Middle English Dictionary Entry
nẹ̄r adj.
Entry Info
Forms | nẹ̄r adj. Also nēr; comp. ner(r)er; sup. nerrest. |
Etymology | From adv., q.v. for forms. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Near in space or time; nearby, close; of a horse or part of a horse: left (as opposed to right or off); of help or salvation: not far off, coming soon; also fig.; ~ abouten (biside, therbi), nearby, close, in that vicinity; time is ~, the time is soon to come, the time is imminent; (b) fer and ~, ~ and fer, far and near; from far away and nearby; everywhere; fer or (ne) ~, other fer other ~, far apart or near; in any place, anywhere; (c) closely related by kinship; also, closely related by friendship or loyalty, familiar [quot.: ?c1450]; ~ kin, ~ kinnes-man, ~ sibbe; (d) near in nature, quality, or relationship; also, spiritually akin; ~ cause, the immediate cause; ~ difference, a slight difference; ~ remedie, a ready and suitable remedy; ~ rune, a close call, narrow escape; ~ of, privy to, intimate with; nerrer than other, preferred over others, given first choice over others; never the nerrer, no closer to one's possession; (e) as quasiprep.: near in space or time to (sb. or sth.); also, near in nature, quality, or relationship to (sb.), akin to (sb.); (f) ?in surnames.
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11540 : Þe erl of gloucetere was þe wule in mani wilde side; Wan me wende he were fer, ofte he was ner.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2182 : Þe witthi werwolf wist hem so nere, & seiȝe blod-houndes bold so busili seche.
- ?c1400 Cursor (Arms 57)18023 : Þe tyme comyng is now ful nere þat deþ shal brynge him to vs here.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (LdMisc 210)3/17 : A nere bipath þat semeth streit to hem þat litel sauour or loue haueth of God..is forte holde Gods counseyles.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (LdMisc 210)15/6 : Aryse, þou þat slepest in synne, and Crist wol ȝeue þe liȝt; For now is tyme þat we aryse fro slepe, for oure hele is nerer þan we wende.
- (1415) Doc.Conspir.Hen.V in D.K.R.43584 : Skrop said yer was but iij wais, ye tyme was so nere.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)12/41 : He herd ascry Þat king Edward was nere þarby.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)9221 : Men salle hym se until þe ferrest syde, And als wele þas þat sal be fra hym fer Als þas þat sal þar til hym be nerrer.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1818 : I ne durste in no maner Bicause the archer was so ner.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)145b/b : Be þer put a ruptorie..vpon þe place ymerked in myddez of þe bone of þe pectine, nere [Ch.(2): nyghe; L prope] to þe ȝerde bi a fynger.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)46a/a : Þe substaunce of þe braine is wunder nere to þe holes of þe Eres.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)20/17 : He gers bring before him all þe nobilest and þe fairest maydens of þe cuntree nere aboute.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.63/13 : Ther were neir howsys right nygh by the whiche all were consumyd and turnyd yn-to Asshys.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)6442 : Sestow now þis faire contre..ffresche ryuers ese & ner [rime: dere].
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)113/34 : Sir, witte ȝe wele þe tyme is nere hee will be borne.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)374/43 : I hope oure helpe is nere, And sone schall sesse oure sorowes sadde.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)10499 : Ierusalem is farre..I haue ordand vus nerre [vr. nar] to hald our fest full wele.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)11382 : Nabod..soiornd als A neghtbour nere be syd.
- (a1453) Bk.St.Mary Fountains in Sur.Soc.130102 : One younge whyte mare burned on the neare buttock with 'A.C.' stolne frome Vncerbie the xxx of september laste.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)17b/b : Þe dura mater is þe more nere to þe brayn and wiþinne þe scolle.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)1304 : In the forest that is full neere [rime: swere] There ye shull you all huyde.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)402 : I promytt yow þes felouse wyll no more cum here, For summe of þem, certenly, were summewhat to nere.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)85a : To be Nere: Adesse.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)2489 : Myn hele is not so nere; Goddes deth is hennes fyue þousand ȝere.
- 1591(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hnt HM 2)114/462 : Helpe me downe, my leeffe fere, for I hope my tyme bee neere.
b
- c1390 I warne vche (Vrn)5 : Þer nis no mon, fer ne nere, Þat may him-seluen saue vn-schent.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.451 : But were he fer or ner..By nyght or day, for wisdom or folye, His herte..Was ay on hire.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1866 : Þis twynnyng..fleyghes about fra sted til stede Thurgh alle landes, fer and nere [rime: powere].
- c1440(c1350) Octav.(1) (Thrn)1583 : A riche feste þe emperour mad thar Of lordes, þat were ferre and nere, And of many a londes lede.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)27.156 : I Wele fulfillen it to my power What So Evere it be, Oþer fer other nere.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1991 : If hir frendes fer or nere Send hir gudes or giftes sere.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.51 : Broke wele thi londus brode..Thi frithis, thi forestus, fer and nere.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)12193 : Borow of þi neghtbours nere and ferre.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)36/1064 : Remembryng, how be we ferre or nere, Forto a-thanke..loue which hath sett vs in such a-queyntaunce.
c
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)584 : One..was a digne damisele..& komen of hire oune kin, he [read: here] kosin ful nere.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)20068 : Iesu crist..cald til him sant iohan, Þat was his sibe ner kines-man.
- (1400) Let.Hen.IV in RS 18.1 (Vsp F.7)24 : I am bot of the feirde degre of kyn tyll yhow, the quhilk in alde tyme was callit neir.
- c1425 Castle Love(2) (Eg 927)202 : Dere fader, thi doghter am y, As ner sib to the as is my sister Mercy.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)689 : Thowe arte my neuewe full nere, my nurree of olde.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)10626 : His neuew he ys, of next degre, Of blod ys non nerrer þan he.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)53.124 : Ȝit schal I Enqwere of Other Men that ben not so Nere.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)10334 : Scho was of his kyn most nere.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)7510 : Walchere..was þe first seculere Þat was bischop to cuthbert nere, Aftir saint aydane.
- (1469) Paston (Gairdner)5.42 : The Lords of the Kyngs concell..be to my seyd Lord of Norffolk ner kyne.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)114/20 : She was hys cosyne nere.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)8444 : Some man wole seie Þe broþers child is nerrer of þe tweie.
d
- c1390 ?Hilton Qui Habitat (Vrn)31/14 : But for as muchel as vre lord god is hiȝest and nerrest, miȝtiȝest & wysest & best, þerfore..i wol sechen him in my soule.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2587 : The fer cause is almyghty god, that is cause of alle thynges; The neer cause is thy thre enemys.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)94a/a : It is said approximate, i. nere, neþerlez in to nature of melancolie.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)405/21 : Alle siche..ben able for to come to greet perfeccioun, if þei wil, for þei ben moor neer to perfeccioun þan oþire wrecchis.
- c1450 Treat.Perf.(Add 37790)241/29 : Thus than is manyfeste the dyfference betwyx the secrete frendis of god and his trewe seruantys; Bot ȝit þer semes a nere difference betwyx the forsayde.
- (?1470) Stonor1.115 : As for your toll, never the nerrer for the fyndyng, and the right of your toll never the ferther fro you, though it be not founde.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)467/33 : Walter, his heires and his assignes..ben nerrer [L propinquiores] than other in biyng of the seid tenement to the ende of the seid terme of lx yere fully.
- c1475(a1396) Hilton SP (Rwl C.285)105 : Wha-so wenes þan hymself to be a parfite folower of Ihesu Cristis techyng..þe nerrer þat he wenys for to be, þe ferrer he is.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)223 : O Mercy, of all grace and vertu ȝe are þe well..Ȝe be aproxymatt to Gode and nere of hys consell.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)617 : The halff ys abowte my neke; we hade a nere rune.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)200/14 : And at the last ende, thei woll bryng the to confusion in lasse thanne thou maist be bettir aduyse haue a nerre remedye.
e
- c1390 ?Hilton Qui Habitat (Vrn)31/5 : Ne þer is no creature so ner me..as þe kuynde of god is.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)9237-8 : Alle þas þat God here lufes best, When þai com þar sal be hym nerrest; And þe nerrer þat þai sal hym be, Þe verreylyer þai sal hym se.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)89/19 : Euer þe more þat þi spirit haþ of goostlines, þe lesse it haþ of bodelines & þe nerer it is God.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)110/31 : But it was so nere nyght he myght nat passe but litill farther.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)8145 : Þat was nerrer God, as me þinke, Þan aungel þat cam of spekinge.
- a1475 Sidrak & B.in Centaurus 12 (Lnsd 793)223/5693 : For þogh a man mighte saile An hundred ȝere saun faile, He shulde þe sky no nerrer be.
f
- (1130) Pipe R.Hen.I125 : Robertus Neirnuit.
- (1181) in Pipe R.Soc.30139 : Richerus Neirenuit.
- (1230) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.4172 : Neireneit.
- (1238) Close R.Hen.III147 : Walterus le Neyr.
- (c1240) Doc.St.James in BGAS 58227 : Willelmi le Neyare.
- (?1272) Inquis.PM Hen.III305 : Geoffrey Neyrnut.
- (1276) Hundred R.Tower 116 : Hug'le Neyr.
- (1279) Assize R.Nhb.in Sur.Soc.88394 : De Galfrido le Neir.
- (1303) Feudal Aids 2434 : Stephanus le Neyr.
- (1313) Sub.R.Glo.(1) in BGAS 19240 : Johannes le Neyare.
- (1428) Feudal Aids 4193 : Johannes Nerewyte.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1475(c1450) ?Scrope Mirror World (Bod 283) 3543 : Discorde is righte foule and displeysyng to Godde..betwene nere-dwelleres and neghebourghes, betwene felawes and cosynes, and betwene husbandys and theyre wyves.
Note: ner-dweller (n.): not in MED. French = "entre prochains et voisins". Perh. new entry?