Middle English Dictionary Entry
popī(e n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | popī(e n.(1) Also popẹ̄, poppei, (error) popic & papi, (early) papig. |
Etymology | OE popig; forms in -a- prob. due to influence of L papāver. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Opium poppy Papaver somniferum or any of the varieties of this plant; also, the seeds of poppy used as a spice [quot.: (1323-4)]; (b) any of several species of the genus Papaver cultivated in gardens; ~ roial; (c) ~ bolle, the seed pod of the opium poppy; also, a representation of a poppyhead in heraldry; ~ leves, ?the leaves of the corn poppy used medicinally; also, a representation of such leaves in metalwork; ~ rote, the root of a poppy plant used as a medicinal ingredient; ~ sed; flour of ~, ?the flowers of the corn poppy; oile of ~, oil extracted from the seeds of black poppy; (d) blak ~, a variety of opium poppy with black seeds; also, the seeds of this poppy [see also blak adj. 4. (d)]; bleu ~, cornflower or bluebottle Centaurea cyanus; red ~, a variety of opium poppy; also, corn poppy Papaver rhoeas; whit ~, a variety of opium poppy with white flowers; also, the opium extracted from its capsules; wilde ~, Papaver rhoeas; also, any of several unrelated species: ?whin Ulex europaeus, ?ground furze Ononis repens, or ?Centaurea calcitrapa.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)88.39 : Cnuca on anum trywenan mortere & anne cuculere fulne amerede huniȝes & grene papig.
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)544/34 : Papauer: popi.
- (1323-4) Sacrist R.Ely 240 : In j libr. de Popy, j s. iiij d.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3007 : Ther is growende upon the ground Popi, which berth the sed of slep.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)242a/a : Popy hatte papauer and is a slepy herbe and..is double, commun and wylde; Ther of comeþ Ius þat phisicians clepeþ opium.
- ?a1400 Adv.18.5.16 Gloss.(Adv 18.5.16)159 : Papaver: popic.
- (?a1390) Daniel *Herbal (Add 27329)f.113rb-113va : Ȝet haue I norisched thre manere of pope, but þe erbes ne þe sedes might I not knowe asonder, til þe floures opnede & euere more blac pope cam vp among -- & qwan þou redest papauer alone, it is qwit pope.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)58a : Papy is hote and drye and ben of iij manerys..white..black..rede; Some men calliþ hit chessboll.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)178b/b marg. : Popy. Papauer is an herbe fri. & sic..wiþ a familier stupefaccioun.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)161b/a : Þes ben þo stupefactiues: Opium, mandragge..& alle maner of popies oute taken þe blake popie.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)196b/b : Opium is þe iuse of popye dryed.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)122 : Popie is cold and drie, and..þere ben iii manere of hit, for þe flour of oon is white, of a-noþer it is reed..of þe þridde somedel rede and pale.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)154 : Tak iij sponful of þe galle of abarow swyne..& iij sponful of pope..medle al hem to geder.
b
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)159/5 : He toke a lytle rodde and..with the rodde s[mot]e of the hedes of the popies.
- a1500 Sln.Herb List (Sln 1201)76 : Herbes fo[r] Savour and beaute..Popyroyall.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)231a/a : Mowþes þerof..haueþ dyuers seed yliche to popy seed.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)238a/a : Of symple oyles, oyle of olyue is best..and þanne oyle of popy..y-made of blak popy seed.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)173/5 : Medle ham togedre wiþ oyle of popy.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)3.579 : Now popy seed in grounde is good to throwe.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)99/183 : Take þe rede nettel & þe popi rote & myntes.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)122 : Þei cutten a litel þe ouerueste skyn of þe popie bolle.
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)123 : A plastre of popie leuys wole abate þe bolnynges of þe chekes.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)195/17 : Take the flowyr off popy, vyneger, and oyle off nottis.
- (1459) Invent.Fastolf(1) in Paston Letters (Add Charter 17247:Gairdner)3.170 : Item, ij basyns, the verges gilt with popy leves.
- (c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.9 (Hrl 2169)174 : Tomas Porthelyne beryth sylvyr a cheveron goulys, iij popye bolles of wert dessendaunte.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)242a/b : Of þe commune [poppy], som is whyte, and..sum is blak..blak popy is good..in medicynes.
- a1400 Alphita (SeldArch B.35)134/20 : Papauer nigrum crescit in agris et habet florem rubeum, unde fit diacodion; anglice, blakpopy.
- a1400 Alphita (SeldArch B.35)134/23 : Papauer rubeum habet florem rubedine et albedine commixtum. Gall. rougerole; anglice, redpopy.
- a1400 Mirfeld Sinonoma (Pmb-O 2)37 : Saliunca, wilde popi vel spica celtica.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)160b/b : Take..white popie, blake popie ana halfe a pounde, peti morel..stampe alle to gidere.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)197a/b : Þer ben þre maners þerof: wilde popy, þat comeþ not in medicynes; white popy, þat is colde & moiste; and black popye, þat is colde & drye & is mortificatif, but þe seed þerof is putte in medicynes.
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)427/25 : He haþ made heres blakke with..þat redenesse þat is in þe myddel of rede popye medlede wiþ oyle of myrtelles.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)191/27 : Papauard is an herbe þat men clepe wylde popy; þis herbe haȝt lewys lyk popy but..more quyt and it haȝt a quyt flour.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)230 : Tak burgenus of popeler..blak pope, & leues of mandrake, [etc.].
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)72a/b : R[ecipe] þe poudre of rose leues..þe seed of hennebane..opij teebaici, i. white popi.
- a1500 *Hrl.3388 Synon.Herbarum [OD col.] (Hrl 3388)lf.229 : Bleu popi..vel langwort..crescit inter frumentum et alia blada..dicitur iacintus quia assimilatur cuidam lapidi qui sic vocatur.
2.
Associated quotations
a
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)409 : Popy, weed..nigella..git.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)173/5 : Lolium is an herb þat men clepe cokkyl or popy or wyldsauagre.
b
- a1300 Hrl.978 Vocab.(Hrl 978)558/30 : Astula regia: popi.
3.
In surnames and place name [see Smith PNElem. 2.70].
Associated quotations
- (1177) in Pipe R.Soc.26131 : Radulfus Popicorn.
- (1262) EPNSoc.13 (War.)221 : Popihull.
- (1287-8) Leet R.Norwich in Seld.Soc.513 : Willelmi Popy.
- (1303-4) Acc.Chester in LCRS 5948 : Richard Poppey.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 1.(c)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. oil of poppy.