Middle English Dictionary Entry
pā̆ste n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | pā̆ste n.(1) Also past, paiste, (?Latinate) pasti. |
Etymology | OF paste & L pasta. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Dough for the making of bread or pastry; also fig.; also, dough for making horse feed [quot.: *Bk.Marchalsi]; due ~, dough of correct composition; swete ~, unleavened dough; (b) pastry or bread; also fig.; ?also, porridge or gruel [quot.: *Medulla]; ~ roial (real), some sort of sweet pastry; (c) a pie, a pastry; (d) ~ bord, a dough board; ~ hous, a room for making pastry; ~ makere, a maker of pastry; ~ man, one who makes or sells pastry; crampaste, q.v.; (e) as surname.
Associated quotations
a
- 1381 Pegge Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)p.121 : Make a thynne Paast of Dow and make therof as it were ryngis; tak and fry hem in oyle de Olyve.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.447 : Cheste..spekth al that he wot..His is the levein of the bred Which soureth all the past aboute.
- (1396) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)6.116 : [In the bakehouse:..3] covertures [for] past.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)97b/a : Past [L pasta] in an oven is dryed by fure.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)226b/a : Sour dowe hatte fermentum, for it makeþ paste ferment.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)226b/b : Past ymade oonly of mele and of water hatte zima, as it were sine zima, wiþoute sourdowe.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.30 : Take flour of payndemayn and make þerof past with water.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)274/20 : He schal ete no swete breed, & al maner mete þat is maad of swete past [L pasta azima].
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)186/2 : Knowe not ȝe þat a litel sour dow makeþ sour muche swete past?
- (1411) Doc.Finchale in Sur.Soc.6p.clvii : j trow pro past novum et j trow antiquum.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.286 : Sour-dow, whan it is old, rotiþ and fouliþ oþer past.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)47 : Brayyn, as baxters her pastys: Pinso.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)128 : Dowe, paste for brede: Pasta.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)279 : Knedyn paste: Pinso, pistrio.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)385 : Paste of dowe: Pasta.
- c1450 *Bk.Marchalsi (Hrl 6398)10a : Þe whete, wan þat it is boylyd and dreyid, medle it wyt mele, and make þarof past, and do bake it.
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)74 : Cover the coffyn with a lyd of þe same paste.
- c1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(2) (Hrl 4016)75 : Make a large coffyn of faire paste.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)53 : Tak pouder of pepper and canelle..meld it well with the fische, then close it up in the foile or paiste and bak it.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)58 : Make a paiste of pured flour knodden with faire water, sugur, saffron, and salt.
- a1525(?1421) Cov.Leet Bk.29 : Þat no Straunger sell bred within this Cite, but hit be furst brought to the Geylhall dore, & ouerseen by the maiour that hit haue lawfull wyghtȝ & due paaste.
b
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2763 : Capouns y-bake al-so tok he..& iij pecokkes y-bake on past.
- (1389-90) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.103596 : In 3 Coffins de pastreall.
- (1391) Acc.Exped.Der.in Camd.n.s.5219/10 : Pro iij lb. pasti real..iij s. vj d.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.620 : There is yit on of such diete To which no povere mai atteigne; For al is Past of paindemeine And sondri wyn and sondri drinke.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.250 : Þanne wolde I be prest to peple paste for to make, And buxome and busy aboute bred and drynke.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.28 : I shal purueye þe paste..And floure to fede folke with.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)59/26 : Make we vs myry in þis goostli food..in þe faire pure paast of clennes & of trouþe.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)7048 : He wole do come in haste Roovenysoun bake in paste.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)50b/b : Polenta: floure or past.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)455 : Take..a half pounde of past roiale.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)1418 : Sythen scho broght in haste Plouerrs powdird in paste.
- (1452) Feast Neville(1) (Tit B.11)88 : Secundus..Fryed mete in past.
- a1500(?a1410) Lydg.CB (Lnsd 699)151 : Yiff I be rostid othir bake in past, Thou shalt of me haue a ful small repast.
c
- c1425 Chaucer CT.Co.(Petw 7)A.4346 : For mony a paast hast þou laten blood.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)773 : Þo lydes vp-rered or he fyr go, Þe past or pye he sayes with-inne.
d
- (1288-9) Leet R.Norwich in Seld.Soc.528 : Johanne le Pastemakere..vendidit Carnes quas Judei vocant trefa.
- (1290-1) Leet R.Norwich in Seld.Soc.539 : De Galfrido le Pasteman..xij d.
- (1311) Let.Bk.Lond.D (Gldh LetBk D)267 : Gregory le Pastemakere.
- (1322) Pat.R.Edw.II170 : John le Pastmaker.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)48a/a : Pastinata: a paste makere.
- (1452) Will York in Sur.Soc.45136 : j pasteburde, viij d.
- (1471-2) Acc.R.Dur.in Sur.Soc.9994 : Pro nova construccione unius Pastehouse juxta ostium coquine.
e
- (1202) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.15194 : Henricus Paste.
- (1210) CRR(2) 688 : Gillebertus Paste.
- (1258) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)1.581 : Robert Paste.
- -?-(1166) Red Bk.Exch.in RS 99349 : Erkebaldus Paste.
2.
The dough for Communion bread or the bread itself; also, bread or a wafer of bread for Jewish religious uses.
Associated quotations
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)10097 : Þe paste of þe vble nat ne ogh Be made of any maner of soure dogh.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)10121 : Þe paste to þe vble..Shal..be..Alle onely of wete.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ex.29.23 : Thou schalt take a tendur cake of o loof spreynd with oile, paast sodun in watir and after fried in oile.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)1 Par.23.29 : Preestis schulen be ouer the looues of proposicioun..and to the pastis sodun in watir [WB(1): thynne kakis].
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)94 : Bonefas the III..ordeyned white past for the Sacrament.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)5448 : Charyte..gan hyr past to make.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)5479 : Charyte..hyr be-souhte To tempre the past.
3.
Food; a meal.
Associated quotations
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.236 : Wiþ swyn of acornes made þei þaire past [L glande pabula uerterant].
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking in Studia Neoph.16 (Hrl 2340)11 : He woll come thider to his paste eche day.
- a1500 Travel Instruc.(CotApp 8)278 : Or men herberowe, men moste be atte certein for hey and provender as well as for their one paste.
4.
As a medicinal preparation: (a) bread or dough to be eaten, or mixed with liquid and drunk; (b) a dough to be applied locally, a plaster; also, a dough to be baked and then applied locally; (c) dough used as a plaster to seal a leather layer over the skin of a horse as protection from hot medicines used in treating warts.
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1425 Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)388/18 : Putte ham in a paste [*Ch.(1): pasteþ; L pastillo] with poudre of gynger, of coriandre, and of saffran.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)170/24 : Tak þe mele of þis lyppyne and þe jous of wyrmwod and make a past and bake it and ete it.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)246/14 : For to make a man fat and grete..make paste with wete-flowur and þis pouder and of þe juce of affodyll and bake yt in a ovyn and ete þer-of ofte tymys.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)122/16 : Make xiii cofynis of good fyn paste..and putte hem in an erþen potte with a galounn..of good ale, and ȝif þe seke þerof to drynkyn.
b
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)90a/b : Be it cautarized wiþ rounde claualez cauteriez..as seiþ Alcotaym, or wiþ past as Jesus.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)97a/a : If forsoþ þe bone be contaminate And any eminence appere aboue it, Rogerine counsaileþ þat þe circumferencez defended wiþ som past or cered cloþ.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)55/21 : Þan sethe thies thre to-gedir to þay wax thikke als paste; Sythen caste þat paste in a clene canvace &..Lay it on þe malady.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)91/20 : Take flowr of rye and þe jous of walwort, and make þer-of a good thykke past; and of þat past make cakys, and bake hem in emeris, and ley on to þe gowte of hem.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)24a/15 : Þou shalt make a past [L pultes] of x partes of water and of oyle and flour of whet and ley it vpon þe postume.
- a1500 *Lanfranc CP (Wel 397)30b/1 : Lay a past made with the Iuse of smaleache and hony and flour of whet till it be clensyd.
c
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)111/343 : Take a gobet of leþer & make a rownde hole in þe myddel..aftur quantite of þe fyke so þat it be fast sittynge bi-twexst þe fyke & þe hol skyn; & take towȝ cley or past of smal floure & cramme it riȝt wel so þat þe hole skyn be not I-hurte with eny hot þyng þat schal be y-layd þer-to.
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)113/380 : Do past or cleye þerupon al aboute as ytold bi-fore; caste scaldynge hot hony euene þer-upon.
5.
(a) A dough or paste used as a sealant, an adhesive, or a casing in which to cook medicinal substances; (b) in dyeing or painting: the chalky medium of a pigment.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)278/14 : Take a litil hare..& do him in an erþen vessel..& stoppe it faste..wiþ good lute or wiþ past.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)200 : Gluynge Matere, as paste or oþer lyke þat gluythe ij thyngys to-geder: Gluten.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)31/6 : Fylle a potte of drestys of good ale..and stoppe it well abowyn with paste.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)31/9 : Putte hem in a lymbyke and stoppe it faste wyth good paste.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)124a/b : R[ecipe] calx vi. & uitri. & malaxe hem togidere þat þei be oon body, & putte þis in an ouene & bake it in paste, & whanne it is bake do awey þe breed & make þerof poudre.
b
- (1390-91) Leet R.Norwich in Seld.Soc.570 : Johannes Wake, lyster, assuetus est iactare cineres, paste, et alia..in Regia Ripa.
- (a1475) Recipe Painting(2) in Archaeol.J.1 (Sln 73)155 : For to make fyn azure withoute past.
6.
(a) In descriptions of the thickness or hardness of substances; thik (sad, neshe) as ~; (b) in ~, in the form of dough.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)110b/a : When þis medicyne is made liche paste, adde þerto þes þingis.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)151a/b : Encorpere hem wiþ whyte lede to þat þeie be as þicke as paste and mynyster it.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)164a/a : Seþe hem to þei be þicke as paste & leie þis pultes to luke warme.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)171a/a : He was wunte to adden as moche litarge þer to as myȝte ben encorperde þer wiþ to þat it was as sadde as paste.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)172b/b : Þe more sadde þat þe corrosiue is in substaunce as in gobet oþer paste..þe more strongelie it worcheþ & dwelleþ þe longer on þe place.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)175b/b : But lye þat surgiens vsen is made of two parties of calce viue & 4 parties of þe asschen of þe steles of benes pouderde & made wiþ scalding water as harde paste troden in a potte bodumme fulle of holes.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)90/11 : Al þise..be wele medled with þe blode in maner of a paste.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)142 : Take piled garleke and ryen mele or barly mele and bray hem to gedre in good vynegre til hit be þicke as past.
- (a1475) Recipe Painting(2) in Archaeol.J.1 (Sln 73)155 : With tho tweye materes boyle wel thi glas, and thi glas schal bycome nesche as past.
b
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)177b/b : Þer be þre þingis þat helpen to þe generacioun of ane escare; þe first is ȝif þe corrosiue be leide in a gobet, oþer in pouder oþer paste.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. paste.