Middle English Dictionary Entry
scalden v.
Entry Info
| Forms | scalden v. Also scald(e, skalde(n, scōlden & schald(e(n, schōlden & (error) skilde; ppl. scalding(e, etc. & (error) scladeng; p. scaldede, etc. & skalt; ppl. scalded(e, etc. & iscalded, iskalded(e, i)skaldit, iscōlded & scaldet, shaldid, skald, skalt, scalled, skalled & (error) skladdid. |
| Etymology | AL scaldāre, scaladāre, escaudāre & OF eschauder, eschalder, ONF escauder; forms with ō prob. influenced by native words in which a lengthened before ld and then became ō. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. forscalden v.
1.
(a) To burn (sb.) with hot liquid; burn (a bodily part) with burning coal; sear (sth. in fire); of the sun, fire, hot or molten metal, hot water, etc.: scorch or burn (sb., sth., an animal); ~ of, singe or burn off (a person's or an animal's hair); (b) ppl. scalded, of persons or bodily parts: burned, scalded; of the earth: scorched; of metal: ?molten or smelted [quot.: 1420-21]; also fig.; (c) of the tears of the sinful in Hell: to scald (sb., oneself); of the devil: burn (sb.); -- in malediction.
Associated quotations
a
- a1275 *St.Marg.(2) (Trin-C B.14.39)235 : Wellinde laumpes letet on hire renne, from þe necke to þe to, scalden ir ase an henne.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)66/25 : Hot weter þet kest hyer and þer..scoldeþ alle þo þet byeþ þer aboute.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.259 : He gadereth water and heteþ it..þroweþ it vppon hunteres and houndes..and scaldeþ of þe heere [L depilat] of hem.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.321 : Brennynge cooles..he putte..in his mouþe and scaldede [Higd.(2): brente] þe poynt of his tonge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)175b/b : That water scaldeþ of her [hunters' and hounds'] heere.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)301b/a : Kynde ȝiueþ anoþer helpe to þe wilde cowe þat helpeþ hire castyng of dritte wiþ þe whyche sche scaldeþ [L exurit] houndes þat comen neigh hire.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)120.6 : Bi dai noght þe sunne skalde þe sal.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1556 : Þe sone scaldes us nere for hete Þat shynes so hate on us.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)57/26 : Tak þe blades of lekes & schalde þam wele in þe fire.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)64/16 : His mouþ fareþ as a pot þat soupeþ, þat casteþ on þat o syde and on þat oþer and scoldeþ hem þat ben a-boute.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)96/256 : Take leke blades and skilde heme and bynd to the wombe abowt the navell.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)24.44 (v.1:p.186) : There came doun a fyre from heven and brent moche peple standyng there aboute, and skalt themperours purple and threwe doun the ydoles.
- c1475 St.Patr.Purg.(2) (Brm)p.97 : Ther was no metell myth hym schalde.
- c1500(?a1475) St.Marg.(3) (Ashm 61)454 : I charge ȝou..That ȝe poure vpone hyre hede Sethinge oyle & boylinge lede; Schald hyre fro þe hede vnto þe fote.
b
- a1250 Ancr.(Tit D.18)83/17 : Þer as tis water is..þe feond fleos leste he beo scaldet [Pep: yscolded].
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2020 : Yet saugh I..The cook yscalded [vrr. I-skaldede, I-skaldit, skaldit, is skalled] for al his longe ladel.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3853 : Nicholas is scalded in the toute.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)232a/a : Þis roote [of lily] y-sode in wyn & y-medled wiþ oyle..makeþ her growe in place þat is y-scaldid & y-brend.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)237b/a : If þey [olives] ben y-pouned and y-leyde to a place þat is scaldid wiþ fuyre or wiþ water, he kepiþ þat bleynes schal nouȝt arise.
- (1420-21) in Gras Eng.Cust.Syst.462 : Pro xviii c libris vasorum stanneorum, iiii xx petris plumbi debilis, scaldyd.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)35a : Yf one be scallyd with hote water oþer brent with fire, take þe juis of þis erbe and oyle of rosys, [etc.].
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)136/23 : Ȝef a man be skalt with hot lycur sodenly, late hym redely take þis herbe.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)118b/a : Þou muste considere..þat þe membre so y brent or scaldid be restorid and brouȝt to his firste degre.
- a1500(1439) Lydg.Sts.AA (Lnsd 699)2137 : The erthe scaldid with fervence of the sonne, Heete on nyhtis was intollerable.
- a1500 Agnus Castus (Bal 329)204/10 : Yf a man be scaldyd with hote water..take þe juse þer-of, [etc.].
c
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)6576 : Hate teres of gretyng..þe synful sal scalden in þe dounfallyng.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)7124 : Þe synfulle salle þare þus ever-mare grete..þe water þat þan salle doun-ryn Fra þair eghen, salle þam schald and bryn.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)204/4 : Fro this burnyshyd brande..I red ye be shunand or els the dwill skald you.
2.
(a) To immerse (meat carcasses, poultry, fish) in boiling water for cleaning or removing the skin, scald; (b) to steep (fruits in wine); pour boiling water over (strips of bread), scald (strips of bread with a broth); ppl. scalded, of fruits: steeped in hot wine; of bread:?soaked in hot water; of a hawk's food: hot from having been immersed in hot liquid; (c) ?to cook (meat or poultry) by boiling.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)52.43/7 : Nim luce oþur turbet oþur eles..& soþþen let scaldeen [vr. scalde hem] & soþþen do awey þe fulþ, [etc.].
- a1325 Add.46919 Cook.Recipes (Add 46919)54.52/2 : Þe lamproun þe schalt nimen & skalden wel & don on a spete & soþen to þe fure.
- 1381 Dc.257 Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)64.11/1 : Nym hennys & schald hem wel.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15988 : Ne sal he neuer vp-rise eft..Ar sal þis cok vp-rise was skald [Frf: skalded] yisternight!
- a1425(a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)104.31/1 : Take pigges yskaldid and quarter hem.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)28/40 : Tak a henne & scalde hir.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)25 : Loke þat þow haue fayre sydys of Pyggys & fayre smal Chykenys wyl & clene skladdyd [read: skalddyd] & drawe.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)239/29 : He bad his servand fache þaim a hen..he went & fechid hur & slew hur & skaldid hur & oppend hur.
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)99 : Take a lamprey..ley him in water a day and a nyght, and scald him in water with strawe or hey to stripe him with-all.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.26 : Take capons and schalde and pyke hom þen.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)320 : To Scald a foule: scatigarizare.
- a1500 Herkyn to my tale (Adv 19.3.1)p.81 : Tho scate scalldyd tho rydlyng and turnede of hys skyn.
- a1525(?1452) Cov.Leet Bk.271 : Yf eny Bochour here-aftur scalde eny porke or Braune in eny other place then at the comien scaldynghouse, he to lese at euery defalt xx s.
b
- a1425(a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)142.196/2 : Take fyges and raisouns..skalde hem in wyne.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)22 : Take Brede y-Skaldyd an grynd it an temper it with þe brothe.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)24 : Take fayre Bolasse..in Wyne boyle hem þat þey be but skaldyd bywese.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)32 : Take..Chykonys & putte hem in-to a potte; þen putte þer-to a gode gobet of..Beef & lat hem boyle wyl..þen kytte þin Brewes & skalde hem with þe same broþe.
- a1475 *Hrl.Diseases Hawk A (Hrl 2340)29b : Lat þe watir be bot mylke warme; for yfe þe flech be scaldyd, it wyll not endow in hyr.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)320 : To Scalde browes: Adipare.
c
- a1550(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Sln 1873)2993 : Such hete wherwith pigge or gose is scallid, In this arte decoccion it is callid.
3.
To cause an inflammation on (the skin); ppl. scalded, afflicted with an inflammation (on a bodily part); of a bodily part, the skin, or a skin eruption: inflamed.
Associated quotations
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)285b/b : Þe malschrag is a naisshe worme..whanne he crepeþ vpon an hoot membre of a man, he scaldeþ [L exurit] þe skynne and makeþ whelkes aryse.
- a1400 Med.Bk.(2) (Roy 17.A.3)76 : For a scaldid pintil þat is clepid apegalle.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)4b : Take þe sede of this erbe and bren hit and make poudir þere of and strawe hit opon a wounde and hit heliþe him, and namely yf a man be shaldid on his pyntill oþer in ony oþer membre.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)90/36 : It ow noȝt to be putte in woundez or vlcerez bot only about þam withoutforþe, þat is, if þe skynne about þe wounde be flaien or skalded of hete.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)104/17 : Be herpes þerfore a pustle or euel colrik pustles..blistrede and scaldede [*Ch.(1): inflammate; L inflammate].
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)121/15 : Ȝyf a man be skalt on hys membrys or on his ȝerde, ley þe pouder þer-on.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)240/11 : Make þer-of an onyment and it wyll hele any pyntyll þat ys schaldyd.
- a1500 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 19674)76 : For a man þat is Scalled on his pyntel that is cleped Apegalle.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)15/17 : Who-so his scoldyd on þe pyntal, þat me clepyt..þe ape, Take sum cloþ, [etc.].
4.
Ppl. scalding as adj.: (a) of liquid: exceedingly hot; of tears: burning, searing; ~ hot; (b) of the sea or a waterway: surging, rushing; as noun: a torrent, stream; (c) of a bodily part: inflamed.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)125/2 : Hwen me asaleð burhes oðer castel, þeo wið innen healdeð scaldinde [Nero: schaldinde; Tit: schaldende] weater ut & werieð swa þe walles.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)125/5 : Wið inwarde bonen warpeð ut up on him [devil] scaldinde teares.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.259 : Boz..he haþ a large ryuel..vnder þe chynne; þeryn he gadereth water and heteþ it in his rennynge scladeng [read: scaldeng; vr. scald] hoot, and þroweþ it vppon hunteres.
- a1400 Ancr.(Pep 2498)111/26 : Whan þe deuel assaileþ ȝou, casteþ out scoldyng water opon hym as men done att Castels opon her enemyes.
- a1425(a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)118.92/1 : Take ayren and breke hem in scaldyng hoot water.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)143b/b : Cauterie euerye porre by hym silfe wiþ hote, scaldinge oile.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)21/13 : Vse þer-of a copfull at morne with rew [read: lew] water & at euen with skaldand water.
- a1450(?1409) Vision Staunton (Roy 17.B.43)72 : If a a man is hond or his fote were put into a vessell ful of hote, scaldyng water, [etc.].
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)17 : Whan þe Mylke his skaldyng hote, caste þe stuf þer-to.
- a1450 Liber Cophonis (Add 34111)29/135 : Tak fressh rosen..in a newe potte and do to hote water þat be scaldyng hote.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)113/381 : Caste scaldynge hote hony euene þer-upon.
- c1500 Recipe MSS Hast.in HMC (Hnt HU 1051)1.424 : Tak a porcioun of water scaldynge hote and put thies balles in that water.
b
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20882 : Apon þe skaldand see he [St. Peter] yede.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)82.8 : Als Sisar and Madian make to þa, Als Iabin in scaldand [L in torrente] Cyson.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)123.4 : When wrethed breth ofe þa in vs þus, Thurgh hap watre had ouerschouued vs. Our saule ouerfore scaldand [L Torrentem].
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)125.5 : Turne, lauerd, our wrecchednesse, Als skaldand in south esse.
c
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)76 : Pro le scaldynge virge quod vocatur apegalle: Take lynnen clooþ..& brenne hyt, [etc.].
5.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1274-5) Hundred R.Tower 1530 : Roger Scaldebutere.
- (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 1051 : Matild' Scholdekoc.
- (1327) Nickname in LuSE 55155 : Al. Scaldecoks.
- (1327) Nickname in LuSE 55161 : Walt. Skaldgrys.
- c1444(1291) Cart.Lewes in Sus.RS 38 (Vsp F.15)105 : Matthew Scoldecok.