Middle English Dictionary Entry
prō̆vō̆ken v.
Entry Info
Forms | prō̆vō̆ken v. Also provoke, provoce, prowok. |
Etymology | OF provochier, provoquer, provoker & L prōvocāre. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To seek forgiveness of (God), supplicate; ppl. provoking, seeking or eliciting forgiveness; (b) law to appeal (a case to a higher authority).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)150 : If þou be not bi repentaunce prouokid for hem in special..þou wolt caste peyne vpon hem for a while bi a purgatorie in þis world or in þe world to come.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)172 : Þo synnes ben such synnes as þou art woned to forȝeue..wiþ vse of þe seid xiiij prouokyng meenys.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)194 : Ech man stondyng in charite and in grace may effectuely prouoke þee, god, bi hise preiers and bi hise oþere moral vertuose werkis þat þou, god, forȝeue þe synnys of an oþer man.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)408 : Oþere moral vertues of outward worching ben more penal þan preier, and þerfore as in þat more satisfactorie or prouoking þan preier.
b
- a1500(?1421) Let.Marg.Anjou in Camd.86 (Add 46846)28 : If ayenst this peticion any processe be made of any maner Juge..he provoketh and appelleth this cause directly to the rightwisness of god and to the liege lorde, ffor other juges in this matere he hath utterly suspecte.
2.
(a) To urge (sb.), incite, encourage, persuade; urge or encourage (sb. to do sth.); (b) to entice (sb.), tempt; tempt (sb. to do sth.); ben provoked into the deth of, be driven to kill (sb.); (c) to induce (meekness).
Associated quotations
a
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)2 Cor.9.2 : Ȝoure emulacyoun or loue has prouokyd manye to gyfe almesse to seyntes.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)1227 : He ferd lych a egle schakyng his wyngis, Prouokyng his birdis here coors for to flye.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)415 : Provokyn, or steryn to good or badde: Provoco.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)164 : Lordis and kingis in þis world..wolen be provokid into mercy by such xiiij meenys as now ben seid.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)22 : Thouȝ he schulde stire and prouoke and exorte, bidde or counseile hem therto, ȝit it ouȝte not be seid that thilk epistle groundid eny of tho lawis..of Englond.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)521 : The peple schal be the more prouokid and stirid for to logge hem in tho ynnes.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)95/33 : Þis strok was not smet of God as an enmye, but as a frend prouokyng a man to batayle.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)120/6 : Of þe gouernauns of hys bateylis and how he schuld prouoke þe hoste.
- c1490(1462) LRed Bk.Bristol2.128 : Many of the Crafte..of Weuers..provokyn and stere divers marchauntz..to bryng in to this Towne of Bristowe people of divers Countrees.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)20/29 : Þese owe to prouoke us more to lyue profite wel.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)107/23 : Þou owist..to be prouoked to hyer þinges.
b
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)2701 : Þe iustice..cursidly sellith he, ffor loue of mede him prouokiþ þer-to.
- ?a1450 Whane that phebus beemes (Cleo C.4)35 : O brykell worlde..Thow provokest man to folowe sensualyte.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)356/22 : Sho talkid vnto hym wurdis to provoce hym to luste.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)3.45 : Bothe Numetor and the ij breþer were prouokede in to the dethe off Amulius.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)94/22 : What is this? Nothing ellis but a bandon alltogedre and ouir natur to provoke the worlde to a superfluite and to a comon lechery.
c
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)31/38 : Cloth þat is litele worth..is verely feyr anenste God, for it prouoketh mekenes.
3.
(a) To anger (sb.), enrage, vex; (b) to provoke (sb. to anger); goad (sb. into being angry, showing cruelty, etc.); (c) to arouse (anger); give rise to (discord); (d) med. to inflame (bodily fluids, an ulcer).
Associated quotations
a
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5282 : Troyens han vs grevid, Prouokid vs, & wilfully y-mevid To rise ageyn hem.
- c1450 O Lord allmyghty (Hat 73)22 : Thy gastfull Iugement, lord, y ne drade..But contrarie..With wikked dedis prouokid the.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)1837 : The ferenters and thei to gedir keste Named the light armure..Thorgh shulde passe and first with shot prouoke The aduerse part.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)4.51 : Anthiocus Magnus, provokede [L provocatus] thro that, hade occupiede alle Egipte.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3252 : What hastow gilt, ouþer do greuaunce To þi goddis..Hem to prouoke to schewe her cruel myȝt Vp-on þi blod?
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5265 : I deme hym pleynly in a rage..þat durste þis viage In any wyse perturben or..Vs to prouoke to Ire.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)216/1 : With þer vnthrifti language hym at had rewle of þaim þai provoked & stirrid to be angrie and wrothe.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)90/10 : He hath provoked me to indignacion ayaynst him.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.323 : Prouokyth nout ne steryth nout ȝour childryn to wretth vnskilfuly.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)53/2 : Hough shulde thei thanne be wourthy to haue His peace that prowok [him] at all tymes to stande in gretter indignacion?
c
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)52/7 : He was alȝeuen to euyl, to prouoke the wreth and veniaunce of oure lorde god to hymselfe.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)178/25 : Thei prouoke the wreth of gode.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)179/1 : Nor thou woldist cesse till thy parfaite peas was troubled and chaunged into moost cruell diuision..And sithen thou hast prouoked it and called it to the, thou most needys suffre the charge and prikkinges therof.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)48/13 : The synne of the clergie provoketh so largely the indignacon of God.
d
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)26b/b : Þe 3a. intencioun is complete bifore þe vlceracioun with refrenatiuez & euaporatiuez myxte, þat þe materie goo noȝt agayn ne also be noȝt prouoked or angred [Ch.(2): wreþþed; L irritetur].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)87a/b : Cancer vlcerate is caused of one not vlcerate, and of vlcerez angred or prouoked [Ch.(2): ygreuede; L irritatis] & vnwisely cured.
4.
Med. & surg. (a) To induce (sleep, sweating, vomiting, menstruation, urination); stimulate (appetite, the hemorrhoidal veins); cause (fever); ~ oute, drive out (pain); (b) provoking medicine, a medicine that induces a bodily function.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)39a/b : Slepe is prouoked with þe narcoticis.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)57b/b : Þo þingez þat prouokez sudour, i. swet, beþ helping to þis spasme.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)141b/b : If it auaile not, be vomite prouoked euery day in drinkyng..nasturcij.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)73b/b : Blodelesse of þat veine prouokeþ hugelie a wommannes floures.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)186a/b : Ȝiff a man haue þe dropesie, þe beste þinge þat a man maie do is forto prouoke vrine.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)61/13 : Fleobotomye of þe inward sophenis of þe leggez prouokeþ þe emoroidez and menstruez.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)636/22 : It prouokeþ vryne, if it be wiþholden.
- ?a1450 Arderne LW (Em 69)124 : Thane schall ther be made byndynge in the hypes, provokynge out the sorowe.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)142 : Dragance rotes dronken with wyn stureþ lecherye and prouokyþ vryne.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)207/16 : For to prouoke appetyte.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)208/24 : For to provoke a vomete.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)97a/b : Þer ben summe þat setten in her bokis medicyns þat prouoken þe feueris.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)102b/a : Þe pacientis ben hastily þeraftir brouȝt vn to her deeþ and namely if it so be þat matere be not y-purgid or ellis þe flux of menstrues prouokid.
- c1484(a1475) Caritate SSecr.(Tak 38)153/18 : Labour and meuyng is goode to þe body, and also batthys and to prouoke sqwete.
- a1500 Hisp.SSecr.(Rwl C.83)8/28 : Hit is also conuenient onis in a monith to provoke a vomitt.
b
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)523/29 : Vryn þat is denyed is prouoked with þe forsaide provokynge medecynes [L prouocantibus].
5.
To cause (sb. to sweat); cause or induce (sb. to drink); with that- clause: bring about (a state or condition); ~ to grace, ?restore (sb.) to favor.
Associated quotations
- c1450(?a1405) Lydg.CBK (Frf 16)671 : Your trew man may summe mercie fynde..Let [him] ayein be prouoked to grace.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)1.405 : Buttyr, mylke, and chese..prouoke a man to drynke methe and ale.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)7/24 : What were þis þanne? forto prouoke þat no writing were had or rad or occupied into goostli feeding and edifiyng of cristen soulis?
- a1500 The best tre (BodPoet e.1)p.55 : Good wyne provokes a man to swete.