Middle English Dictionary Entry
plē n.
Entry Info
Forms | plē n. Also plei, plai & plaid, plede, pleidi, plait, plet(e; pl. plēs, plēes, etc. & plez, place. |
Etymology | OF plait, plet, plai. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Strife, contention, complaint; a debate, quarrel; also, fighting, battle; ~ and briges, contention and disputes; plees wrench, trickery of debate; areren ~, to launch an attack; holden ~ with, argue with (sb.), negotiate with; maken ~ to, complain to (sb.); (b) entreaty, pleading; also, a bargain, an offer; (c) ?a lamentable story; (d) in proverb.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)5 : Þat plait was stif & starc & strong.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)472 : He mot hine fulwel biþenche Þat is a ferd of plaites wrenche.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1737 : Fareþ riht to oþer dome An lateþ dom þis plaid to breke.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.58.4 : To plees [WB(2): chidyngis; L lites] & to stryues ȝee fasten & smyten with þe fist vnpitousli.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.451 : Ȝif þe pope hadde i-seie, 'ȝoure cherche haþ þis dignitees and þis,' hadde he assoyllede þe plee and þe stryf [Higd.(2): finischede that contencion; L absolvisset litigium].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)203a/b : If he [onyx] is y-bore aboute þe nekke oþer a fynger, he..multiplieþ plee and brigges [L multiplicat lites] and moeueþ þe herte to contencioun and stryf.
- a1400 Ancr.(Pep 2498)91/26 : Contencion..is stryf to ouercomene; þat on þencheþ, whan he haþ ouercomen & þat oþer is crauant & he Maister of þe ple [Corp-C: mot] & crieþ as champioun, þat he haþ ygeten þe place.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)2458 : Mark þe romayn and Antioche..arereden a newe playt [vr. teone].
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Heb.6.16 : For men sweren bi a grettere than hem silf, and the ende of al her ple [WB(1): controuersye, or debate; L controversiæ] is an ooth to confirmacioun.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)485 : So gentil ple [vr. plede] in love or other thyng Ne herde nevere no man me beforn.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)59/1 : Thorw summe of þe parischenys desyryng to make þe chapelys lych to þe parysch cherch..fel gret ple & gret heuynes be-twen þe Priowr..& þe forseyd paryschenys.
- a1450 St.Kath.(3) (Richardson 44)49 : What ys hit þat all plees and stryues crye bot takynge or wyth holdynge of mennes goodes?
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)366 : I wolde he make no pleet ne noyse to no man of his companye.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)651 : Thei hilde with hem no ple [F plait] ne wolde not stinte till thei com to the Emperous [read: Emperours] teinte.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)62/22 : Plee, debat, thefte, begylinges..ben badde, and by richesse arn caused.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ecclus.20.16 : To dai leeneþ a man & to morewe he askeþ it bi ple [L expetit], & hateful is such a maner man.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)365 : Yet shall I make to yow a feire plee: com with me to Bredigan where the kynge Arthur me abideth, and do hym homage..and I shall yelde yow the castell.
c
- ?a1440 Chaucer CT.ML.(Paris angl.39)B.66 : Play [Heng: In o book..Ther maystow seen..The pleinte of Dianire and of hermyon].
d
- a1425 Pees maketh (Trin-C R.3.22)95 : Pride makith plee; Plee makith pouert.
2.
Law (a) A legal conflict, case at law, lawsuit; legal proceedings, litigation, adjudication; legal debate, argumentation; (b) commune ples, court of common pleas; court of ~, ?civil court; dai of ~, day of argumentation; fals ~, unjust lawsuit; gret ~, a case concerned with freehold or prosecuted in the interest of the crown; litel ples, local civil cases; justices of ples, judges of cases; knouleche of ~, legal investigation, hearing of evidence; outgoinges of ples, profits from lawsuits; ~ personal, a personal (as opposed to real) action; ~ real, an action involving real estate or other real property; rolles of ~, records of lawsuits, court records; in ~, in debate, in litigation; thurgh ~, by argumentation; withouten ~, without adjudication; (c) bringen (drauen) into ~, callen in (into) ~, haven..to ~, maken ~ to, to bring suit against (sb.); putten in (into) ~, subject (sb. or sth.) to legal proceedings, implead; biginnen (drauen, driven) ~, initiate proceedings, bring suit; comen in ~, occur in legal proceedings; costen in ~, spend (sth.) on litigation; haunten ~, take part in lawsuits; meven a ~, start a suit; sitten in ~, occupy the bench, act as judge; stonden in ~, plead one's case in court; (d) a plaintiff's case, a charge or complaint; a suit to recover land, damages, etc.; also, an argument in a case; ~ ayenes, a charge against (sb.); forein ~, a suit which must be tried in a place other than that in which the defendant lives [see also forein 5. (a)]; ~ of dette, a suit to acquire money owed; ~ of lond, a suit to restore rightful possession of land; ~ of waste, a suit charging a tenant with damaging or failing to maintain property; maken ~ for, to argue for (a suit) in court; makinge of a ~, ?arguing for a charge in court; rehersen ples, state the charges or arguments in a case; (e) an answer to a charge, a defense, plea; dai of ~, day for answering charges; ~ of abatement, a plea to dismiss a case; holden ples, to present defenses.
Associated quotations
a
- [ (1275) Statutes Realm1.33 : Nul Ministre le Rey ne mainteingne..les plez..presentement de Eglise, dont plai ou contek seit en la court le Rey. ]
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)330/256 : Gret clerk was þis olde Man; he desputede wel faste A-ȝein þe þreo breþren with gret reson; þat playt [vr. þe plee] wel longue laste.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)82/28 : Þis wyt is onwyt ine þan þet byeþ zuo moche sotyl ine kuednesse to uynde, ine oþren to gyly and deceyui, oþer be playt oþer be strengþe oþer be barat.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.35 : Kyng in his rewme, knyȝt in bataile, iuge in plee [Higd.(2): his seete; L foro], bisshop in clergie.
- c1400(1389) Wycl.25 Art.(Dc 273)492 : If worldly covenantmakyng make þat he wille not do his office wiþouten worldely sikernes and worldly plee, charite and resoun of almes acorden not þerto.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)73b/a : A riȝtful loord be wey of riȝtful lawe makeþ ende of causes, plees [L lites], & strif þat beþ bytwene his subiectis.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)197a/b : Allectorie..makeþ a man..redy and connynge in plee [L facit..oratorem].
- (1414) RParl.4.59b : A Jugement late geven upon a ple of the same tenure.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4651 : In þe lawe ful depe he dide fele, For al his lust was be-set on plees [rime: Pallamydes].
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1254 : The domys and plees of the toun weren execut.
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)348 : Þei moven londis to bateilis and pesible persones to plete.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.56/28 : The kyngis mynystris..ofte bene present yn pleys, in quarellys, in sclawndrys, In Iugementis.
- (1430-31) RParl.4.376a : Alle Jugges..in the Courtes wher as any ple is or shal be hangyng, taken, or meved in which..bastardie is or shal be aleged, [etc.].
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)101 : The juge dremeth how his plees [vr. pleis; pledis] been sped.
- c1430 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/2)p.87 : Ȝyf he be assinyd or his ple be pletyd, al þat ple schal laste viij dayes for to he be as capyd.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)89 : Anticrist..meynteneþ most synne bi preuylegies, exempcions, & longe plees.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)27 : In every plee hanggyng a fore the ballyves of the same toun..owt takene in iij maner of plees.
- (1456) Deed Yks.in YASRS 3926 : Yf the saide John effectuelly mayntene all the seid accions and avowres to the ende of the plee therof.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.48/28 : Þe saide Abbot and couent..shall be quyte of..all pleis and oþer exaccions and quarels.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.52a : That the said John Myrfeld, Richard Ledys..appiere afore your Highnes..in their propre persones and so to appiere contynuelly the same plee duryng.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)653/31 : Danegelde and pleys and helpis and assises.
- a1500(c1410) Dives & P.(Htrn 270)1.306 : Whan þei mon nout han it be here gode wil..þey wil han it be ple & be maystrie.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)1 : Controuersies, pleys, & discordis Attween persones..Sought out the ground bi wittnessis of recordis.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)140/30 : This matir is comprised in foure maner of persoones in maner of moote or plee, forasmoche as it procedith by the maner of trauersing wourdis.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.333 : Þe firste day of plee [L die advocationis], Demoscenes pletede aȝenst hem.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.153 : Þe feeldes wiþ oute eny plee [L sine strepitu judicii] schulde falle to þe nexte of þe blood.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)1080 : Nou ich am þorw ple ouercomen so; Of whom and hou comeþ hit..Þat þou so baldeliche darst nymen þe Forte dispute aȝeynes me?
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.50 : Þe baylyues..sholde at þe ȝeres ende ȝelde vp here rolles of play and of þe Taraget to lygge in commune ward.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Prelates (Corp-C 296)61 : To spende..markis & poundes to meyntene a false plee of þe world & forbarre men of here riȝt.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)21 : The grete plees [F pletz] of the same toun that ben Portmannysmotes shuld bene pleted at alle dayes a fore the ballives..att which dayes the writtes of ryght and all othere writtes and plees that bene pleted by writtes of the kyng, and also the plees that touchen fre tenement, that ben pletable in the same toune with outen wryt, shuld ben pleted, oute takyne the pleyntes of fresshe abatement and of nusance.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)23 : The plees that ben pleted by wed and borughe, that arne cleped litel plees, be twixen folk sittyng and duellyng in the same toun, shulden be pleted by ij dayes in the weke.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)59/21 : So long þis mater was in ple þat it be-gan yrkyn hem on boþe sydes.
- (1444) RParl.5.112a : Many diverse Suitz be taken by divers persones, aswell in Ple ryall as in Ple personell.
- (1447-8) Shillingford76 draft : They have..ben seised of all maner jurisdiccion of alle maner plees reall and personellies.
- (1447-8) Shillingfordp.77 : Alle thyng done bytwene party and party tochyng plee reall, personell, or mixte.
- (1455) Lin.DDoc.81/10 : I..haue enfeoffed..Robert Danuers, oon of the Iustice of the common place, and other.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.86/13 : All owte-goynges of pleys þe which come forthe of them or of þere men shall be of þe same chanons.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.145/13 : Submittyng me to þe constreynyng and compellyng of Euery Jugge..withowte hurlyng of Juggement and knowlech of plee.
- (?1467) Paston (EETS)2.381 : Þer was a gret plee bytwene my lord of Suffolk and Ser John Fastolf for the maner of Drayton.
- (1472-3) RParl.6.38b : The said Thomas, by the Justices of Plees afore the Kyng to be holden assigned, to be comitted to warde unto the prisone of Newgate.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)23 : Prelats and prestis þeis daies in þe court of pleet..enfectun and warioun hem silf manifold.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)79 : It may not be known formably bi proue after þe court of plete.
- a1525(?1445) Cov.Leet Bk.224 : Ye shall well & truly contynue in propre persone euery courte day sessions of the peace and plee riales to be holden with-in the Cite of Couentre.
- a1525(?1452) Cov.Leet Bk.274 : Ye shall..contynue ouery Courte day Cessions of the pees, plee reale, to be holdon withe-in this Cite of Couentre.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)576 : Þe king wolde þat In his court þat plai scholde beon i-driue.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)601 : Ȝif ani plait [vr. play] to chapitle were i-drawe And ani man made ani apel..to þe bischop fram þe Ercedekne his apel [he] scholde make.
- a1325 SLeg.Becket (Corp-C 145)628/551 : Ȝif eny man of Holy Churche halt eny lay fe..he ssel..In plai [Ld: plaidingue] stonde in eche place and in iugement also.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)39/20 : Þe uerþe boȝ of auarice is acsynge..to þise zenne belongeþ al þet barat, alle ualshedes and alle gyles þet comeþ ine plait.
- ?c1350 Why werre (Peterh 104)p.31 : Attorneis..make men to bigynne ple That never had it thowȝt.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.173 : Þe iuge schulde sitte in plee forto deme.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)965 : To ple ichulle þis princes hauen, And þi rihte ichulle crauen.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ecclus.8.2 : Stryue thou not with a riche man, lest perauenture he make ple [WB(1): strif; L litem] aȝenward to thee.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Curates (Corp-C 296)146 : Þei haunten strif & plee.
- ?c1430(c1400) Wycl.Possessioners (Corp-C 296)123 : Þei..bosten of þousand markis..þat þei wolen coste in plee bi-fore þat þei lesen ony fote of lond.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)59/9 : Þe bulle was put in ple.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.60/9 : Þe saide Abbot and Couent had i-Drawe þem in-to plee afore Jugges of our lorde pope delegate.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)181/1 : Þe abbas of Godestowe..browht syre Reynolde fytz petur..in þe kynges court in-to ple.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)303/32 : William Fitz Petir called into plee Moolde Vpton, Abbesse of Godestowe.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)507/1 : There was I-meved a plee by a breef of the kyngis that is Icalled a Cessauit per biennium.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)644/13 : The forseyd churche be..vtturly restyd fro all exaccion or grevaunce of the archydiacon, as in hospitalites to be kepyd or chapeleyns to be callyd in plee or in othyr mynstyrsse of the same to be browht in-to plee.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)672/3 : They shold not [be] put into plee of ony of ther tenement.
d
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.2068 : Ther was with him non advocat To make ple for his astat.
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.46 : And wych meyre ne vndurfonge no playnte ne no play by hym ne pleydy of þinges þat toucheþ the rewle of þe town.
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.84 : Whanne þe heste is to don, þe furste somaunce on him be y-maked or he come to towne, ȝif hit ne be pley of lond by wryt.
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.88 : Off play of londe, þe seyȝte -- þat non wyþorawe [read: wyþdrawe] ȝef he ne toucheþ ryȝt.
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.90 : Of plee of dette..ȝif þat þe axkere bryngeþ skore oþer wryt..no day of answere be y-graunted by þe court..but þe defendaund graunteþ.
- c1432 Bishop Notes in PMLA 49 (Cmb Dd.14.2)453 : Þe wuch Abbot & chanon..had resceyuyd certeyn dedys, scrytis, menementis..makyng mencion þer of in record of a ple aȝeyns þis seyd Abbot Ideo, etc.
- (1433) RParl.4.447a : Diverse persones of..right disolute governance..have been..sworen in Enquestes, as well for felonies..as in assises and other plees of lond.
- (1436) RParl.4.501b : No Shirreve, Bailliff of Fraunchise, ne Coroner, in Actions or Writtes of atteint of Plee of Lond..empanell in noon Inquisition ne Enquest no persones but thoo enhabitauntz withynne his Baylie.
- (1436) RParl.4.502a : If eny of the seid Foreins Answers and Plees be tried and founden ageyn eny of the seid Defendantz, [etc.].
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)51 : Be it awarded that he or hee that hathe doon the wast be sommoned at the place wasted..to bene atte a certayn day before the ballyves in pleyne court to answeryn to the forseyd pleyntyff of plee of wast.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)133 : The same processe be holdyn and awarded in every plee of lond [F play de terre] aforn the ballives pleted with outyn writ.
- (1445) in Webb Rec.St.Barth1.500 : And for the said priour durst not abide the triell therof in London, where the said accion of dette was sued, he laid the same Reles to be made in the Shire of Surrey, because of which acquitannce so ymagyned and fourged and foreyn ple so pleted, the testator of youre said besecher was putte to greyte delays.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3665 : For his owne fawte..On beryn he hath surmysid, as previth by his ple.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)3858 : He comaundit..xxiiij Burgeysis in lawe best Ilerid, Rehersyng hem the plees & how Geffrey answerid.
- (1467) Acc.Howard in RC 57402 : Item, for a nother wrytte uppon his patent of lyvelode..Item, for makenge of a ple for the same.
- a1500 Discip.Cler.(Wor F.172)39 : Than the Right callid thaccusers and the accused and comaunded that thei shulden Reherse the plees.
- (a1500) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8559 : In all maner of playnttes..and also in pley of lande.
- c1613(1463-4) Plumpton Let.9 : Be the place of the detinue for a chalise shold be lent to you; also the writts were out.
e
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.3416 : That dai mai no consail availe; The pledour and the plee schal faile.
- (1433) ?Phillip Serm.GF (BodLTh d.1)251 : Et ideo in principio dixi quod þt hes woo was lyknyde to a ple of gret motynge and plenyng, sayand, 'der moder myn, to me is gret dole and pyne.'
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)41 : Also in plee of abatement [F play de abatement] that men clepyn fresshe force be vsed such proces.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)2.2457 : Off rethorik Tullius fond the flours, Ple and diffence off subtil oratours.
- (1448) Shillingford58 : If they [charges] be lawfully answered..the parties be stopped as yn a Courte of recorde by wey of plee.
- (1449) RParl.5.169a : Yf..eny of them plede any plee or plees in barr of the accyon or in abatemente of the bille..that all suche plee or plees stonde and be as voyde as no plee.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1891 : To-morowe þe day of plee it [read: is] set That ye mut nedis answere.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)4862 : I make ek an ordynavnce Lawes to be rad..To plete for hem & ples holde To-for myn owne Fader dere.