Middle English Dictionary Entry
sauce n.
Entry Info
| Forms | sauce n. Also saus(e, salse, (?errors) sauche, sauuȝ; pl. sauces, etc. & (error) sawes. |
| Etymology | OF sausse, sause, sauce, salse & ML salsa, AL salsea. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A condiment for meat, fish, fowl, etc., a sauce; also, a pickling liquid, brine; (b) fig. of (a); (c) a curative or preventive preparation; a medicinal sauce; (d) cook. in combs.: ~ blaunk (gamelin, ma-dame, neiger, noir, sarasin, sauge), blaunk (sobre) ~; for other varieties see camelin adj., galauntine n., gingivere n.(c), grene adj.1.(d), verge adj., etc.; (e) in cpds.: ~ al-one, common alliaria Alliaria officinalis, garlic mustard; ~ makere, a maker of condiments; also, mistransl. of OF sansüe [quot.: c1440]; also as surname; ~ makere-craft, guild of condiment makers.
Associated quotations
a
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1882 : Þei ete at here ese..boute salt oþer sauce.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.129 : She leet no morsel from hir lippes falle, Ne wette hir fyngres in hir sauce depe.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.351 : Wo was his cook but if his sauce were Poynaunt and sharp.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.545 : Of spicerie of leef, bark, and roote Shal been his sauce ymaked by delit To make hym yet a newer appetit.
- (1396) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)6.116 : [In the kitchen:..3] flakettes [for] sauce.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)263a/a : Som tyme in þe water in þe which fleissh is y-sode is spicerye y-do, and þer of is y-made dyuerse sauce.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)314a/a : Þat mene sauour..norissheþ þe body, as it fareþ in dyuers sawes [?read: sawces; L salsamentis].
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)893 : Seggez hym serued..fele kyn fischez..sauered with spyces & ay sawes [?read: sawses] so sleȝeȝ [read: sleȝe], þat þe segge lyked.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)39/33 : Haue þe seruuaunt of god hungur & salt, he wol not be angry for oþer sause failyth.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)57a/b : Salmentum: sawse & confeccio Piscis.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)94b/a : Pacientez of emoroidez oweþ to eschewe..al sharp salsez.
- c1425 Mirror LM&W (Hrl 45)148/6 : Vynegre or oþer soure sauce destroyeþ þe swetnes & likeroushed of mete or of drynkes.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)441 : Sawce: Salsamentum, salmentum, salsa..Sawce, made wythe water and salt: Muria.
- a1450 Sln.374 Cook.Recipes (Sln 374)87.20/7 : Take the sauche and hilde hit into the disches.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)126 : Who-so dare nat ete peper in his sauce, cast he to hit coriaundre, for it is colde and wole alaye þe gret hete and violence of þe peper.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)530 : Hit provokithe a fyne apetide if sawce youre mete be bie.
- c1425 Wycl.Antichr.(2) (Dub 245)p.cxxx : Þei han many puruyours..to gete metes of þe best..wiþ sauces & syropis, colour out of kynde.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)107a : Salse: Condimentum.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)187/4 : Lette hungyre yeue the talent, and not Sause ne Saueure.
- a1500 Gloss Dict.Garland (Hrl 1002)127 : Coquinarii..frequenter vendunt carnes crudas simplicibus mancipiis scolarium cum salsamentis [glossed:] sawse et aleatis male disteperatis.
- a1500 Rule Serve Ld.(Add 37969)11/18 : Þe seyd grome shall also contenually be in þe halle..to bere away dysshes and kepe oute houndes and feche sawces.
b
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)55/9 : Ethe metes byeþ guode to guode, and to ham þet be scele and be mesure his vseþ and hise nimeþ mid þe sause of þe drede of oure lhorde.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)7.246 : 'I hote þe,' quaþ hunger..'ete nouȝt..er hunger þe take And sende þe of his saus to sauoure þi lippes.'
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.43 : Of þat men mys-wonne þei made hem wel at ese, Ac her sauce was ouer soure & vnsauourely grounde In a morter, post mortem of many bitter peyne.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)41/11 : Man, whan þou grucchest for þou farist harde, woldest þou suffre þi mynde to wete þi mete in Cristes wondes, þou myght fynde no betere sause to make þi mete sauery.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.67 : Þis pressour ben þo prestis þat geten out juys of Goddis word, and þei gladen men wiþ wyn and ȝyven hem sause to Goddis mete.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)473 : Gyfe þaym, for God-is sake..Mete or monaye as ye mowe indure, And yefe þaym sauce þere-with of þe sothe-sigger Forto preche þe peuple þe peril of synne.
- (1473) Paston (EETS)1.455 : She cowde make me no cheere, but alwey my sawse was 'How faret Master John, yowre brother?' wher-wyth I was wrothe..dysdeynyng þat she shulde care so moche for yow when þat I was present.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.1178 : He eete his meete eche day vnkerued; His sause was sorowe to hispenaunce.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)92a/a : Me schal make sawce þat restoreþ spiritis & comforttiþ þe mouþ of þe stomake.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)214b/b : Men þat moote needes passe by stynkyng place..defendeþ hemsilf wiþ strong sauce of garleke.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)49 : Men may make sause of salt and vynegre and strong garlike ypilled and stamped and nettelis togedir, and also hoote as it may be sufferyd, to lay vpon þe bityng, and þis is a good medecyne.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.6549 : Ther corsifnesse thei can eek make sclendre With poynant sausis that been in phesik founde.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)179/15 : Tak þis herbe and stamp it and temper it with a lytil esile and þer-of mak saws and ete it, and it schal make þe han a good aptyte to þin mete.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)222/5 : For to sle þe trunchynis in a manis body..take garlek and make a sawce þerof.
d
- ?c1400 Dur-U.Menus (Dur-U Cosin V.3.11)41.8/6 : On fysch dayes..Þe ii cours..rosted grete bremes, turbot, congur, freysch samoun, sober sauuȝ, cold bruet.
- a1425(a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)104.31/1,32/1 : Pygges in sawse sawge: Take pigges yskaldid, [etc.]..Sawse madame: Take sawge, persel, ysope, and saueray, [etc.].
- a1425(a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)117.86/1 : Sawse Sarzyne: Take heppes and make hem clene, Take almaundes blaunched, [etc.].
- a1425(a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)130.140/1,141/1 : Sawse blaunche for capouns ysode: Take almaundes blaunched and grynde hem al to doust, [etc.]..Sawse noyre for capouns yrosted: Take þe lyuer of capouns and roost it wel, [etc.].
- a1425(a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)130.145/1 : Sawse noyre for malard: Take brede and blode iboiled, [etc.].
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)432 : Sauce Madame: Take sauge and parsel, [etc.].
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)440 : Sause blaunk for Capons sothen: Take almondes and blaunche hom, [etc.]..Sause neyger for Hennes or Capons: Take the lyver of the capoune and of the henne, [etc.].
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)79 : Quayle rosted..His sauce is sauce gamelyne.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.28 : Blaunche sawce for capons.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)539 : Sawce gamelyn to heyron-sewe, egret, crane, & plovere.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)48 : To mak sauce madame, tak the tharmes of agose and slit them, [etc.].
e
- (1353) in Fransson Surn.65 : Rog. Saucemaker.
- (1368) in G.Otto Handwerkernamen84 : Salsemaker.
- (c1380) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.120155 : Gravis querela facta erat..per artifices civitatis Salsarios (scilicet quos nos Salsemakers communiter appellamus) quod -- licet de consuetudine actenus usitata gentes de salsemakercrafte, [etc.].
- (?1408) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.9952 : Item le Sausmaker, 20 d.
- (1432) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.125172 : Les salsemakers et tilemakers decetero portent onus et expensas pagine predicte.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)112/4 : Auarice & covetice be ij saus makers [F sancsues], þe which ceeceth neuer to seye: 'Bring, bring'; and to þe valew þat þe money wexeth, þe love of þe money wexeth.
- (1441) Will York in Sur.Soc.3080 : Ego, Johannes Whitgifte, civis et saucemaker, [etc.].
- a1500 Sln.Herb List (Sln 1201)75 : Herbys necessary for a gardyn..Sauce alone.
- -?-(1368-70) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.9667 : Joh. de Kyllvyngton, sawsmaker.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1486 Sln.Bk.Hawking (Sln 3488)141 : Then take a paire of sesurys, and clippe awey a litul on euery side of the wounde…Take a lynnen clothe and wipe awey the blode, and annoynte the wounde with saus of bawme iiij. daies.
Note: Postdates sense (c).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Sense (d) refers to "verge adj." but there is no verge adj. The reference should be vert-sauce n. or verge-sauce n.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. sauce.