(a) The action of punishing, punishment; execution; (b) that which is imposed or suffered in punishment; a punishment for a fault, crime; etc.; ben in ~, to be punished; putten to peines, punish (sb.); (c) withouten (ani) ~, unpunished, exempt from punishment; (d) the punishment Christ suffered for mankind; (e) the punishment or vengeance of God; a punishment decreed or exacted by God; putten a ~, of God: to impose a punishment; (f) the vengeance of pagan deities.

(a) A fine, an amercement; ~ pecunier, pecunial ~, a monetary penalty; nimen ~, to exact penalty (from sb.); putten in a ~, impose a fine on (sb.); rennen in the ~, incur the penalty; incur a fine (of a given sum); reren ~, collect the fine; (b) a tribute, tax; setten ~ to, to exact tribute from (a country in a given sum); (c) remuneration for services rendered.

In phrases expressing legal or official penalties or threats: (a) in (on, under, up, upon) ~, under peines, etc., subject to a punishment or fine for disobedience; with inf. phr.: to (up) the ~, up (upon) ~, liable to a specified penalty or punishment; (b) ~ of, in (of, on, under, up, upon) ~ of, under penalty of (death, imprisonment, excommunication, damnation, etc.); in ~ of treisoun, upon ~ of felonie, under penalty of being charged with treason (a felony); (c) in (o, on, up, upon) ~ of, on pain of (loss of one's head, possessions, money, etc.); (d) ~ of, in (of, on, up) ~ of, up ~ (in, subject to a fine of (a sum of money or an amount of wax) in case of failure to do something, violation of a command, or misconduct on the part of someone for whom one has become surety; (e) ~ of, in (o, upon) ~ of, on penalty of losing (one's life); o (up) ~ of, subject to penalty for breach of (an oath or one's feudal allegiance); of (on) ~ of lif and lim, on ~ of lim and lif, etc.; (f) in asseverations: up ~ of deth, upon ~ of mi lif, etc.

(a) Physical torture inflicted upon someone in persecution, imprisonment, etc.; suffering endured in penance or mortification; an instance of physical torture; (b) dien in (the) ~, to die by torture; sleien with the ~, torture (sb.) to death; (c) sg. & pl. the pains or agony suffered by Christ; Christ's Passion; also fig.; (d) in oaths and asseverations: bi godes ~, for cristes ~, etc.; (e) ~ takinge, repentance or penance.

(a) The punishment or suffering that souls endure after death, in purgatory or hell, at the gate of paradise, etc.; pain of eternal damnation; also, an instance or form of such torment; (b) everlasting (perpetuel) ~, everlasting (incurable, perdurable) peines, ~ everlasting (withouten ende), peines perpetuel; peines pit, hell; devel of ~, princes of peines, a devil; putten in peines plough, to force (sb.) to suffer the pains of hell; (c) peine(s of helle (purgatorie), ~ in helle; helle ~ [see helle 2. (c)]; (d) one of the variously specified pains of hell; also, one of the seven pains of purgatory; (e) ?the torment of hell as embodied in a liquid; (f) the pain that pagans believe the wicked suffer before arrival at the place of bliss; helle (helli) peines, the torments of the classical underworld.

(a) Physical pain in bodily parts or organs, wounds, illness, etc.; the sensation of physical pain; also, an experience or a feeling of physical pain or suffering; for ~, because of pain; ~ in the hed, headache; peines in teth, ~ of teth, toothache, etc.; (b) sg. & pl. the agony or throes of death; ~ of deth; putten in ~, to subject (sb.) to the pain of death; ~ worthi, deserving of the pain of death; (c) the pain of giving birth; ~ of childinge; pl. peines, labor pains; (d) sickness; an illness; (e) pl. a disease in the feet of horses; (f) physical discomfort; an experience of physical discomfort; pl. fatigue [quot.: RRose1st]; (g) ?spiritual weakness or fault.

(a) Mental or emotional suffering, grief, distress, anxiety; ~ and wo, wo and ~; ~ gendringe, distressing; (b) anguish as expressed or reflected in someone's countenance or demeanor; (c) a source or cause of unhappiness; an annoyance, a distressing experience; (d) the pain of love; a feeling of love's pain; also, one who causes love's pain; (e) spiritual anguish or suffering; ~ of harm, the spiritual pain of the limbus infantium.

(a) Misfortune, adversity, trouble, hardship; danger; perils; also, a hardship, a danger, a wretched condition or circumstance; putten to ~, to cause (sb.) trouble; (b) sg. & pl. the trials and tribulations of life; (c) a disadvantage or handicap; (d) the source of trouble or woe.

(a) Exertion, effort; an endeavor or undertaking; for ~, in return for (one's) efforts; (b) difficulty; a difficult undertaking or experience; hit is ~, it is a difficulty, it is difficult (to do sth.); haven ~, to have difficulty, find it difficult (to do sth.); (c) don ~, maken a gret ~, to do (one's) utmost; --sometimes with if- or that- clause; don mi ~ and might, do all I can (for sth.); setten ~ in, strive toward (a goal); (d) don (poten, putten, putten in) ~, setten ~, taken ~, to strive (to do sth.); with possessive pronoun: don (al) ~, putten (werken) al ~, putten to ~, try (one's) best (to do sth.); (e) setten litel ~, to make little effort (to do sth.); taken ~ upon him, taken him-self ~, make the effort, exert himself; taken ~ of, exert oneself in (work); (f) with ~, with difficulty, scarcely; of gret ~, with al (gret, muche, muchel) ~, with great effort, barely; with al his (mi) ~, with all his (my) might; with al ~ and bisiness (might), with al might and ~, etc., with (one's) utmost effort and power; withouten (ani) ~, without (any) effort, easily; withouten peni or ~, without expense or labor, freely; (g) a force; (h) care, attentiveness; bisi ~.

In proverbs and sayings.