Middle English Dictionary Entry
rēd n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | rēd n.(1) Also rẹ̄d, rede, redde, read(e, reid, rid, rad(e, (early) ræd(e, ræide, reæd & (error) rerede; pl. redes, etc. & (early) rædas, ræden, reden. |
Etymology | OE: cp. WS rǣd, A *rēd. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) Advice, counsel; also, teaching; also, a suggestion, piece of advice; ~ bore [OE rǣd-bora], ~ man [cp. redes-man n.], a counselor; ~ wise, wise in counsel; (b) after (mid, of, thurgh) ~, in accordance with advice; after (at, bi, mid, thurgh) ~, in accordance with (someone's) counsel; (c) asken ~, to seek counsel; ask (sb.) for advice; ask advice (of sb. or a god); nimen (taken) ~, get advice; get advice (from sb.); (d) don (bi) ~, taken ~, to follow counsel; follow (someone's) advice; nimen ~, follow counsel; don after (at) ~, follow (someone's) advice; ben at ~, abide by a counsel; don in ~, commit (sb., oneself) to (someone's) advice; don out of ~, act without (someone's) counsel; (e) yeven ~, to give advice; give (sb.) advice, advise (sb.); reden ~ [see also reden v.(1) 8a.(c) & (d)]; nimen (ireden) ~, ben in ~, give advice; geten (rechen) ~, give (sb.) advice; setten ~, ordain counsel for (sb.); yeven to ~, give as advice.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)539/1 : Consiliarius: rædbora.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6892-4 : Whase sekeþþ ræd & run & witt att deofless þeowwess, Drihhtiness lare & ræd & run Þatt illke mann forrleoseþþ.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)454 : Þer wes moni riche mon þe cuðe lutel reden [Otho: lutel cuþe of reades], weðer heom weore wnsumre to faren þe to wonien.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1767 : Of me he habben scal goudne reæd.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)61 : Min red is þat we bergen us wið ech of þese þre duntes..forbue iuel and do god.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)45/31 : He his priestes lare ne his ræd lesten ne folȝin ne wile.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Roy 17.A.27)31/263 : Ȝe schulen beon mine readmen in alle mine derue runes.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)30/22 : Þu..art mi broðeres bone, Rufines..te read-wisest of alle þeo in helle.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)138/5 : Hit bringeð to noht al þes deofles wiheles..his ȝulunges, ase..fikele & sweokele reades, ah [read: as] þah hit were o godes half.
- a1275 *Body & S.(4) (Trin-C B.14.39)46 : Of þine sinnes me mai somen and of þine redes.
- a1275(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Trin-C B.14.39)131/604 : Þe baldure þu mist ben for lere þu his reides.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)91 : Gilbert him bi-þouȝte..To þe bischop for-to gon with him forto speke..of him to habbe red a-non, Al-ȝwat him were of þat Maide is beste forto don.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)693 : Fendes fleiðing wex wið-al To wenden men fro godes reed To newe luue and to newe dred.
- a1350 Iesu for þi muchele miht (Hrl 2253)36 : Al for mon he þolede ded; ȝyf he wyle leue on is red..we shule haue ioie ant blis.
- c1330 KTars (Auch)39/259 : Dame, our douhter haþ ment To þe soudan to wende, Do loke, what rede is now at þe.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)165/14,18 : Þet is þe way of priue red of oure lhorde..Þerne way chyzeþ þo, to huam ne is naȝt ynoȝ to loki þe hestes of god, huerto hi byeþ y-hyealde, and wylleþ uoluelle his redes, huer hi ne byeþ naȝt be dette y-hyealde.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)63 : Þe kyng and his Baronage a counseil bi-gonnen; he wolde haue red of his folk.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)8a/a : Now I schal bigynne And praye help, counseile, and rede To me þat he wole sende.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)918 : Þou, man, þat has vndertaken Þi wijf red, and min for-saken, Ne sal þou nawight þar wit win.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1292 : My red is this, syn thow kanst wel endite, That hastily a lettre thow hire write.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)586 : I preyse nat the goses red, For, though she deyede, I wolde non other make.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)1793 : Felaw myn, what es þi reed?
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)prol.48 : As my body & my beste oute to be my liegis, So rihtffully be reson my rede shuld also, For to conceill..my kyng and þe lordis.
- c1475 A philosophre (Hrl 372)p.39 : She is a feble female, That talkethe suche read.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)80 : Amonge hem alle thei cowde nought haue dought this rede.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.656 : Cweð þa þet he wolde hit wurðminten & arwurðen be his broðre ræd Æðelred & Merwala, & be his swustre red, Kyneburges & Kyneswiðes.
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1100 : Þurh yfelra manna rædas..he æftre þas leode mid here..tyrwigende wæs.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1140 : For þe king him sithen nam in Hamtun þurhc wicci ræd..& efsones he let him ut þurhc wærse red.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2179 : Fær bi ure ræden & mid þe þu læden tweolue of þine witiȝen.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)75/6 : Alle ðo þing ðe ðu hauest te donne, do it mit ræde.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)127/2 : Bute ðu neme riht of ðe seluen of ðe misdades..mid fasten..mid ðe rade of þine scrifte, godes wraððe cumþ uppen ðe.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)8/16 : For þi schal euch ancre habben þe uttre riwle efter hire schriftes read.
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)18 : So we Mvwe..Yf we..doþ al by his rede.
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(Hrl 2277)408 : Þe archebischop of Canterbury was ded; Seint Edmund was ichose þerto þurf þe comun red.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2630 : Merlin com þe king to And seyd he hadde do þe dede Of gode conseyl and wise rede.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)803 : Ac were it ȝour wille nowe to worche bi mi rede, Go we to þe gardyn.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3527 : 'Is ther no remedie in this cas?' 'Why yis..If thow wolt werken after loore and reed.'
- a1400(c1250) Floris (Eg 2862)51 : Þan may he wyfe after reed.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)950 : Þys man ys at þe ded, wyl ȝe do alle at [vr. be] my rede?
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)9.99 : Þus dowel & dobet & dobest..Corounid on to be kyng & be his counseil werchen And rewele þe reaum be red of hem alle.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2932 : Þei took therof non hede Ne wil no-thyng gouerne hem after [vr. by] his rede.
- a1425 PPl.C (Cmb Ff 5.35)4.7 : Rede [Hnt: yf hue wirche wisliche by wys men counsail, Ich wolle for-gyue hure alle hure gultes].
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1586 : Ȝa, Mankynde, wende forthe þi way And do noþynge aftyr hys red.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)2096 : Certan men I rede we send to serche the land..and aftur þer rede rewle vs ryȝt.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)729/34 : Therefore, be my rede, lat every knyght have a standarde..by hymselff, that every knyght may draw to his naturall lorde.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)54/95 : Swere not oftyn by rede of me.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)7948 : Thy sone dere Thorow my sone was neuer dedde Nodur þorow my cowncell nor my redde.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)10762 : Þerfore if þou in good stede be, Holde þe þerynne, by þe rede of me.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2640 : Þeos eorles comen to Rome..axeden heom ræddes..wheðer heo boden ferde whit Belinne to fehten, þe heo speken him wit.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)71/10 : Nim..rad..at wise manne one.
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)71/297 : Ne wille ic noht þet þe sunfulle beo ded ac libbe and nime godne red.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)36/1 : To sum gastelich mon þet ȝe beoð trusti upon..god is þet ȝe easki read.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)31/2 : Ne nomon ne aski ou read ne cunsail.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3069 : Goð vt..red ic sal taken, And gu siðen i sal answer maken.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1685 : Sone he þoru al is court þer of nom is red.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)981 : Marke to conseyl ȝede And asked rede of þis.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)184/14 : Ne akse no red at foles.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2065 : He wolde axe eny red..How he with other love ferde.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10693 : Þe biscop þam þe chauns tald Qui he did þam sembled be, O þis vouing of chastite, For to ask o þaim sum rede.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)5.29 : Then waryn wysman and wyle-man, his felawe, Fayn were to folwen hem..To take red at reson.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2744 : He took his counsayle and his rede Of the lordis and barons of the toun.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1698 : Troilus..fond..The copie of a tretys..That Ector hadde hym sent to axen red If swych a man was worthi to ben ded.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)12033 : Sen þou takes rede of belsabub, þe fend, Als sone þou sall be ded.
- c1450 Siege Troy(1) (ArmsAr 22)29/347 : Tho þe kyng of hys consel tok red, How he meyth venge of hys deþ.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)83 : They asked the best rede in this cas.
d
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)31 : Do efter þes preostes rede.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2666 : For betere is þat we leosen leoue oure children þanne we nimen swulne ræd þat we allen beo deade.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8609 : Heo him wel rædden..þat he dude þene ræd þat Mærlin him hauede isað.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9167 : Alle mine leoden ich don in þine ræden, & alle we sculle wurchen after þine i-wille.
- a1250 Mon may longe (Mdst A.13)21 : Do bi salomones rede..Do al so he þe tothte and sede.
- a1275(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Trin-C B.14.39)133/645 : Ne ches þu neuere to fere littele mon ne long ne red, þis [read: ȝif] þu wld don after mi red.
- ?a1300 Sayings St.Bern.(Dgb 86)760/91 : Þou do bi counsail and bi red, Wiþdrau him hofte of his bred.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)8600 : For al he wald don him saun fail In her rede and her conseyl.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)852 : 'Wole we smiten of his hed?'..'At þat red nel ich nouȝt be.'
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)9/31 : He is yhyalde..to done by þe rede of holi cherche.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)5115 : Now, dere douȝter, i þe preie, do bi mi rede; lok þou bere þe buxumli..to komwne & to grete.
- c1390 Cato(1) (Vrn)630 : Coueyte not to muche good, And do aftur my red.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)4406 : Þe kyng..bad hym be of repentaunce..'Y wyl nat ȝyt do at þy rede.'
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1090 : To suffer ded Ȝe wil noght do out of þaire rede.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)5505 : Our rede þai wald noght do.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)524 : Þe priores þan..Sal se who a-cordes reson vnto, And efter þair rede sal scho do.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12869 : Eneas..counseld..Þat þe pepull..shuld send ffor Dyamed..The troiens full tite token his rede, Sendon for the sure kyng.
- a1500(c1477) Norton OAlch.(Add 10302)1350 : In the grose werke do bi my reede: Take nevir therto no howsholde man.
- a1500 And a woman (RwlPoet 34)53 : Now take, clerk, thi best rede, ffor women schul neuer be trewe.
e
- a1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1129 : Nu wærð swa mycel dwyld on Cristendom swa it næfre ær ne wæs; Crist sette red for his wrecce folc.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8791 : Haliȝ Gast.. ȝifeþþ..witt to ȝifenn aȝȝ god ræd Off all þatt Drihhtin likeþþ.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5798 : Þe ræd wes sone iræd al swa Mauric hit bad.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7858 : Heo him radden ræd mid þan bezste.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)323/32 : Þis guode Man..bi-þouȝte him strete In swuche neode, Þene beste red he radde.
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(LdMisc 108)416 : Þe Erchebischop of caunterburi was ded, Seint Eadmund þar-to was chose, ase Commuyn nam [vr. ȝaf] heore red.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)659 : Nembrot gat hise feres red..To maken a tur wel heg & strong.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)4064 : Forð nam balaam..Ðe gaf ðis read of soules dead.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1602 : Þo þe castel was ymade, Men ȝeue þe king sone rade Þat he schuld at Merlin wite.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)9/1 : Yet zeneȝeþ he more þet..is ine rede and ine helpe uor to do harmi oþren, him to awreke.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.744 : Wherfore I yeue yow reed, Ne dooth vn to an old man noon harm now Namoore than that ye wolde men dide to yow.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10791 : For had he ani-wais ouertaine A child be born of a maiden, Ne had he neuer giuen his [Ld: to] rede Þat iesus crist war don to ded.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)29287 : Qua smites preist or clerk..he is cursd, it gers do, Or rede or consail gis þar-to.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3021 : Now, swet Aungel..Þe ryth red þou me reche.
- 1451-1500 Tundale (Wagner)1217 : He gaf þe full ewylle rede Þat ledde þe heder to þis stede.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.261 : For it fallith as well to..yonge men of yistirday to ȝeue good redis, As becometh a kow to hoppe in a cage.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)634 : Therfore sche ys geuyn to rede, To take a lorde.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)327 : Who gaue the thys ylke redde That þou for my loue woldest be dedde?
1b.
Urging, persuasion; exhortation; temptation, instigation; don mi ~, to accede to my persuasion.
Associated quotations
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12502 : Þurrh þatt tatt te Laferrd Crist Wiþþstod onnȝæn hiss wille, Swa þatt he nollde don hiss ræd Ne ȝeornenn affterr ahhte, Þærþurrh þe Laferrd oferrcomm..te deofell.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)4/19 : A fals folc, of swikel read, as þi muð uleð.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)15/164 : Ne nulle ich leuen ower read, þe forreadeð ow seolf.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)102/720 : Her..wes þis meiden iset forte al torenden..Ȝef ha nalde hare read heren ne hercnin.
- a1275 *St.Marg.(2) (Trin-C B.14.39)109 : 'Lef on me ant be my wif..ciclatoun and purpel pal scaltou haue to wede'..'Alle þine redes i do ut of my þoust.'
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)179/23 : Sebastian was þo i-wreid þat he heom ȝaf þane red to holden op faste heore cristindom, þei heo scholden beo ded.
- a1350 In a fryht (Hrl 2253)29 : Such reed me myhte spaclyche reowe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13071 : Herodias him hated to ded; Þai prisund him al thoru hir rede.
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)587 : Adam..Þat þow hast..wroȝt after þy wyues red, Þis ioye lost þow has.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1413 : And but I make hym soone to converte And don my red withinne a day or tweye, I wol to yow oblige me to deye.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)733 : Ȝef þow wolt do by my red, Þow neo dudest neuer better dede.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)149 : Þay..standes..Ogans þe fendyng [read: fanding] of þe fend And wyll not doy efter hys rede.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)1.1 : The deuel thurgh his red getis til him ded of body and saule.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)7197 : A baratour..is aboute day and night To make contacke wiþ al his might And so may by his wicked reed Enchesoun be of som mannes ded.
- ?a1500(?a1425) Chester Pl.Resur.(Manch 822.11C2)491/17 : I gave leave to hange hym on croyse; This was throwgh Jewes redd.
1c.
Bidding; a command, decree.
Associated quotations
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)347 : Niðing, þou ært al dead, buten þou do mine read.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8453 : 'Ich hæten eou wurchen & bulden þa chirchen'..Þa þus dom wes isæid, alle heo leofden þisne ræd.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)31/317 : Ah [hercne] nuðe mi read: wurch eleusius wil.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)75/171 : Huy..beden him nime a-ȝein is croce and don bi heore rede, For he was bet wuyrþe þare-to þane ani oþur.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)239 : Adam gaf hire name eua; Adden he folged godes red, Al man-kin adde seli sped.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1222 : God him bad..don a-wei ðat dwale. Abraham rapede him..For to fulfillen godes reed; He flemede agar.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)22/482 : Ich dede him of dawe Be þe red [vr. heste].
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)1238 : Leue sone ..Þou do bi þi faders rede.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)491 : He arayes his riche men and rihtes hem bettre, Þat þorw him reowen no res þat his red wrouȝten.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2290 : Lik til his fader þat was ded A wygur was mad wit his red And command stithli til his men Als god þai suld it knau and ken.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24288 : I most well vnderli þe ded Sin it es suilk mi fader red Þe ded al for to quell.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.82 : Þe erle Liolf was slayn for þe bisshop dede; My boke sais certayn þat he gaf neuer þat rede.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6091 : Þe kyng þoo hetAntiochoun..Al his folk to þe mount lede; He dude onon by þe kynges rede.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.374 : If [I] rope, ouer-reche, or ȝaf hem red þat ropen To seise to me with her sykel þat I ne sewe neure.
- a1450(1414) Whanne alle a kyngdom (Dgb 102)23 : God in his lawe ȝaf moyses red.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)2249 : Seynt Alphege..chargede hem wt alle his myȝt Þat þey shulde..mary þat may..to þe sone of god alle-myȝt; & so þey dedon trewelyche after his redde.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)144 : Suffre me my wylle & do by my rede Ere y schal..byreue the thy maydenhede.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)7/202 : I forbede you the tre of life..Adam, if thou breke my rede, thou shall dye a dulfull dede.
- a1500 Eglam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)783 : The emperoure was mekylle of pryde And made to bete hym bak and syde, Ryght thorowe hys owne rede.
2a.
(a) A resolve, decision, purpose; also, firmness of purpose [quot.: a1400]; hit is no ~, it serves no purpose; (b) nimen (taken) ~, to make a decision; also, follow one's own will [quot.: Body & S.(5)]; inimen (itaken) ~, make a decision; i)finden ~, work out (a decision); (c) drauen (itaken, nimen, taken, yeven) to ~, to make a decision; refl. nimen (taken) to ~; (d) turnen ~, to change (one's) mind; cause (someone's) mind to change; (e) decision-making, governance.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)2/26 : Ne næfre se yfele ræd ne..com of Godes geðance, ac com of þas deofles.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)219 : Þa..he..cweð an his herto þat he wolde and eaðe mihte bien his sceoppende ȝelic..þa yfestene [he] þisne red wið þan hape.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)221 : God hi ȝeworhte to meren anglen and let ham habba agenne cire, and hi nefre ne bide nane niede to þan yfele rede.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)32/214 : Hwuch wis read of se cud keiser makie se monie clerkes to cumene..to motin wið a meiden.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3819 : Do we us alle in godes red.
- a1325(?c1300) NPass.(Cmb Gg.1.1)324 : For yow isschal be to dede, Such is nowe þe Iues rede.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2048 : Þo þe oþ was ymade, Bi comoun dome, bi comoun rade, Vter Pendragon coroun nam.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1458 : Graunte þis faire forward..Ȝe mow wiȝtly now wite ȝour wille & ȝour rede.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)518 : With þe will I suffer ded, No man sall reue me þat red.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)25583 : Al luueli þou vs lere Þe to luue wit sothfast rede.
- (1440) Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)1281 : In his discrecioun Put þei now here lyf..he seid..þat..Whech is now called Seynt Austenis reule; Aftyr þat, be my reed, schul we us reule.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)913 : He wos meke to his fader rede And obedient vnto þe dede.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)226 : Sone aftir that scho was dede, Hys fadir hadde anothir rede..Hit were tyme..to have anothir wyf.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1027/4 : Hit ys no rede to aske if they were glad.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)171/33 : Bewar..þat þu opyn no veyn..but be þe lycens of an astronomer..And thow schuldyst algatis attempt be þine owne rede, do it noȝt tylle þe tyme þat þe nwe moone..be pasyd fro þe sonne.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)5651 : Of Gye to speke ys my redde, That god had sauyd fro the dedde.
- a1500 Fasc.Mor.in Silverstein ELyrics (Rwl C.670)p.80 : 'We ben executors of this dede, But of this mone what is our rede?' 'Take to the and I to me.'
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)826 : He nom ræd æt his monnen þat he wolde þar castel makian.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12644 : Noðeles a þan ende enne ræd heo ifunden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15775 : Ich wulle wið mine eorlen mine rune halden and minne red finden wheðer ich þe ȝetten wullen þa þing þe þu bede.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)798 : Þer com to Floriz writ & sonde, Þat þe King, his fader, was ded, And þat he scholde nimen his red.
- c1300 Body & S.(5) (LdMisc 108)p.39 : To sunne and schame it was þi drauȝt..Inouȝ i stod ageyn..Bot ai þouȝ nome [vr. toke] þin oune red.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)15/4 : Þe pope of Rome was ded; Hy byspeke to cheose anoþer, as þe comun nom hor red.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6422 : Þo stode þer some vp þat adde inome [B vr. ytake] hor rede Vorto paye king knout.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)286 : To barouns..tok rede bitvixen hem to Þe to childer ouer þe se bring.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)139 : Mi rede is taken þer tille Þat fare y wille wiþ þe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14390 : A soruful red fra þan tok þai..Ful deueli war þai Iuus thra Þair blisced lauerd for to sla.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)403 : Þey han her rede take Þer britned to be or þe toun wynne.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)592 : Heroude hade taken rede Þat þe child schuld be dede.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8996 : Palamydon..All his Renkes had arayet, as he rede toke.
- c1500 NPass.(Rwl C.86)151/55 : Þey had take Anothere Rede Whane thatt Ihesu shulde Be dede.
c
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)91 : Heo nomen heom to þam rede þet heo walden sum of heore ehte etholdan.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)222 : Seoþen he nom to rede..þat he an wriht makede al mid wisdome.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10085 : Heo nomen heom to ræden þæt aȝæin heo wolden riden.
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (LdMisc 108)299 : Þat folk of wyricestre-schire..Nomen heom to rede manie, to maken þat bodi a-bide.
- a1350(1307) Execution Fraser (Hrl 2253)225 : Þe traytours of scotlond token hem to rede, þe barouns of engelond to brynge to dede.
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)13 : Alle the popes clerkes han taken hem [vr. i-take] to red, If treuthe come amonges hem, that he shal be ded.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)133 : But truly tiȝt hadde þat quene take hire to rede to bring þat barn in bale.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.261 : He took hym to reede [L decreverat] to sende for þe Saxons.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6493 : Þai samed þam and drogh to [Göt: tok to] rede.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.52 : Þo childre tok to rede to com vnto þis lond.
- a1450 Of alle þe ioyus (Cmb Dd.11.89)287 : His frendes token him to red Of the croys to taken Hym tho.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12002 : The grekys full glad gyffon to red Ilion to ouerturne.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)1225 : Then all þo ten hath tane to red to feyn a falshed for þat fude.
d
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)441 : Now turne þy rede, Doo nouȝt þyn owne blood to dede.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2926 : Yong men & yepe..Rauisshe hom Radly & þaire rede turnys, Puttes hom to purpos þat pynes hom after.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)782 : I haue for the turned my redde; Yf þou were not, y were but dedde.
e
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5119 : To Rome comen tiðende..hu þe king wæs hære dæd & i þisse londe nas na ræd.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9435 : Her ich sette þe an honde al þene ræd of mine londe.
2b.
Opinion; judgment; judgment of a court; haven ~, to believe, suppose.
Associated quotations
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8339 : O þatt lattre Herodess daȝȝ Wass Crist o rode pinedd, & he wass att tatt illke ræd.
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)319 : 'Alle ye habbeþ þis iherd..hwat is eur red?' Alle hi onswerede, 'he is wrþe to beo ded.'
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3809 : Ðog ðis folc miðe a stund for-dred..Get he aglen on here red and wen Ðat it mai loked betre ben.
- a1350 Ne mai no lewed (Hrl 2253)6 : Y shal falle hem byfore & lurnen huere lay ant rewen alle huere redes.
- ?a1450 MLChrist (Add 39996)1770 : Þai went togeder by oon assent And helden þere her parlement, And ech one asked oþer rede Wheþer þai wolde þat he were dede.
- c1475 Brm.Abraham (Brm)413 : Ȝa, be my feyth, fader, now hath [read: haue] I red, I wos neuer soo afrayd before, As I haue byn at ȝyn hyll.
- c1475 Court Sap.(Hrl 2251)328 : 'Of right me thynkyth he must be dede'..'Late be..that is a cruel rede.'
- c1500 Castle Love(3) (Ashm 61)333 : Ryght gyffes iche man be Sothe his rede, Be it to gode, be it to quede.
2c.
(a) Permission, assent, agreement; taken to ~, to agree; (b) at (of) on ~, in ~, on o ~, in agreement; with on ~, with one agreement; with bothe here ~, with assent of both of them; bi here (theire) bother ~, etc.
Associated quotations
a
- a1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1127 : He dide ðurh þes papes ræd & leue of Rome & ðurh þes abbotes of Clunni.
- a1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1129 : Ða sone be þes kynges ræd & be his leue sende se ærcebiscop Willelm..ofer eall Englaland.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13344 : We..þis feht habbeoð under-numen buten Arðures rede, þe is ure hexte.
- ?c1225 Ancr.(Cleo C.6)304/15 fn. : Ne nane ne eoten biuoren ow, bute bi ower meistres read & bi his leaue.
- c1230 Ancr.(Corp-C 402)213/11 : Þing þah þet ha wurcheð, ha mei þurh hire meistres read, for hire neode sullen.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)1011 : Puyrliche for-suore we schullen him preoui, sire king, bi eovwer rede.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)62 : At Winchester he was monke ymade Wiþouten his fader, þe kinges, rade.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)191/22 : Þe guode man mid þe rede of his wyue yeaf his cou to his preste.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.653 : Ye ben oure lord, dooth with youre owene thyng Right as yow list, axeth no reed [vr. leve] of me.
- a1400 Ancr.(Pep 2498)183/20 : Ne beteþ ȝou nouȝth wiþ scourges bot it be wiþ schriftes red [Corp-C: leaue].
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1687 : Parlement hij haldeþ hard..And [by] hire aldre radd and want [LinI: By alle heore comune assent] A lettre hym is ysant, By riche dukes þrittene.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)7/23 : All þai come with grete honowre Sir Edward to saue and socoure And proferd him, with all þayre rede, For to hald þe kinges stede.
- a1500(?c1370) ?Chaucer Comp.A.(Benson-Robinson)37 : Hit is nat with hir wil that I hir serve..sithen I have this withoute hir reed..It is no blame unto hir womanheed.
- a1525 Conq.Irel.(Dub 592)140/31 : Thay toke ham to rede & sworr to-gedder that thay wolden..wythstond the ryghtes of har old fredomes.
b
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)279/47 : So þat þis tweye guode Men to-gadere heore heorte caste, Þat huy weren boþe at one rede.
- c1300 SLeg.Dunstan (LdMisc 108)99 : Þeos twei Bischopes with seint Dunston weren al at one rede, And Edgar, þe guode king, to done þat guode dede.
- a1325 SLeg.Juliana (Corp-C 145)18 : Bote we be of one lawe, hou mowe we be of one rede.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7900 : Heyemen monye of engelond were ek at one rede.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)101/2104 : After, bi hir [vr. þeir] boþer red [rime: bed], A laddre þai sette þe halle to.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)119/1507 : On either half trews þey gan take, Twelf monthes by her aythers rede.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)22939 : Alle þai criede with hal assent Þat alle þai wer in wille and rede For him in felde to suffer dede.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2)481 : These þre in on godhede, Wyth on assent and on rede [vr. oon a rede], Alle þynge made wyth on spelle.
- a1500 Incest.Daughter (Cmb Ff.5.48)76 : They..beryd þe cors with boþe her rede, As she sodenly hade be ded.
3a.
(a) A course of action, way of proceeding; a plan, design; also, a well-advised policy [quot.: c1400]; (b) don (to) ~, to follow a course of action or plan; ben to ~, participate in a course of action; (c) don (reden) ~, to devise a plan; taken til (turnen to) ~, adopt a course of action; nimen (cacchen, inimen, itaken, taken) ~, nimen to ~, ben bi ~, adopt a plan or course of action; refl. nimen (taken) to ~; (d) connen ~, to know a plan or course of action; connen (knouen, witen) no(n ~, have no course of action, be at a loss; ben no(n ~; ben (sen) non other (no bettre) ~; (e) oute of (wil of, withouten) ~, uncertain what to do, at a loss, bewildered; (f) what is to ~, what is a possible or an advisable course of action; -- also with dative of interest; what (to) ~, what to do.
Associated quotations
a
- a1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1130 : Þær be het se abbot Heanri him þæt he scolde beieton him þone mynstre of Burch..God ælmihtig adylege iuele ræde.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6015 : For þis is sum riche king, rædes bi-dæled.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15262 : Ofte he hine biðohte what he don mahte and biþohten him enne ræd.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)307 : Þe hauec folȝeþ gode rede & fliȝt his wei & lat hem grede.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)437 : Þat was his red to helpe him so: He let Floriz on þat on cupe go.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)323/14 : Heo nust ȝwat was hire beste red, ake sore of him heo dradde.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)4059 : Bute if ðu migt forðen ðis red..For wi ne wopen, ne helped nogt.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11617 : Sir simond þouȝte anoþer red..To þe prince of walis..He wende after more help.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)124/277 : Betere red nys þer non here For to be crystes yuere..Bote felþe of senne to by-vly.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)222/1 : Þe mayde marie made of spoushod hire mentel; hueronder wolde by godes zone..y-conceyued..Under þo mentle wes y-hole uram þe dyeule þe priuite and þe red..of oure helþe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.2030 : Thanne thoghten they it were the beste reed [vr. rerede] To lede hem bothe to the iuge agayn.
- a1400(a1325) Glo.Chron.B (Trin-C R.4.26)1244 : On oþer red [A: Þo þer nas oþer wey bote stonde al out to dome, Þe erl of anoþer wei bi þouȝte him ilome.]
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)5638 : Þe kyng of þe londe dude by rede And made wiþ kyng Alisaunder peys.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)531 : What dide we now heere..it was a cold reed; Vs hadde ben better at home wiþ water and breed.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)662 : To fle þan was his best rede.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)2014 : Þan folowes þat man na wys rede Þat..hastes hym noght to clense hym sone Of al his syns.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)615 : And þowe bere a redy ey..To morowe when they shull wend, this is þe best rede.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)4382 : This is trewly my councell and my rede.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)307 : He wende hit to soþe ..þat Brutus hefde þa men..idon into þan castle..Ah Brutus dude betere read.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7361 : Buten he dude oðerne ræd, þar he sculden wurðen dæd.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3589 : Of ðo ðe weren to ðis red xxx hundred to ðe dead Woren ðane don sone a-non Ðurg strengðe of moyses and aaron.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)57/11 : Ȝef me ham zede oþer dede asemoche ssame to hire uader..as me deþ to hire uader of heuene..oþer red hi wolden do þer to þanne hi doþ.
- c1390 St.Greg.(Vrn)16/129 : Þe beste red hire þouhte to do, Heo lay stille and no word nolde speke.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2989 : Yeild hir to hir husband schet..if þou dos anoþer red Þou and þine all sal be dede.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7772 : Quen his squier him sagh þus ded, He did him-self þat ilk red [Göt: to þat ilk rede].
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)177 : Nay..so moot I the, Ded wole I nouȝt my broþer se, But do þy beste rede.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)261 : Brutus nom to reade þat him best was.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14879 : He radde al þa redes þat dede weoren þa biscopes.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)318 : Daris..ihc wurthe ded, Bute if þu do me sumne red.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)809 : Some guode men..hadden of him reuþe i-nouȝ, Fif kniȝtes nomen hem to rede and wenden to þe kingue.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)609 : Sone so þe quene fader, corineus, was ded, Þe king adde þer after wel sone inome [B vrr. take, ytake] is red. He vorsoc is owe wif.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3562 : Ȝut þis luþer false men in þe se come & tornde aȝen to suikedom & an oþer red nome.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7910 : Þe barons of herefordssire dude al so gret wou & þat folc of ssropssire, vor hii nome [B vr. toke] hom alle to rede & robbede wircestressire.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.1771 : They token hem to rede And soghten frendes ate nede.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)10741 : Þey ȝede and toke hem alle to rede And tolde hys wyfe þat he was dede.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1994 : Swiche hym þreteneþ ne durren hym seen -- By oþere rade ȝee moten been.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)631 : Antonius..Tok ek his red and bothe..His wif and he and al his ost forth wente To shipe anon.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.35 : 'Take the tille [vr. turne the to] a bettur rede..Lette the cors go inne his graue'..'That body schalle neuyr in the erthe come.'
- a1500(?c1400) Gowther (Adv 19.3.1)720 : He..halpe holy kyrke in all is myght, Þus toke [vr. cawght] he bettur reyd.
d
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6654 : For ne con ich nenne godne ræd, buten we moten..senden æfter cnihten..& setten þine castles mid kene monnen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12858 : Arður þa nuste nenne red godne.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)136/11 : Set cum ignoremus quid agere debeamus, hoc solum habemus residui..Ah hwen we swa beoð bisteaðet..Þet we mid alle na read ne cunnen bi us seoluen, þis an we mahe don.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)322 : Þe beste red þat ihc þe can: Wend to-moreȝe to þe tur, [etc.].
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)309 : Get ic wene I can a red, Ðat hem sal bringen iwel sped.
- c1330(?a1300) Guy(2) (Auch)p.518 : Y wot wele, ȝif y þider fare, Þai schal me sle wiþ sorwe & care, Certes, y can no red.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1692 : No better red be resun i ne knowe þan to swiche a bold beste best to be disgised.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1216 : Ther nas noon other remedye ne reed, But taketh his leue and homward he hym spedde.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.197 : He dradde his fader wrathe and kouþe non oþer reed but fleiȝ as an outlawe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.108 : So wiste I me non other red, Bot as it were a man forfare, Vnto the wode gan I to fare.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.116 : So that he knew non other red Bo[t] forto wayten upon alle, Til..he hire love myhte grieve.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3859 : I was astoned, and knew no red, But fledde awey for verrey dred.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1987 : To his help, the beste red I can Is that we do the gayler prively To come..And don this woful man with hym to come.
- c1440(a1400) Eglam.(Thrn)586 : Þan he ne couþe [vr. sawe] no bettir rede, When þat his nobyll stede was dede, To fote he gane hym tane.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)1254 : Certis..hit his no rede Bot hastilich smyt of my hede.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)460 : Bot when þey seyȝe non other redde, þey..burydone þat chylde fulle honestly.
- c1475 Libel EP (RwlPoet 32)301 : Thene his meyne seidene that he was dede, Tille we were goo, ther was no bettir reede.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)178 : Tho covd not he bettur Ryd But stond styll, tyll one were ded.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)1200 : Then covde he no nodur redde, But toke hys hors sone anon, And to an hermytage he can goon.
e
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)660 : Þe niȝtingale at þisse worde was wel neȝ ut of rede iworþe.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)379 : In my face þe levening smate..Þat weder made me so will of rede, I hopid sone to have my dede.
- a1425 Shrewsbury Frag.(Shrw 6)6/54 : Allas, where were oure wittis now? With wo now walk we, wil of red.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)6003 : This lady free Fylle in a swonnyng..Tho was Partanope wythouten rede..To hir he gan no word say.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)1988 : Of þem that was..bold to breke that moyses bede, ware xxiii milia sloyne; þen wer the remland wyll of rede.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)10279 : His messynger þei stoned to ded..þen Roboam was full wyll of rede.
f
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)90 : Wi, hwat scal us to rede, We þet brokeð godes hese..hwet scule we seggen oðer don et þe muchele dome?
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6751 : Whæt maȝe we nu to rade [Otho: Wat his vs nou to reade]?
- a1275 Doomsday (Trin-C B.14.39)4 : Hwenne ich þenche of domes-dai..Lauerd crist..wat is me to rede?
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)47/825 : Bute what schal vs to rede [vr. wat schal do to rede]? Ihc wene we beþ alle dede.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)433 : Þe porter þoȝte what to rede; He let flures gadere on þe mede.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (Hrl 2277)p.3 : The reve amorwe that hem scholde to here labour lede, Nuste he tho he miste hem what him was to rede.
- a1350 Flem.Insur.(Hrl 2253)113 : Awey, þou ȝunge pope, whet shal þe to rede?
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)3885 : Alas, what to rede? I se al mi folk fle for [þat] frekes dedes.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.914 : Sodeinly..Beclipt in armes, he hire kiste..Sche wok and nyste what to rede.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)5653 : Þe feyre men seyd, 'what ys to rede? Of hym fynde we no gode dede.'
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14254 : Leif lauerd..quat rede [Frf: quat to rede]? Mi broþer nu es fra me ded.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)24516 : Her in mi barm hald i þe ded, Allas, quat es me nu to red [Frf: me best to rede]?
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.18 : Ful redy was at prime Diomede, Criseyde unto the Grekis oost to lede, For sorwe of which she felt hire herte blede, As she that nyste what was best to rede.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)864 : Whan Brutus sey hys ffader ded, He nyste what was best to red.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)4827 : What ys to rede? Syn no man dar me helpe..Nede me dryueþ vntil þe ȝate.
3b.
(a) Plot, conspiracy; taken ~, to plot (to do sth.); (b) private thoughts.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6106 : Þus riht þurh swulne ræd wes Maximien dæd.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)57/608 : Aleast, as þe bi luuede..tu..þoledest pine & passiun þurh giwes read o rode.
- a1300(c1250) Floris (Vit D.3)127 : Rede [Suth: þrouȝ engynne Of þy faders reed and myne, Þis graue let we make].
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)502 : For yhow now sall I suffer dede Thurgh Iudas and þe Iewes rede.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Ph.(Manly-Rickert)C.146 : This iuge..made hym to ensure He sholde telle it to no creature..Whan that assented was this cursed reed, Glad was this iuge.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19711-13 : Þai tok þair red Dernli him to do to ded. Þair redes þar-for can þai run, Wit þe kepers o þat tun..to wait þe time Quen þai moght cum to murther him.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)1796 : Thus was the kyng ded be thike xij false mennes reed.
b
- c1415 Chaucer CT.Prol.(Corp-O 198)A.665 : In daunger hadde he at his owne gyse The yonge gerles of þe diocise And knew here counseil and what was al here rede.
3c.
Lot, fortune; occurrence, event; situation, state; ivel ~, misfortune.
Associated quotations
- a1150(OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)2/18 : Þa sone þa nigon werod..betæhton heora ræd to his willen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1951 : Her com a strong ræd þat Riwald kinge iwerð deað.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)4071 : Þe oðer wolde him habben dæd, hit þuhte him swiðe hærd ræd.
- c1225 St.Juliana (Roy 17.A.27)30/251 : Me areoweð þi read.
- a1275(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Trin-C B.14.39)133/667 : Þe rede mon, he is aquet [read: a quet], for he wole þe þin iwil red.
- ?a1300 Maximian (Dgb 86)250 : Reuþfoul is mi reed; Hoe makeþ me selden gled, Mi wif þat sholde be, Of me hoe is al seed.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)8890 : Aurelie..seide ȝam an strongne read, þat he moste beo dead.
- ?c1335 Þe grace of godde (Hrl 913)131 : O sinful man, wo worþ þi rede, Whan al þis wrech sal be for þe.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)36.299/63 : As wel may I take my dede, As ligge þus longe in careful rede.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)14295 : My broþer laȝer, þi frend, is deed, And þat is to me a colde reed.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)160 : Syþe Constaunce was ded [We ha]n had a sory red.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)195/22 : 'Der Lady, ȝe wetyn wel þat he is ded.' 'A, Iohn..þat is to me a careful reed.'
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)14.362 : For his hors vndir him was there ded, Whiche was to Eualach A sorweful Red.
- a1450 Dux Moraud (BodPoet f.2)105 : To sorowe che xuld vs a found, Þat adde ben to vs an ewyl red.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)48/158 : Ȝowre owyn dampnacion xulde ȝe bake, if ȝe me kepe from þis reed [rime: god].
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)10929 : Full sorrowfull was her rede, Lest she shuld fynd hym ded.
- a1500(?c1400) EToulouse (Cmb Ff.2.38)149 : My lordys be takyn, and some dede; Therfore carefull ys my rede.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)4410 : When y sye my men so dedde, Full of sorowe was my redde.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)174/405 : That rocked rybauld, and I may rayne, rufully shalbe his reade.
4.
(a) Something advisable, expedient, or helpful; benefit; assistance, support; don ~, to do a favor; help (sb.); (b) means of recovery, remedy, relief; rescue; don ~, to provide a remedy; give (sb.) relief or means of recovery, rescue (sb.); (c) medical treatment, cure; (d) salvation, redemption; (e) helper, supporter; (f) reward.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15722 : At me nabbe ȝenenne ræde, for ich æm wið Oswi iuæid.
- a1225 Wint.Ben.Rule (Cld D.3)137/3 : Gyf..hit þære abbodesse red þince, swa hwilce swa þeo abbodesse ȝeceose..sette hyre þa to priore.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)680 : Her is to red wo hine kon.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1073 : Of hire tunge ho nom red.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)496 : He gan ali wune Of bedes and of godefrigtihed For liues helpe and soules red.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1084 : If ðu frend hauest and wi[l]t don red, Bid him..ut ðis burges flen, Elles sulen he brennen.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1614 : Ðis lond ic sal giuen ðin sed And in ðis weige don ðe red.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3508 : Help de nedful, ðat he ne be dead For truke of ðin helpe an read.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)993 : Þa Englisce ouer-comen þe Brutuns & brouhten heom þer neoðere, þat neofer seoððen heo ne arisen ne herræden [read: her ræden] funden.
- ?a1300 Maximian (Dgb 86)259 : Crist, þou do me reed. Me were leuere deed Þen þus aliue to bee.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1241 : Ðe child ne mai ghe for sorge sen..Wende ghe it coueren neuere-mor; Goddes merci dede hire reed; An angel meðede hire ðat ned, Tagte hire ðor a welle-spring.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3897 : Non oðer red ðor don ne was, Moyses ðor made a wirme of bras.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)1242 : Ȝiue ich were ded, Þe king no worþ þerof no red.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9586 : Ȝyf þou sawe hyt yn perel of dede, And þou ne coudest do bote ne rede, Ne seye wurde ne helpe at nede..Þou shalt þerfore perel haue.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11505 : Attropa gaf gift o mir..dedman cors wit smerld es, For roting es na better rede.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)8376 : Þou has on liuis moni childer..peraunter þer wil rise strife bot ȝe do rede in ȝoure life.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)5.241 : So rewe on þis robert þat red non ne hauiþ.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.965 : Þer was noon help, pleinly, nor no red, But þat he brak & carfe a-two þe þrede..of cruel Antropos.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)19.216 : Ful fain wolde thanne this gode qwene That hire brothir Owt Of preson hadde bene, But sche was tho A lone womman, And ful litel Reed of this sche kan.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)203 : My swete wyf, Awake! let be your sorwful lyf!..in your sorwe there lyth no red.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)588 : This ys my peyne wythoute red, Alway deynge and be not ded.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.41 : Lord, I aske the rede, Hastely that I were dede.
c
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4227 : Allas! ther was non oþer red Nor lech-craft that he [ne] mot be ded.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.661 : Phebus, that first fond art of medicyne..and couthe in every wightes care Remedye and reed, by herbes he knew fyne, Yet to hymself his konnyng was ful bare.
d
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)24 : God srid him in manliched, Dede mankinde bote and red.
e
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)63/146 : Gif us to dei ure deies bred, Lauerd god, al ure red.
- a1300 Hit bilimpeð (Corp-O 59)28 : Vre daȝwunelich bred, louerd, þu vs sende..ihesu crist..he beo vre help & ure red to ure liues ende.
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.1 : Jesu Crist, al þis worldes red..He lete ous alle to ben wise.
- a1350 Suete ihu king (Hrl 2253)57 : Suete Iesu, al folkes reed, graunte ous..þe vnderfonge in fourme of bred.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7576 : 'Þou es,' coth golias, 'but ded.' Coth dauid, 'godd i tak to red.'
- c1400 St.Alex.(3) (LdMisc 622)67/1025 : For my son þat lijþ here ded In elde he shulde haue ben my red.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2902 : And ȝit þou takest noon hede, Þat schust a deyed, nadde sche ben þin rede.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.551 : Chaucer now, allas, is nat alyue Me to reforme or to be my rede.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)433/1140 : Help, blissid Edmund, help and be my reed.
f
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2514 : He it him gatten and wurð he dead, God do ðe soule seli red.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)80/32 : We þe byddeþ..Þat no fend ous ne schende, Nou, ne wanne þe tyme comþe Þet we scholle hennes wende, And ȝyf þe lyues mysse [read: mylse] and grace, Þe dede red and reste.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3235 : Socour is non, nor ther may be non red lich my desert, but that I mot be ded.
5.
(a) Consultation, deliberation; techen to ~, to take (sb.) into confidence; clepen to ~, call (sb.) into a consultation; drauen (nimen) to ~; (b) taken (nimen) ~, to consult; nimen to ~, consult; -- also refl.; refl. taken to ~, consult; (c) pondering, consideration; (d) regard; nimen ~ to, taken ~ of (to), to have regard for (sth.); (e) meeting, council; gathering; (f) ?counselor.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)885 : Þa bleou Brutus & bonnede his ferde & speken to-gadere of feole wisdomes & funden on ræde þat heo faren wolde.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5598 : Þa nom he Traher, his æm, & tæhte hine to rade & þis lond him bi-tahte.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5753 : & he irad-liche lædde hine to ræde.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7857 : Þe king hine bi-þohte whæt he don mihte & droh [Otho: nam] him to ræde redȝiuen gode.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9600 : Cnihtes eoden to ræde, cnihtes eoden to rune.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)12063 : Þe ilke tweien eorles weoren Ardures deore men at rede and at rune.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)5797 : He cleopede to reade alle his wise.
b
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)87 : Hi nomen heom to rede at heore motynge Hw hi myhten vre louerd to þe deþe brynge.
- c1300 SLeg.Dunstan (LdMisc 108)74 : Þe Bischop of wyrecestre was ded; Þe kyng and þe Erchebischop Eode þar-of nomen heore red And þene holie Abbod, seint Dunston, Bischop huy maden þere.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1737 : Wið is wiues he takeð red.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6749 : Þe barons nome to rede And oþer heiemen..And chose seint edward to king.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)100 : Erls and barouns euerichon Token hem to red anon..And made Costaunce her king.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)4016 : Whan þys yche abbot was dede, Alle þe munkes toke hem to [vr. toke here] rede And chese hem syre Eutycyus To be abbot.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)213 : Whan þe kyng þus was slawe, Eorles, barons, hyȝhe and lawe Tokyn heom alle to rede, A kyng þey mosten haue nede.
- a1500 7 Sages(1) (Cmb Ff.2.38)207/1632 : They toke them to rede How þey myȝt saue þem fro þe dede.
c
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)7901 : Shortly wiþ-out mare rede þai sulde hem..bringe to dede.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3253 : So wolde God, with-oute lenger red, Taquiten hym anoon, þat I were ded.
- a1525 Conq.Irel.(Dub 592)28/33 : Whan the erle had thys I-hard, he was yn many thoghtes, & aftyr many selcouth & dyuers redes, at the last he bethoght hym that so fewe men..hadden..so well I-sped.
d
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)72/502 : Nu þe deorre drihtin arew us ant toc read of ure alde dusischipes.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Bod 34)76/532 : Nim ȝeme of þi ȝuheðe, areow þi wlite, ant tac [Tit: nim] read..to þe seoluen.
e
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)190 : Alle þe weren at þisse reade biluuede þeos runen.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)16/8 : [H]elle-hundes, lauerd, habbet bitrummet me, & hare read þet heaneð me haueð al biset me.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2547 : Quuað ðis ging wið hem stille in red, 'Ðis ebris waxen michil sped.'
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4550 : Þe barunnage mikel ferli thoght Þat suilk to king red was broght.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.48 : Þe clergie & þe baronage samned at a reade & com to Southampton & corouned Sir Knoute.
f
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.665 : In daunger hadde he at his owene gyse The yonge gerles of the diocise And knew hir counseil and was al hir reed.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)189/5 : Þer ben many goode redes [Vulg. Prov.11.14: consilia], þat is, goode counseilers.
6.
(a) Wisdom, prudence, judgment; what is wise or sensible [quot.: Owl & N., 1st]; ~ purs, a bag of wisdom, one's store of good ideas; mad of ~, dumbfounded; connen ~, to be wise; setten ~, direct (one's) wisdom (to do sth.); (b) skill, ingenuity; (c) theol. one of the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost, counsel.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)86/33 : Þe mon ane hæfæðȝescead & ræd & andȝit.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)4 : Þah ich bo a wintre ald, to ȝung ich em on rede.
- a1275 *Body & S.(4) (Trin-C B.14.39)134 : Þif [read: Ȝif] gold..mit charre ded, Selden deit animon þat auede ani red, þat he ne heue [read: yeue]..of is gold.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)396 : Ho ne miȝte noȝt a legge Þat þe hule hadde hire ised, Vor he spac boþe riȝt an red.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)694 : Ȝif þat he forlost his wit, Þonne is his red purs alto slit [read: al toslyt].
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)704 : Ful wel mid rede hire biþoȝte An hadde andswere gode ifunde.
- c1300 SLeg.John (LdMisc 108)361 : A ȝoung man he say þare-bi-side, staleworþe and fair al-so, Ake a liȝht red he was and of þunne wit.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.3432 : Thus sche began to sette red And torne aboute hir wittes alle, To loke hou that it mihte falle That sche with him hadde a leisir To speke and telle of hir desir.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10627 : Es nan þat cuthe sa mikel rede, Þat mare it was hir dughtihede.
- c1400 St.Alex.(2) (Trin-O 57)27/98 : Hy by-soȝten him a mayde þat witty was and ful of rede.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)1321 : Heo tolde heom al þe soþe byfore..of his wisdam and of his red, How he saued hire fro ded.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)398 : We ben rihtful of red and resoun alowen..we ne liȝthe noht our lif wiþ no luþur dede.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.123 : Ho is riall of his ray..light reede him folwith.
- c1500 Libeaus (Ashm 61)287/1193 : Mad of rede [Lamb: Than was he madde of mode].
b
- c1330(c1250) Floris (Auch)250 : Þe pomel aboue þe led Is iwrout wiȝ so moche red, þat men ne dforren [read: dorfen] aniȝt berne Neiþer torche ne lanterne.
c
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)183/33 : Þet is a grat grace þet þe holy gost yefþ, þet is ycleped þe yefþe of red, huerby þe man heþ grat bezyinge and grat beþenchinge in þet he nymþ an hand.
7.
A statement, speech.
Associated quotations
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1500 : Leoue dohter, Regau, waet seist tu me to ræide; Seie þu..heo dure ich am þe an herten.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2302 : Heo seiden heom enne strongne ræd: 'Nu ȝe beon alle dead, ah ȝef ȝe wullen us seuggen, ȝet ȝe mawen libben, whonene ȝe beð icumene.'
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2244 : But þe knyȝt..Cumfortyd hym sone & seyde hys rede: 'Be nat adred..For help y come to þe now here.'
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11754 : Now may we knaw not for trew þis rybald red.
8.
In proverbs and sayings.
Associated quotations
- a1237 in Whiting Prov.p.484 : Schort red, god red.
- a1250(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(*Glb A.19-James)118/442 : Uor it seiþ in þe led, cold red is cwene red.
- a1250-a1700(a1220) Giraldus Des.Kambriae in RS 21.6188 : Betere is red [L gloss.: deliberatio] thene rap.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)762 : Vor soþ hit is þat seide alured, 'Ne mai no strengþe aȝen red.'
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)941 : Þe wraþþe binimeþ monnes red.
- a1275(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Trin-C B.14.39)116/436,439 : Salomon hid hawit isait, Hue can moni yuel reid..þe mon þad hire red folewid, he bringeþ him to seruȝe.
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.34 : Betere is red þen res.
- c1300 Prov.Bozon (Roy 8.E.17)9 : Er yu do eny þing, þenk one þe ending; Betere his red þan res.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)180 : He..seyden..That þerl Godrigh..Was trewe man..Wis man of red, wis man of dede.
- c1330 Len puet (Auch)63 : Nu wille is red, Wit is qued, And god is dede.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)184/2 : Greate þinges byeþ y-do naȝt be strengþe of bodie ne be armes, ac be guod red.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)184/4 : Of hastif red, hit uorþingþ efte[r]ward.
- a1400 Spec.Chr.(1) (Hrl 7322)335 : Quicquit eis placent [read: placet] pro iure habetur; & ideo bene dicitur 'wil is red.'
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)2955 : He thoght wemen kowth gif gud rede Vnto men þat had grete nede.
- 1425(a1400) Spec.Chr.(1) (Lnsd 344)131/1 : Wil is rede.
9.
In surnames.
Associated quotations
- (1165) in Pipe R.Soc.839 : Walterus filius Radewi.
- (1176) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames151 : Robert Smalred.
- (1185) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames292 : Redewinus.
- (1221) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames292 : Gilbert Redwy.
- (1254) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames292 : Robert Redwyne.
- (1274) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames319 : Martin Shortrad.
- (1275) Hundred R.Tower 1226 : Simon' Redwin.
- (1279) Hundred R.Tower 2703 : Andr' Redwy.
- (1317-27) Nickname in LuSE 55160 : Joh. Scortrede.
- (1332) Name in LuSE 3555 : Schortrede.
- (1372-6) in Reaney Dict.Br.Surnames151 : Philip Lytylred.
- c1383 Reg.Gaunt in RHS ser.3.20100 : Philip Littylred.