Middle English Dictionary Entry
avoiden v.
Entry Info
Forms | avoiden v. Also awoiden, evoiden. |
Etymology | Prob. AF; cp. CF esvuidier. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. voiden.
1.
(a) To empty (a place), clear (of people); to empty (sb.); fig. to rid (the heart of sadness); ~ of; (b) med. to cleanse (the body of rotten humors, etc.); ~ fro, ~ of; to evacuate (the bowels).
Associated quotations
a
- ?1435(1432) Lydg.Hen.VI Entry (Jul B.2)390 : Yee shall drawe waters..Which have vertue to curen..Hertes avoydoying off alle theire hevynesse.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)440 : The kyng garte sone a-voyde þe place Of cristen þat there were.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)83/30 : Þu art comen to myn hondes full of metes and evell gote gudes; þer-for I shall now avoyde þe wytte my presse.
b
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)278/32 : Þou schalt make him a clisterie..þat þou mowe avoide [L euacues] his bowels.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)294/5 : First þou schalt avoide his bodi of malancolie.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)84a/a : Euaporatyuez farmaciez..to som particlez þingez with drawen to þe maner of a ventose shulde replete more þan auoide.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)62/5 : Fleobotomye..avoideþ pacientz fro al yuel humours.
2.
(a) To take (sth.) out, remove (from a container, a city, one's hand); ~ out, ~ out of; (b) fig. to remove or drive out (anger, deceit, sadness, etc.) from the mind; to take away (disease) from the body; ~ awai, ~ fro, ~ out of; (c) med. to expel (sth.) from the body; to void (excrement), discharge (semen), let (blood), purge (humors), withdraw (pus, venom), etc.; ~ awai, ~ out, ~ out of.
Associated quotations
a
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)471 : Take eyren, avoided al oute that is therin.
- (1467) Ordin.Wor.398 : That no maner person..suffre non swyne goynge at large..and yf he avoyde hem not..after warning made vnto hym..he that ys so in defaute to paye the peyne reherced.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)821 : He..Awoydes þo borde in-to þo flore, Tase away þo trestis.
- a1500 Play Sacr.(Dub 652)420 : I may not awoyd yt owt of my hond.
b
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3504 : This manly man..hath reconciled faire Isyphilee Vnto grace fully of þe Quene, Hir Ire avoiden [vr. avoided] and her olde tene.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.4237 : Doth your besi cure Fro you tauoide striff, fraude & doubilnesse.
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)5204 : Ther herde I also nyghtyngales Syngyng..Tavoyde away al sorwe and tene.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)322/1060 : This same medecyn shall avoyd the colyke and the stone.
- c1450 ?Suffolk Walkyng allon (Frf 16)14 : I ne couthe..Myn heuynesse avoyde out of my mynde.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)7065 : Thow shalt nat falle..tavoyde away dyspeyr.
- a1500 Lydg.LOL (Adv 19.3.1)p.103 : This sterre..schuld avoyde owre sorow.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)92a/a : Þe matere schal be avoyded & Ipurgid [L est euacuanda] wiþ couenable medicine.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)182/8 : I woole teche þee to auoide þe matere with..laxatiuis.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)215/26 : Whanne þe enpostym is kutt..þanne avoide þe mater & fille þe place.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)242/20 : Þou muste lete him blood & avoide awei þe humouris.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)40b : The sede ystampid and medlid with hony and etyn avoyden wormes oute of the wombe.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)62b/b : Þer is double intension..for to auoide [*Ch.(2): to voyde] & drawe out þe veneme.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)148a/b : Þe materie digested, it may be auoided wiþ pillulis de agarico.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)152b/b : Fleobotomye is inscision of a veyne euoydyng [L euacuans] blode and humours.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)348 : Seed filling and oppressing þe vessel of þe seid..kinde wolde and laboriþ fersely forto haue it avoidid out.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)32 : Þe kyng..went on to a tre to auoyde þe birden of his wombe.
- c1450 Lydg.SSecr.Ctn.(Sln 2464)1798 : Whoo slepith..Tyl wombe avoyde al pondorosite..stant in liberte.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)5.151 : Arrianus..returnede to do the dewte off nature by the place of Constantius, where he avoidede þe interialle partes of his body, endenge his lyfe miserably.
3.
(a) To send (sb.) away; eject or banish (sb.); chase or drive (sth.) away, spurn (Fortune); ~ fro, ~ from; (b) to repel an attack; parry or ward off (a weapon); (c) to discharge or expel (sb.) from an office or position.
Associated quotations
a
- (1415) *Choosing Mayor Norwich (Cleo C.10)38 : The dores of þe hall..schall be open..ne none fro þennes forbarred ne a woided bot foreyns.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.2008 : Ȝif he refuse his hap of wilfulnes, Fortune avoidynge þoruȝ vnkyndnes Whan sche mynystreþ to hym..Anoþer tyme he schal hir nat embrace.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.6959 : For in his pursuit he hath lefft behynde..Routhe and al mercy and fadirli pite, And the, my brother, auoidid from his siht.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)4141 : Wowerys there come..But hyre fadyr heme avoydyd euerychone.
- (1453) Paston2.293 : He myght seke a remedye to cause this seyd tenaunt to be a voydyd and kept oute your seid place.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)178 : Thomas..wrote to the Kyng that this Petir schuld be a voyded.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)324/3 : Than they laced on their helmys and avoyded their pagys.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)1757 : Tavoyden fro thys place Thys hornyd best and tenchase, She callede the.
- a1500(c1465) SEChron.(Lamb 306)65 : He mekely obeyed, and all his men were avoyded from him.
b
- ?c1450 Brut-1447 (Trin-C O.9.1)482/26 : The Squyer cast his spere to þe knyght; and the knyght avoyded it with the swerd.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)33/1 : And but if we avoyde manly and wysely, there ys but dethe.
c
- (1444) RParl.5.121a : A newe [alderman] to be chosen bi the seid Baillifs and Aldremen that lyven, and be put in place of him so dede othur avoyded.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)32 : The cite was gretly frayed of þis kyng and coude not fynde a mene who þei schuld a uoide hym.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) Ctn.(Hrl 2261)451 : He wolde avoide from his servyce his cownsellours whiche movede hym unto that symplenesse.
4.
(a) To destroy (sth.); make (sb.) destitute; remove (hair) from the body; erase (a picture); (b) to make (sth.) void, nullify, do away with, blot out; (c) to refute (an argument, an accusation), deny (a statement), counter (an objection).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.13.6 : If thou haue not, he shal forsake thee; If thou haue, he shal lyue with thee and auoide [L evacuabit] thee out.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)150/448 : When thow shalt avoyd here, þw most be in an hote place.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.26.70a : Ymages þat first be impressed be most like to a byde and hardest to avoyde.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.9.15 : It is good to me more for to deie than that ony man avoyde [L evacuet] my glorie.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.15.24 : He schal auoyde al princehede and power and vertu.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)55/1 : Poule chase raþir to be deed þan ony man schulde avoide his glorie.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ecclus.2.8 : Ȝoure mede schal not be auoidid.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.78 : Ȝe avoiden [L irritum fecistis; cp. Mat. 15.6] Goddis heeste bi ȝoure veyn tradicioun.
- (c1450) Capgr.St.Aug.(Add 36704)9/31 : In þis fals heresie whech avoideth þe most substauns of our feith fell he.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)158 : The othir seyde..that same Gospel schuld be a voided in the ȝere of oure Lorde MCCLX, and that same ȝere schuld beginne the doctrine of Joachim.
- (1473) RParl.6.84b : That this Acte..extend not ne in any wise be prejudiciall, hurtyng or avoidyng unto any Graunte by us..made.
c
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.167 : Wickide men sclaundriden him, and he avoydide þer blame.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)51 : And thus ouȝte be avoidid this obieccioun.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.302 : I will avoiden and dispreuen Conceites whiche þe to þis errour meven.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)57/22 : Also þat he þerbi is to be seid wise, no man may avoide.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)20/7 : Al þis y graunte, for al Þis dryuing and concluding may no man avoide.
5.
(a) To depart from or abandon (a place, a position); vacate (a dwelling); go away, withdraw; ~ the feld (ground), flee from battlefield or lists; ~ awai, ~ fro, ~ from, ~ of; -- also refl.; (b) as command: go away, run along, get out; (c) to dismount from (a horse); (d) of temptation: to go away; of a disfigurement: to disappear.
Associated quotations
a
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)3622 : Avoyde scho hir [Trin-C: She went bi syde] and vmbethoght.
- (a1419) Doc.in Bk.Lond.E.227/59 : Richard Colcok and John Clerc..aren avoided and go oute of the forsaid lordship for euere more, and many mo bene in purpos to avoide & go oute of þe forsaid lordship.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1947 : Quyteth ȝour-silf Iustly or ȝour trouthe, Vnto ȝoure brother avoyding this Cyte.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.2059 : The siege he made for tauoide awai, And to repaire hom to ther cuntre.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2051 : Thane the vyscownte..Auoyeddyde the avawewarde.
- (1447-8) Shillingford7 : Alle men were bede to avoyde that chamber saaf the lordes.
- (1447-8) Shillingford91 : They wolle avoyde theire dwellyng placis.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)293/34 : All þe comons of þis courte bene avoyde clene.
- (1458-9) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA 83.m.2 : Þe said John Sely..slough a Miller, And for þat case avoided fro Contre to Contre and so come to Craneford.
- (1461) Paston (Gairdner)3.277 : My Lorde..comaunded hym to avoide.
- (1465) Paston (Gairdner)4.170 : Afterward thei bade avoyde..He rode to Drayton to se ther pepill, which wer avoyded or he came.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)31/5 : Thes kynges encountird with thes knyghtes that they made them to avoyde the grounde.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)526/19 : They had levyr dye than to avoyde the fylde.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) Ctn.(Hrl 2261)465 : The bischop beynge in the towne of Gravenynge was commaundede to avoide from hit.
- c1475 Gregory's Chron.(Eg 1995)120 : The capitaynys..shalle a-voyde the towne of Faleys the secunde day of Janyver.
b
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)1253 : She bad him avoide in hast, And began to threte him.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)139/114 : Avoyd ȝow hens out of þis place.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)64 : Avoyde, good broþer!
- a1500 Play Sacr.(Dub 652)570 : Avoyde, fealows, I love not yower bable!
c
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)464/9 : They avoyded their horsis and aythir of hem toke othirs horses.
d
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)231/2 : How schulde temptacyoun..avoyde fro þe be my prayerys?
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)4239 : It shall a voyde ayeyn, And your visage to be as fayre And playn.
6.
(a) To shun (sb.), refrain from (sin, etc.), avoid (an action, an occasion of scandal, etc.), escape (someone's displeasure); (b) to restrain (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)52/19 : Wakars..avoiden al disynes.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5647 : Þei taken hede, Prudently avoidynge necligence.
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)353 : Men shulden avoide þis frere.
- c1425 Treat.10 Com.(StJ-O 94)29 : Agood man or woman..wol avoyde & schonon al silke tokennes.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)180/8 : Hauyng knowlach how prone þe pepil was to demyn euyl of hem, desiryng to avoydyn al occasyon..þei partyd a-sundyr.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.Consulo (Hrl 2255)102 : Mouth and tonge avoiden al outrage.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)227 : The vce of thilk thing is to be shoned, eschewid, and avoidid.
- ?c1450(?a1400) Wycl.Clergy HP (Lamb 551)371 : He auoidid þis swerde in seculer office.
- (1472) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2 p.143 : As ye wol aduoide oure high displeasir and ansuere vnto vs.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) Ctn.(Hrl 2261)487 : The parliamente was begunne at London..whom the kynge wolde have avoided and if hit wolde have bene.
- a1500 Counsels Isidor (Hrl 1706)372 : Yt behoueþ more to schone yuele þen to amende yt, leste perauenture whan þou falleste þere-ynne, þou mayste not avoyden [L reuocare] yt.
- 1607(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hrl 2124)85/36 : Aye for to avoyde synne.
b
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.3175 : This poletik prynce, tauoide hem fro stryues, His statutis kept duryng al ther lyues.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)22034 : Arthur said noght to mak boste ffor A wordring [?read: A woiding] trauil A noste.
Note: New spelling
Note: Note Avoiding (cf. negligebat) 'in order to avoid troubling an army'