Middle English Dictionary Entry
banēr(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | banēr(e n. Also baniēre, banner. |
Etymology | OF ban(i)ere |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The distinctive banner of a lord or country, carried as a rallying-point in the van of battle, flown by a ship, or displayed on state occasions; beren a ~; under ~, in combat; (b) a)raisen ~, a)reren (braiden, displaien) ~, raise or display a banner as a sign of the onset of battle; enter into battle, start a campaign; (c) a)waiten on ~, folwen (seuen) ~, follow (someone's) leadership in combat, be on his side; under the kinges ~, on the king's side.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)82a : Schrift..bereð þe banere biuoren al godes ferd.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)98b : Þer he sið i riht up swucche baneres as me deð i castel.
- c1300 SLeg.Aug.Cant.(LdMisc 108)44 : Ane Croyz..huy leten a-rere, And in stude of Banere bi-fore heom huy bere.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.976,978 : The rede statue of Mars..shyneth in his white baner large..And by his baner born is his penoun.
- (1391) Acc.Exped.Der.in Camd.n.s.5293/12 : Pro fabricacione de frenge de baners.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)284a/a : Þe baners of þe romayns were y hight wiþ reed silke.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.68 : Antecriste hadde thus sone hundredes at his banere, And Pryde it bare boldely aboute.
- (1415) in Rymer's Foedera (1709-10)9.300 : Havyng wyth the Erle a Baner of the Armes of Ynglond.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.8034 : An hundrid schipes of tour..And þe baners, brode, briȝt, and large, Were splaied out vp-on euery side.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)142 : Þe baners [in Pilate's court] gan him bowe.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)14.591 : That knight bar A banere Of Eualachs Armes.
- a1475(1450) Scrope DSP (Bod 943)38/30 : The lawis susteinethe them vpon ij þingis..vpon the swerde and vpon þe baniere [DSPhilos.: vndir the swerde and vnder baner].
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)744 : Sir Gye aspied his comynge, He knewe the baner of Fraunce.
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)14 : Wice and war ofte þay were, Bold vndur banere.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)42 : Thei of the portes saugh the baners roiall of kynge Constance.
b
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)72/67 : He liet ordeinie is fierd wel, and is banere up are[r]de.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.966 : And right anoon..His baner he desplayeth and forth rood To Thebesward.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)7649 : Swych men areysen baner Aȝens holy cherches power.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)1954 : Rere [vrr. reyse, arere] þy baner when þou art ynne: fful wel shul ȝe al Troye wynne.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)4713 : Thei rered many a gomfanoun, Baneres brode of fyne asure.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)774 : Þai..Braidis banars a-brade, buskis to mete.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)476 : The Pope did display than The hie baner of Rome.
- (c1475) Exped.Edw.IV (Arms 2M.16)4v : When the Kyng or Any other prince ffurst disployth theyr baners, hyt wolde be doon by sadde..Counceillors..Schewyng..thatt he doeth hit apon a Just cawse and quarell..the chief herauld to vnrolle hit and the prince to make hym Knyght thatt berreth the sayd baniere.
c
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.163 : He assigned, to waite [vr. awaite] on his baner, þre þousand knyȝtes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1041 : Alle þe kynges þat his baner swe.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)148/11 : The Chane..commaunded hem anon to make hem redy & to sewen his banere.
- a1500(c1465) SEChron.(Lamb 306)52 : This yere..was..the Erle of Stafford slayne under the kynges baner.
2.
A pennant (hanging from a trumpet).
Associated quotations
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)117 : Trumpes Wyth mony baner ful bryȝt þat þer-bi henged.
- (1456) Invent.Armory in Archaeol.16125 : Item v Banners for Trumpetts.
- 1598(a1475) Flower & L.(Speght)211 : On every trumpe hanging a brood banere Of fyn tartarium, were ful richly bete.
3.
(a) A banner bearing a religious device, displayed either in the church or in procession; ~ cloth; ~ staf (pole), a pole from which banners are hung in procession or as a church fixture; (b) a banner of a city company or guild.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)363/44 : His [St. Mark's] dai men fastez..for reuerence of þe baneres..men berez heom eche ȝere a-boute.
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(LdMisc 108)362 : Þis holie man al-so prechede..In alle halewene church-ȝerd..with þe Baneres at onderne, ase men doth alonde wel wide.
- c1300 SLeg.Patr.(LdMisc 108)476 : A procession..with creoiz and with taperes and with baneres clere.
- ?c1430(?1383) Wycl.Curse (Corp-C 296)308 : Þe seel or baner of Crist on þe croos, þat is tokene of pees, mercy, and charite.
- 1454-5 Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15158 : For beryng of the banners yn the Rogacion Dayes.
- (1456) Invent.Armory in Archaeol.16124 : Item vj Banners beten of our Lady.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)310 : Thei fond there [in Oldcastle's house] a banere costfully depeynted with..Crist ful of woundis, the spere, and the nayles.
- (1466) in Cox Churches Derb.4.87 : To the passyon altar belongeth..vj bannar clothes, ij pendants or straymers, and vj shaffetes or banar polles to them.
- (1474-76) Acc.St.Andrew Hubbard in BMag.31537 : Paied for peyntyng of banerstaves for the ij stremers, viij d.; item, paied for a pole to be a banerstaf for one of the same stremers, vj d.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)150/27 : Yn processyon bellys ryngyþe, baners ben borne befor, þe crosse comyþ aftyr, and all þe pepull suyth.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)122/16 : Þe banners þat betokeneþ the victorie of Crist are rerede vp in-to the heyȝt.
b
- (1418) Grocer Lond.in Bk.Lond.E.201/214 : j Cheste with xij baners.
- (1437) Doc.Merchant York in Sur.Soc.12949 : Payd to David Paynter for xxiiij baners peyntyng, wyth canvas langyng thereto.
- (1438) Acc.Bk.Carpenter Co.2 : Also v bannerrs For Menstrall.
- (1455) Doc.in Nicholl Ironmongers27 : That he which shall bere the Baner of the saide Crafte..be enarmed in the same armes.
4.
Fig. (a) A banner symbolizing approach; an advance sign; (b) a protective banner; a symbol of protection; (c) ?a symbol of availability; (d) a symbolic embodiment, object, or sign; a symbol.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3220 : O Phebus..Withdrawgh the Banere of thin Armes, And let thi lyhtes ben unborn.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12721 : Iohn baptist..come be-fore wit his baner, Þe cristen lagh man forto lere.
b
- c1390 Ihesu þi swetnes (Vrn)83 : His [Christ's] baner ful brode displayed is, Whon so my fo wol me assayle.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)173/26 : The banere of Ihesu crist is allweys displayed..to the help of his trewe louynge seruauntes.
- a1450(1419) Loke how Flaundres (Dgb 102)64 : Here enemys..seyn, 'for synne, Of here banere of grace, god broken haþ þe shaft.'
- ?c1450 Helpe crosse (Stockh 10.90)3 : Helpe, crosse..Helpe, banere beste my fon to doo flee.
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.492 : If sche be freissh and wel araied, He seith hir baner is displaied To clepe in gestes fro the weie.
d
- a1350 Ichot a burde in boure (Hrl 2253)50 : Heo is coral of godnesse..ant baner of bealte.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2019 : I bere of love the gonfanoun, Of curtesie the banere.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)123b/a : It is demed þat horynez is yuel & suspecte, ffor whi it semeþ þat deþ haþ applied his baner to þe heued.
- a1450(a1400) Medit.Pass.(2) (Add 11307)1604 : Þin haberion is þy body fre, þy baner is þe rode-tre.
5.
(a) A representation of a banner; (b) a decorative garland (round the neck of a roasted boar).
Associated quotations
a
- (1458) Will York in Sur.Soc.30227 : A grete salte salar gilte with banars and fanes.
b
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Arun 220)p.173 : La teste de un sengler tot arme, E au groyn le coler en banere: wit baneres of flurs [Phil: ful of banieres].
6.
A combat company or troop ranged under a particular banner.
Associated quotations
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)3841 : Þo seiȝe þai seuen baners..Grifles ladde þe secounde..Þe þridde folc ladde Bretel..Þe ferþ baner ladde Kay.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.242 : He went to play a wile with fo of his banere.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.306 : Þei were euer in wehere..Whilk was best banere with þat side forto hold.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)5/7 : Whare er ȝe, Skottes of Saint Iohnes toune? Þe boste of ȝowre baner es betin all doune.
- c1450(c1353) Winner & W.(Add 31042)168 : With many a blesenande beryn his banere es stuffede.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)647 : Riders be wyngis clept..But now that ege is called the banere Or banerye.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)2.66 : Þey had no myghte..to bere byrthen, ȝoure banere to helpe.
7.
Combs. (a) ~ berer; (b) ~ cloth, a baner (sense 3); (c) ~ hol, a hole for a rope or pole from which a banner is hung; (d) ~ lugge, a banner pole; (e) ~ man; (f) ~ pol; (g) ~ shaft; (h) ~ staf.
Associated quotations
a
- (1439-41) Grocer Lond.(Kingdon)360/2 : Payed for costes vppon Seint Auntilon is day for prestis, Clerkys, Ringeris and Baner Berers.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)23 : Banyoure or bannerberere: Vexillarius, vexillifer, primipilus.
- (c1475) Exped.Edw.IV (Arms 2M.16)4r : All baner berrers and standarez berers to haue doble wages, aftyr as they Are of aveour or degree.
b
- (1432) Rec.St.Mary at Hill27 : Also ij olde crosses of laton & ij stanes for þe principall crosses & ij baner clothis.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15150 : Item, ij baner cloths of Seynt Kateryn.
- (1466) in Cox Churches Derb.86 : A banare clothe of sylke havyng opon hyt the Image of the assumpcion of our lady.
c
- (1429) *Mun.B.Bridgewater15 : For boryng of þe banerholys yn þe lofte, ij d.
d
- (1447-8) Acc.Yatton in Som.RS 488 : Vor makyng of to baner luggus iiij d.
e
- (1450) Doc.in Gilbert Cal.Dublin 1302 : John Browne, banner man of the sayd citte.
f
- (1434-35) Acc.St.Michael Oxf.in OAST 7832 : For berynge of the banere polles on holy Thurysday, ii d.
- (1466) in Cox Churches Derb.87 : vj bannar clothes, ij pendants or straymers, and vj shaffetes or banar polles to them.
g
- (1417) *For.Acc.(PRO) 8 Hen.V D/1b [OD col.] : iiijor Banershaftes.
- (1456) Invent.Armory in Archaeol.16125 : x olde banner shafts bound with yren.
h
- (1457) Grocer Lond.in EGSt.(1948)92 : Banerstavis.
- (1468-9) Acc.St.Edm.Sarum11 : In viij banerstauis.