Middle English Dictionary Entry
oxe n.
Entry Info
Forms | oxe n. Also ox, oxhe, hox, nox, ocxe, occe & (in names) oxs-, oxo-, ex-. Forms: sg. gen. oxes, oxsis, (error) oysis; pl. oxen(e, oxon(e, oxne, oxsen, oxsin, ocsen, oksen & oxnen & exen, exon & oxes. |
Etymology | OE oxa; infl. oxan; (Nhb. sg. gen.) oxes; pl. oxan, exen; pl. gen. ox(e)na. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) An ox; (b) ~ and asse, etc.; forwe ~, ?an ox that walks in or near the previous furrow to align the one being plowed; plough ~, an ox of a plow-team, ploued ~, an ox that has plowed the land; (c) drove of oxen, a herd of oxen; plough (tem) of oxen, a team of oxen; yoke of oxen, a pair of oxen; (d) an aurochs; wild ~; (e) ?cattle; (f) a representation of an ox in a coat of arms.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1236 : Oxe chewweþþ þær he gaþ Hiss cude.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15881 : He brohte ham halue his oxen.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)195 : He strepte of him..seuen þusend shep and þrie þusend oluontes and half hundre giokes of ocsen.
- c1300 SLeg.Jas.(LdMisc 108)169 : Gothþ..ope þulke hulle, finde ȝe mowen þere Oxene and Bolen.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1969 : Lo! þis clerkes what lif hi wolleþ drye..þulke stal an oxe.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3362 : Lyk a beest hym semed for to be And eet hey as an oxe.
- (1381) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.4 : John Remmesbury..hath deliuered to william Hunte..xvii oxen wiþ þe bole, also iv kyn.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.41.2 : Pharao..trowide hym to stonden vpon a flode of þe which steyden vp seuen faire oxen [WB(2): kiyn; L boves].
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)1 Kings 11.7 : Takynge-to eyþer oxe [L bovem], he heewz in to gobetis.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)3 Kings 1.25 : He..offride oxen [WB(2): oxis; L boves].
- (1383) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)4.128 : [8] oxsen [worth 4 £].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4187 : Oon of hem was logged in a stalle Fer in a yeerd with oxen of the plow.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.354 : If cow or calf or sheep or oxe swelle..Taak water of that welle and wassh his tonge.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1835 : He tok a plowh..Wherinne anon in stede of Oxes He let do yoken grete foxes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)273a/a : After þe geldynge þe oxe encresseþ in body and in hornes.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6743,6745 : Qua stelis scep, or ox, or cu..Oxen fiue for an he pai.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.459 : Þe cow þorw kynde mylke þe calf norissheth til an oxe.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)107/12 : On schrewede, untame oxe, þat is a þrustere, or an untame, insolent cow mai greue alle his felawes and lette fro goode telþe al þe hole plow.
- (a1425) Stonor1.40 : For ij swannes..iij capones..halffe a hox.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)79b : Yf a nox be seke with in him, a-none yf him the water to drynke that þis erbe lay in.
- (1429) Will York in Sur.Soc.4417 : The will of John..is..to gyfe..to..Thomas..all his shepe, ij ky, and ane ox.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)203 : Of eche carcays of beeff, as of oxe, kowe, bullok, and hefker, bought with ynne the toun, for the carcays ob.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.5350 : Hercules..aparceyued his oxes were away.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.510 : A fir..wol thin exon mende.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)109/5 : In that yle among tho ieauntis arn shep as meche as oxsyn ben here.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4744 : He noys as a nowte, as a nox, quen he lawes.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)437/23 : Þis kyng Avidus..was furste þat evur garte tame oxen & lern þaim to draw.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.27/14 : I..yefe and graunt..to þe church..in all my maners pasture for þere owne oxon & þere shepe.
- (1468-9) Stonor1.101 : For the showyng of xij oxyne, v s.
- c1475 Body Pol.(Cmb Kk.1.5)191/22 : The handes that gouerned the cowpled oxen in the ploughe toke upon [them] for to gouerne the ploughe of batailles.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)20a : A Buys for A nox: boȝetum.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)23/6 : As men of þe contrey ȝeden at þe plogh, exen speken to the plogh-men.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)7/5 : Take..an vnce of þe galle of a bole oþer elles of an hox.
b
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)19/12 : Gederið in ower heorte alle seke & sarie..summe in ase muche þeowdom as oxe [Cleo: oxnen] is oðer asse.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)120/145 : Þe oxe and asse in hare manyour..makede ioye in hare manere.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 13.15 : Wher ech of ȝou vntyeth not in the saboth his oxe ethir asse, fro the stable?
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1162 : This Signe..hath of his proprete A Monthe, which of duete After the sesoun that befalleth The Plowed Oxe in wynter stalleth.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11272 : Þe child..Lai in crib tuix ox and ass.
- ?a1400 Mayde and moder glade (Yale Osborn a.1)p.30 : Josep w[a]s a feble noursce, Is so[ne] bytocke ocxe and asse.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)34/2 : Crist ches to be bore..in a comyn stable bifore þe oxe and þe asse.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)104/22 : Crist as a forwe oxe, draweþ wiþ us undur þe same ȝok and coupleþ us togadere.
- c1450(c1415) Roy.Serm.(Roy 18.B.23)171/3 : He..shewed hym-selfe..as a pore childe bonden in a cribbe be-twix a nox and a nasse.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)208/5 : Dame Elene grauntith..to the forsaid Abbesse..pasture to her owne viij plough oxen.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)57/175 : Thi neyborys hous desyre þou nowth..Oxe nere Asse þat he hath bought.
c
- c1300 SLeg.Lucy (LdMisc 108)133 : Strongue temene he liet fette of Oxene mani on.
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)767 : Vn route de boefs: A drofe of oxone.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.513 : For vche yok of exon in thi plough, Eighte foote in brede & goodly lenght outtrie.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)14118 : He had in hyllys and daylys depe fyfty yoke of oxyn in ylkon two.
- c1450 Terms Assoc.(2) (Cmb Ll.1.18)232 : A teeme off oxon.
- a1500(c1445) Lydg.Mir.Edmund (Ashm 46)37 : A droof of oxes cam fforby ther presence Passyng the bregge.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)41 : The iiij chapitur tellithe wheder a ploughe off oxon or a ploughe off hors may tyll more land a yere.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)273b/b : In Germania beþ wilde open [read: oxen; L boues agrestes] wiþ so longe hornes þat þe kynges bord is yserued with drynke þerof..Thise oxen [L boues] haten all þing þat is reed, and þerfore hunters cloþiþ hem in reed to make þese oxen pursue hem.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)301b/a : Herof loke bifore in litera B. de boue et bubalo, þat is, a wilde oxe.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Deut.14.5 : This is a beeste which ȝe schulen ete: an oxe and a scheep..a wielde oxe [WB(1): bugle; L bubalum].
e
- c1175 Stw.57 Gloss.(Stw 57)411 : Bos: Net, s. aut oxe, i. bof, aut Qu, i. uace, que cum latine uacea dicitur.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Luke 17.7 : Who of ȝou hauynge a seruaunt eringe, other lesewynge oxun [WB(2): oxis], which seith to him, turnyd aȝen fro the feeld, 'Anoon go, and sitte to mete'?
f
- (1445-6) in Hope Gram.Heraldry100 : Sylver, iij oxen sabull armyd with gooldys, a cheveryn of the same.
1b.
(a) In proverbs and sayings; (b) in asseveration.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)108/13 : Nis he fol chapmon þe hwen he wule buggen hors oðer oxe ȝef he nule bihalden bute þet heaued ane?
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.16 : Betere is on ey wiþ heste, Þen on oxe wiþ cheste.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)243/10 : Moche uolk of religion zetteþ þe zuolȝ be-uore þe oksen..more zecheþ þe timliche þinges and doþ beuore þet ssolde by behynde.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.25.5 : Þou shalt not bynde þe mouþe of þe oxe tredynge þy frutees in þe floor.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.9.9 : Or I aloone and Barnabas han not power for to worche thes thingis?..Who plauntith a vyneȝerd and etith not of his fruyt?..it is writun in the lawe of Moyses, Thou schalt not bynde the mouth of the oxe threischinge.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Tim.5.18 : The scripture seith, Thou schalt not bridele the mouth to [vr. of] the oxe threischinge.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.887 : I haue..a large feeld to ere And wayke been the oxen in my plough.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.86 : Thogh it be noght the houndes kinde To ete chaf, yit wol he werne An Oxe which comth to the berne, Therof to taken eny fode.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.2161 : The hert which fre goth on the launde, Not of an Oxe what him eileth.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.296 : He moste..with thise bolys fiȝt, And hem venquysche..And make hem humble as any oxe in stalle.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2928 : Wery, feint, & waike I-now Be þe bestes & oxes of my plow, Þe longe day ageyn þe hil to wende.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1469 : Diane..with a boor as gret as ox in stalle..made up frete hire corn.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)1 Cor.9.9 : Þou schalt not bynde to þe mouth of þe oxe plowande; þat is, þou schalt not forbede þe prechour to lyfe of þe ewangelye.
- c1450 Mandev.(4) (CovCRO Acc.325/1)2432 : When a boore is þere fulle woxe He is as grete as is an oxe.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3159 : Yet nolde I, for the oxen in my plough, Take vpon me moore than ynough As demen of my self that I were oon.
2.
(a) One of the four beasts of the Apocalypse; also, an epithet for an angel or any one of the four evangelists; (b) pl. the bulls guarding the ram with the golden fleece.
Associated quotations
a
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.33 : Þe first beest semed a lyoun, And þat oþer an Oxe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)13b/b : Aungels..beþ I-clepid oxen for an oxe ereþ þe lond and makeþ abil to bere fruyt, so aungelis makeþ men soules abil to fonge greynes of vertues.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.257 : Grace gaue Piers a teme foure gret oxen; Þat on was Luke..And marke, & mathew..And..Iohan.
- a1450 Dc.291 Lapid.(Dc 291)p.25 : The forseid beest þat diggeth þe erthe to hyde his stone signifieth the oxes of Ihesu Xrist þat his lande kepen & eryen & wynnen be holy predicacoun.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.323 : He most..sowe hem in the silf place Where the oxes herid hadde aforn.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)568 : Wo shuld pas out of perell fro þo proude exin, Þat with flamys of fyre han so furse hete?
3.
In cpds. and combs.: (a) ~ balse = guibalse; (b) ~ bos, a stall for an ox; oxe(n hous, ~ shipene, a shed for oxen; ~ leswe (pasture), a pasture for oxen; ~ lond, a place where a cow was found; also, an area of land that can be worked with one ox [cp. ox-gang(e]; (c) ~ boue, the bow-shaped wood piece that goes round the neck of a yoked ox; ~ calf [cp. OE oxan cealf], a bull calf; ~ feire, an ox market; (d) ~ flesh, beef; ~ fot, the foot of an ox; ~ galle, the gall bladder of an ox; oxes galle, the bile of the ox, used medicinally; ~ hide (skin), an oxhide; ~ lether, oxhide; oxe(n horn [cp. OE oxan horn], a horn of an ox; also, an instrument made of such used in the hunt; ~ liver, the liver of an ox; ~ mouth, the mouth of an ox; oxen nekkes, the necks of oxen; ~ tail [cp. OE oxan tægl], the tail of an ox prepared as food; ~ talwe, beef fat; ~ tord, a turd of an ox; ~ urine, the urine of oxen or bulls; oxen wombe, the stomach of an ox; (e) ~ harwe, an ox-drawn harrow; ~ keper, one who tends oxen; ~ sleer, one who slaughters oxen; ~ peni, a customary rent paid for the pasturage of oxen.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)26/16 : Þe liquour þat distilles oute of þe braunches calle þai Oxbalse [Man.(1): Guybalse], þat es at say, opobalsamum.
b
- (1347) in Löfvenberg Contrib.Lex.95 : [An old ruinous hous called] le Oxeshepene.
- (1367) in Löfvenberg Contrib.Lex.95 : [The house called] Oxeschipene.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Is.7.25 : It shal ben in to oxe leswe [WB(2): lesewe of oxen; L pascua bovis] & in treding of feld beste.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.197 : Beotia, oxe-lond, haþ þe name of bos, þat is an oxe.
- (1388) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)5.55 : [A pasture called] oxpasture [is worth 13 s. 4 d. yearly].
- c1410(a1387) Legal Gloss.Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)97 : Danegeld..was þre pans of eueriche bouata terræ, þat is, of eueriche oxeland.
- (1433) Fabric R.Yk.Min.in Sur.Soc.3554 : In oxbose de lignis facto empto in domo Joh. Hovyngham, 6 s. 8 d.
- (1446) Invent.Lytham in Chet.n.s.6080 : In le Oxinhous for le seruands iiij Shetes for ij beddes.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)318/11 : In the which mese is I-conteyned: j halle..j kechyn..j oxe-hous for oxen; j cowhous for kyne, [etc.].
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)90b : A Oxpasture: Bouarium.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)727/2 : Bostare: a noxhows.
c
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Arun 220)p.169 : Les arsons [glossed:] oxe-bowes [vrr. yocbowen, yokis].
- (1349) Invent.Monk-Wear.in Sur.Soc.29151 : In oxbowes et gaddis e., v d. ob.
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)859 : Iugo et arsoun: Ȝok and oxebowe.
- (1432) *Acc.Grantchester : Item, In Oxe bowys bowt for youre plowys, ij d.
- (1446) Invent.Lytham in Chet.n.s.6080 : v oxbowes, j crok of salt, vij ares, j sayleherd wyth ye ropes.
- a1450 *Trev.Barth.[OD col.] (BodeMus 16)288/2 : Oxe calfe [Add 301b/a: The Calf hatte vitulus..whanne he is y-calued..haþ a certeyn blak spekke in þe forhede].
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)90b : Oxbowe: Arquillus, Columbar..A Oxfayre: Bouilla, est locus vbi boues venduntur.
d
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)304 : Homme curreie quere de boef: M. tawith an oxe-hyde.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)2 Kings 6.19 : He partide to..eche-one oon kake of breed & oon rostid gobet of oxeflesch.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)259b/b : An oxe foot is ful harde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)273a/a : Oxe hornes ben more and þikkere þan bole hornes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)273a/b : Hunters vseþ oxe hornes to fere wylde bestis and to comforte houndes.
- (a1399) Oath Bk.Colchester8 : An Oxhyde, j d.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)76/17 : Norischaunt metis..myȝte make a..strong repeirement of þe boon..as..potage..wiþ þe extremytees of beestis feet & swyne groynes & oxen wombe weel soden.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)10a/a : Birsa: ox leþer or harde þeþer barked.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)75b : Seywhite..with oxys gall a-noynted..helith black wennys.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)65b/b : A mannes lyuer is liche to ane oxe lyuer.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)132/24 : Þe griffoun..has nailes apon his fete als grete and als lang as þai ware oxen hornes.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.950 : Oil dregge and oxe vryne [L vrina bubula].. Let mynge.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)2.13 : At the weendyng slake T[h]e yook, thyn oxon nekkis forto cole.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)12.132 : Yf wormys vnrest Hem..on hem be kest..ox talgh with the thridde part aysel.
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)99/2 : The naylis of hese feet aryn as meche as oxsis hornys.
- a1450 WBible(2) (Corp-C 147)Deut.25.4 : Oxe mouth [Corp-O: Thou schalt not bynde the mouth of the oxe tredynge thi fruytis in the corn floor].
- (?a1450) Doc.in Dugdale Monasticon 1443 : She must be charged with all the ox-skeynes that she selleth.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)124/10 : Take a pound of comyn and..an oxe-galle, and boyle hem to-gedir.
- (1463) Acc.Howard in RC 57192 : Rechard Felaw schall answere my mastyr ffor every bolokys hyde, and netys hyde, and oxhe hyde, ij s. vij d.
- (1474) Let.Bk.Lond.L (Gldh LetBk L)117 : Item, iiij Oxe hydes, ij d.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)107/225 : I haue here..sothen and rost, Euen of an ox tayll..A good py.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)34/12 : Ley aboue an ox-tord in þe maner of a playstre.
e
- (a1400) Cust.Rent in OSSLH 277 : Oxpeni.
- c1400 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Hrl 490:Koch)p.70 : Bovers [glossed:] oxkepar [vr. oxherd].
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)10b/a : Bouicida: an ox sleer.
- (1465) Doc.Finchale in Sur.Soc.6p.ccxcix : Husbandria apud Fynkhall..ij oxharow cum xxvj tyndz, ij horsharowys.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)265 : An Oxe slaer; bovicida.
4.
(a) In plant names: oxe(s eie [cp. OE oxan ēage], the plant Chrysanthemum leucanthemum; ?also, a plant of the genus Buphthalmum; ~ slippe [cp. OE oxan slyppe], the common oxslip (Primula elatiar); also, a natural hybrid between the English cowslip Primula veris and primrose Primula vulgaris; (b) oxen eie, the great titmouse Parus major.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400 Alphita (SeldArch B.35)24/21 : Butalmon uel butalmos oculus bouis: oxie.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)197a/a : Oculus bouis, Oxes yȝe.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)188/26 : Oculus bouis is an herbe þat men clepe oxeye.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)62/10 : For to make grene tret..Take bugle, pygle..oxey, [etc.].
- a1500 Agnus Castus (LdMisc 553)198/45 : Primula uerus is an herbe þat me clepuþ oxeslippe. Þis herbe hath leues lich to coweslippe and he haþ a white flour.
b
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)7 : The seconde course..wodcok, plouer..Oxene.
5.
(a) In surnames; (b) in place names [see Smith PNElem. 2.57].
Associated quotations
a
- (1200-01) Pipe R.Lan132 : Hugo de Oxeclive.
- (1202) Feet Fines Yks.in Sur.Soc.9450 : willelmi Oxefot.
- (1254) R.Knight's Fees in Archaeol.Cant.12234 : Willelmus Oxe.
- (1289) Chester R.in Chet.n.s.84143 : Richard le Oxeman.
- (1310) Pat.R.Edw.II309 : Richard Oxe.
- (1327) Name in LuSE 35228 : Oxheued.
- (1327) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10140 : Johne de Exfold.
- -?-(1351) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.9642 : Johannes de Oxholme, armorer.
- (1351-2) Freeman R.in KRec.18205 : Thomas Oxenforde.
b
- (c1190) EPNSoc.23 (Oxf.)19 : Ocsenford.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13097 : Þa cleopede he eorles tweie..Þæ an wes of Chartres and hehte Gerin..þe oðer hehte Beof of Oxene-uord.
- c1230 Ancr.(Corp-C 402)130/20 : Euch is wiðward oþer in an manere of liflade as þah ȝe weren an cuuent of lundene & of oxnefort.
- (1287) EPNSoc.39 (Glo.)61 : Oxynton.
- (1291) in Bowcock PNShrop.180 : Oxnebold.
- (1313) EPNSoc.17 (Not.)173 : Oxston.
- (1382) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.154 : Oxenhale.
- (1388) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)5.132 : [Divers parcels of pasture..namely..] Oxoleforlyng.
- (1397) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)6.148 : [Pasture for oxen, cows..on] le Doune [called] Oxenlese [worth 18 s.].
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)90b : Oxforde [Monson: Oxenforthe]: oxonia.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1525 BodEMus.52 Artist.Recipes (BodEMus 52) 190/12 : Take þe bledder of an hogge or of a schepe or of a noxe þat is newe slayn.
Note: Postdates sense 1.(a). New spelling (noxe).