 : Whan he him felte hole and suer, To Courte he gooth with gladde cher.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)160/9 : He þat wold take euiry morow twyis fulle hys mowth of warm watyr, it make an heyl man swr fro all vnkowth sekenes.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)175/18 : The prince..repentyd and sent other for to praye þe holy men for to come to hym, for they schuld be safe and sure.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)4605 : Owt of ther enmys handes they were sure.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)125 : The contre that thei sholde passe thourgh was not sure, for men of werre that ran thourgh the londe.
- a1500(a1475) Ashby Dicta (Cmb Mm.4.42)344 : He is seure and saufe that seruith kynges In fidelite.
b
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1082 : He hire bileck in one bure Þat hire was boþe stronge & sure.
- (1420) Let.in Ellis Orig.Let.ser.3.169 : The Erchebischop of Coleine..alwey schulde be redy to come to do ȝow seruise vp on hys owne cost, so that he myghte have sure passage.
- (1422) Doc.Hen.VI in Déprez Diplom.(PRO Privy Seals file 669 no. 1204)37 : We have take in to owre seure et sauf conduyt and proteccion and defense Jehan Moreau, barbour.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4221 : Drede hadde..The kepyng of the Conestablerye..The which for no thyng may be sure, But if she..shette and barre the gate.
- (1429) Proc.Privy C.3.333 : Þe greete necessitee þat þe King hath of suche persones for þe defense, keping, seure and sauf garde of his reaumes.
- (1443) Proc.Privy C.5.412 : Þe shippes..stuffed with such nombre of men for þe sure conduyct þereof as was þought..suffisant & resonable.
- (1444) Will York in Sur.Soc.30112 : My wille is yat this standard wt these things above writen yerynne be put into some sure abbay.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)5950 : Kyng R. dwellyd wiþ honoure Tyl þat Jaffe was maad al sure.
- (1458) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2.p.76 : Hit hath pleasid the King..to take under his sur and safe Conduyte a Shipp cleped the Marie of Baion.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)499/35 : For the moste party he kepte hym in a sure castell of hys owne.
- (1474) RParl.6.112b : That the said sommes so gadered..shuld be..put in sure and sauf garde, in Castell, Toune, [etc.].
- a1500(?a1410) Lydg.CB (Lnsd 699)49 : A cherl..bi diligent travaile Tarray his gardeyn..Hedgid & dichid to make it sewr & strong.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)107/27 : The knyghthod of Fraunce..restored the realme of Castille vnto peece and sure estate.
- a1500 Rule Serve Ld.(Add 37969)13/23 : Þen þe amesse dyshe to be take away wyth a salutacoun, and set vp into a sure howse and after yevyn to one persone.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)687 : Þen suet þai with solas into a sure chamber.
c
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)73/231 : Ȝif ȝe wil be sekyr and sere, Euere day in þe ȝere Loke þou here þi masse.
- a1450(1424) Ordin.Whittington109 : The fervent desire..of a prudent..man shold be to cast before & make seure the state and thende of his short lyff with dedes of mercy and pite.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)169/38 : Þe ryghtfull is all-vey redye to God, and þer-fore he is sewere and may take þe blisse of heven.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)7553 : No man may be armyd wel In plate, mayl, nor in stel, Nor sur for hys savacioun But he haue on thys haberioun..callyd..ffortitudo.
- c1475(c1447) Epitaph Duke Glo.(Hrl 2251)54 : Thurgh thy deth thow madest vs al sure.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)175/18 : They schuld be safe and sure.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)14/12 : There is no man all sure fro temptacions whiles he lyueþ.
d
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.2 Merch.(Hrl 2255)774 : And he was hent anoon and pullyd by duresse, With swre arrest they handys on hym leye; And al her lust meekly he did obeye.
- c1450(c1425) Brut-1419 (Cmb Kk.1.12)359/2 : Þe Duk brouȝt King Richard pryuyly to London and put hym yn the Tour, vndir sure kepyng as a prisoner.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)9 : The Kyng therwith percevyng all this presumptuous rebellion..lete do hym arrest, and commandid to put hym yn sure and hard prisone.
1b.
(a) Competent, trustworthy, dependable; (b) good of its kind, sound, reliable; of horses: sturdy; of water: free from salt or bitterness, pure; hit) is the seurer, it is better; (c) true, genuine; certain, definite; also as noun, in phrase: in ~, certainly; (d) not dangerous, safe to use.
Associated quotations
a
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)90/7 : Þere was not founde a bettir ne more sewirer keper þan þat same man.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)29/23 : Ryth sovereyn fadyr, semely sad and sure.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)439 : The kynge Ventres of Garlot..was a full noble knyght and a sure.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7383 : Honerable Ector..ffore euyn to þe fild with fuersmen of Troye That hym self hade assignet, surest of othir.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)266 : Þat citie wer sure men sett for too keepe.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7676 : Þer sche him puruaid..an hundred kniȝtes..And fond hem armour and stede, Boþe soure and gode at nede.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)588 : Gurde wyth a bront ful sure With silk sayn vmbe his syde.
- c1400 *Aelred Inst.(1) (Vrn)338 : Þis vertu of meknesse is a sur fundement of alle maner vertues.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.537 : First þe grounde he made to be souȝt..þat it faille nouȝt To make sure þe fundacioun.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.47 : Her doublettis made of lyne cloth, A certeyn fold þat a-boute hem goth; And some also dempte most surest.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1864 : Tydeus..armed hym in Mayle and sure platys.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.286 : The seurer is to treste in thingis sure; The hole is saaf, the hurte is forto cure.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)11.294 : Grekis..vptaketh..maryne Water..oon yeer they lete hit fyne, Wherof..so maad is the nature, Of bitternesse or salt that hit is sure [L vt..salsedine..careat].
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)30.262 : Precious Armure Whiche is bothen passing good & sure..Scholen ȝe Ordeyne.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4920 : I wylle the welle werke afore my place be reparid..and the stoon werk be made sewr.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)230/6 : The thycke haubirke made of sure mayles.
- c1475 Why Nun (Vsp D.9)361 : A fayre garlond of yve grene Whyche hangeth at a taverne dore..ys a false token..But yf there be wyne gode and sewer.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)864 : Hys squyer gan lede Be-fore hym vp-on a stede Þre schaftes good and sure.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)2732 : The helme was sure, or ellys he had hym slayn.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)2415 : It is the suryr to do bi theire aduyse.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)1821 : Þe fairest horsis, whiche ben tho And surest on to ride?
c
- (1413) Hoccl.Rich.II (Hnt HM 111)14 : Seur confort haue I, thynkith me.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)159/17 : Ne drede þou tak, bot ioy þou make, serten and sere. Þis message He send to þe To dwel withyn þe ful pere.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)117/7 : Delites be passing & not sure & ledith a persoone to dampnacion.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)21/617 : In my side y make yow sewre promys In oon purpos that y me kepe trewly.
- (1470) Paston (EETS)1.555 : I prey yow send me swyr tydygys [read: tydyngys] of the world in hast.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)125/1 : By the well kepyng of that discipline, they goten the gret victories and sur estate of peas and tranquillite.
- c1475 Court Sap.(Trin-C R.3.21)86 : My desyre was to haue draw my kyng At hertys lust in sewre prosperite.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)9/29 : For whanne thou war in thy scoolis thou haddist delectacion of spirit..litill richesse, sevir gladnesse, desire of mesure, [etc.].
- a1500 Lo here is (Tan 407)54 : And þe bewte of women specyaly, With ther whyte pappys poppyd vp prately: Þat passeth al other, as me semet in sure.
- a1500 Truth it (Cnt Add 68)p.71 : Thus seyd the prophecye in wrytyng swyr.
d
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)184/8 : Þere ben oþere medicyns as sure as þis, saue þei ben not so myȝty.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)235/15 : Ȝeue him no strong medicyn, ne he schal not be purgid hastili..saue it schal be do wiþ a propre medicyn þat is sure.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)288/18 : Þer is no wei so sure [L melior] to take him [an ulcer] awei as fier..þe rotis of him musten be brent awei.
2.
(a) Assured, confident, convinced; having a confident opinion; certain (to do sth.); convinced (that sth. is so); ~ of, confident about (sth.), convinced of; also, confident in (oneself); in tag: be thou (ye, etc.) ~; (b) assured by law or other guarantee, guaranteed, certain; also as noun, in phrase: for ~, as something guaranteed; maken ~, to make (a settlement) legally secure; also, certify (a document); maken ~ to, ensure by law that (property) shall come to (sb.); (c) of a person: having complete certainty (to do sth.), guaranteed, certain; ~ of, certain to have (sth.); also, securely in possession of (sb. or sth.); also, sure of support from (sb.); maken ~, to give a guarantee to (sb. to do sth., that sth. shall be so); maken ~ of, guarantee (sb. sth.), give assurance to (sb.) of his getting (sth.); also, assure (sb.) about (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1330 Degare (Auch)761 : Ich am al sure, He þat bette þat fure Wil comen hom ȝit to-niȝt.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)74 : Þei..fond him as faire as for here state longed, & þe beter, be ye sure.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)973 : Þer-for certes, be þou sur..holliche al min help þou schalt haue sone.
- c1390(1377) Death Edw.III (Vrn)39 : Nou is þat Schip, I am wel suir, Selde I-seye and sone for-ȝete.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2642 : Whan thow trowest to be moost seur [vrr. sure, sewir, seure, swre] or siker of hir help, she wol faile thee and deceyue thee.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)117 : Ȝise, he blusched ful brode, þat burde hym by sure.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1089 : I dar say wyth conciens sure.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.1932 : We dar nat drede..to han victorie By oure manhood..I am ful sure her-of and certeyn.
- ?a1425(c1350) Apollonius (Dc 216)94 : Þe kyng was gladdest, suyr be ȝe.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)87b/b : Þe wounde schal neuere be loused to þe tyme þat þe surgene be seurer þat þe blode be fullie staunched.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)15612 : Thei myȝt ther-fore be sur & bold To scle the kyng & brenne Ilyoun.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2010 : For I am sent, be þe sure, many sere letters..fra myne awen kith.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1174/14 : Now I am sure the noble felyshyp of the Rounde Table ys brokyn for ever.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.B.282 : She was fairest and frisshest in hir flouris And surest of hirsilf and feynest lieve wolde.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)2064 : Now Y am sure My fomen beþ y-slayn.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)357 : Of this sentence alle men be sure.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5627 : Ay the ser þat we sit, our sore be þe harder.
b
- (1418) MSS PRO in App.Bk.Lond.E.287 : [A reward..£20 of] sure lyuelod yerly.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5958 : Yit wole I more vnto you swere To make this thyng the seurere.
- (1429-30) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.81 : In case be, yat my wyffe dee, or scho mak hir landys sur, eftir hir desese and myn, to Richard ffayrfax, [etc.].
- (1438) Doc.in Welch Hist.Pewterers Lond.9 : That it like vnto youre goode graces..to se and..considir the pointes and articles here suinge..and in that thei be goode and resonable hem to admitte for ferme, sure, and stable, and hem graunt so to be entird in the chambre of the yelde halle aboue saide.
- (1438) Will Norwich in Nrf.Archaeol.4327 : The seyd Myles schall make and graunt a suer astate as law may devyse on to Bryan Stapylton.
- (1459) Paston (Gairdner)3.148 : The seyd John Paston shall ordeyne and make swyr to the seyd collagyens..a suffecient summe.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4921 : To haue it to hym and his successours in the seid office for ever, if it can be made sewr be conseyl.
- (1467-8) RParl.5.579a : All the premisses by us to be yeven and graunted..to oure seid Brother..to be made sure ayenst us and oure Heires.
- (1470) Paston (EETS)1.424 : John Paston to haue..by wey of eschaunge..othere maners..of suere title and like value.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)147/24 : He maade sure this wrytyng by the impreyntyng of his seele.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)276/1 : William Broun..willed and graunted hit to be sure for hym and his heires.
- a1500 15c.Serm.Cycle(Hrl 2247:Powell)94/79 : Criste Ihesu..hath now reseyvid mankinde for man his sure saluacion.
- -?-(1459) Will in Som.RS 16192 : Alway prouided that my forsaid wife haue a sure astate as hir counsell can best devise for hir.
c
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)90/1899 : Þe king hem made seur Of warisoun and gret honeur.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1099 : Of ȝour warysoun ȝe schul be sure, wan þat ich it seo.
- c1390 Vrn.Mir.Virg.(Vrn)158/24 : Loke hou þou maiht make me seur Me to paye at certeyn day.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)509 : He [King Polibon] wolde pleynly..Of his byrth the trewe trouþe declare, And make hym [Oedipus] sure of this thyng anon, ȝif he were his verrey sone or non.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4304 : Ielousie Hadde Bealacoil in his baillie, And shette hym vp..For seure of hym he wolde be, He trusteth sore in his castell.
- a1450(?c1430) Lydg.DM(1) (Hnt EL 26.A.13)632 : A better lessoun ther can no Clerke expresse Than til to morowe is no man sure to a-bide.
- (1449) Will Grimston in Archaeol.45125 : I..desiring..that Alice my true and bestbeloved wiffe may..stande suere of suche pouer lyvelode as she and I have truely boghte and purchaced.
- (1449) Will York in Sur.Soc.30147 : I will that my said wiff mak Thomas Prowtfott sure of x marc yerly.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)9740 : We wolden preyen the for thi lordis sake of on thyng vs sewr forto make.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)306 : He schulde of his lif seure ben & certeyne.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)37 : Will ȝe now make me sewir þat I schal haue þe uictorie at þis iornay.
- (a1467) Paston2.324 : I require and beseche you..be your wisdam entrete hym to be sewere of hym.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)216 : Wyt goode wyll no man may spyll, Nor wythowt goode wyll, of blys be sure.
- a1500 Bevis (Chet 8009)499 : Beues was sure of no wepyn..That he myght deffend hym with all.
- a1550(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Sln 1873)2897 : No man is sure to haue his entent With-owte ful concorde of arte with Instrument.
3.
Strong, firm, resolute.
Associated quotations
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)18712 : He bad his disciplis..Ouer al þe world þe gospel preche..to vche creature For þei shulde in trouþe be sure.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)6374 : Gret party was nomen Bytwixten þis Maximian, & Valentyn & Gracian; Þey stryue to haue þe empire; Þe breþere hadde þer partie most seure.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)16/26 : The yonggest doughter..was most loueliche and goodly in her behauing, countenaunce, and manere most seure and ferme.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)185/23 : For in all maner thinges vsaunce maketh men to be seure and ferme in the deede-dooing.
- a1500(a1471) Ashby APP (Cmb Mm.4.42)130 : Redyng the bible & holy scripture..ye may see to what ende dothe lede Vertuos dedys & condutes seure.
- a1500 Nicod.(4) (Hrl 149)107 : Hys seruaunt ys of such power..so myghty and so seure yn mannens [read: mannes] nature.
4.
(a) Bound by allegiance; also, betrothed; (b) incapable of retaliation, certainly dead.
Associated quotations
a
- (1470) Paston (EETS)1.413 : Mestresse Gryseacresse is sure to Selengere wyth my lady off Exestre, a fowle losse.
- (1482) RParl.6.204a : Oure seid Soverayn Lord shuld cause the same Duc to be made sure to hym..of certain Castelles, Lordships..and other Hereditamentes.
b
- (1472-3) RParl.6.36b : When he was dede they kutte of oon of his legges and oone of his armes and his hede from his body, to make hym sure.
5.
?Error for som adj., by misinterpretation of an abbreviation.
Associated quotations
- c1330 SMChron.(Auch)1194,1198 : He seyd cast þe nett on þe riȝt side..In þe name of þe fader & þe sone, þat suer [Zettl: sum] fische wald to ous come..Ihesu crist..As he is curteys..suer [Zettl: sum] fische he ous sende.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (1466) Indent.in Scrope Castle Combe285 : And that he, at the costis of the sayd erle, shall make or do to be made of the manor of Oxenden…a sure and sufficient estate in the lawe to such persons as the saide erle shall name or assigne.
Note: Additional quote(s)
Note: Prob. belongs to sense 2.(b). See phrase "maken ~ to, ensure by law that (property) shall come to (sb.)."--per MLL