Middle English Dictionary Entry
necessitẹ̄ n.
Entry Info
Forms | necessitẹ̄ n. Also necessete, necescite, nescessite, nescescite, nesses(s)ite. |
Etymology | OF necessité, necesseté & L necessitas. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) That which is required or essential; something needed; a need or necessity of life; also, some necessary act or duty [quot.: Merlin]; longen to ~, to be needed; ~ of nature, necessitees of kinde, the essentials of life, requirements of human nature; nede and ~; (b) the state of being in need or hardship; want, poverty; also fig.; haven ~ to, to need to beg from (sb.); ~ of, lack or need of (sth.); (c) a compelling need; unavoidable or constraining circumstances; a difficult situation; (d) philosophical or logical necessity; inevitability; fate, predestination; natural law; simple ~, that which is necessarily true or absolutely fated or predestined; ~ condicional, that which is true or predestined only if some condition is met; bihoven bi ~, to be inescapable; be necessarily true [see also bihoven v. 2a. (a)]; (e) of ~, because of the constraint of certain needs or circumstances; necessarily, unavoidably; (f) in proverbial sayings.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.376 : If he flatere or blandise moore than hym oghte for any necessitee [vr. necescite].
- (?1406) Hoccl.MR (Hnt HM 111)314 : Whan the cuppe had thus my neede sped, And sumdel more than necessitee, With repleet spirit wente I to my bed.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6740 : Thanne may he begge til that he Have geten his necessite.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.pr.9.120 : Manye thynges failen to hym, for he hath som tyme defaute of manye necessites, and manye anguysshes byten hym.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)252/12 : It is ȝeuen to ȝou into ȝoure goostly mete by my diuyne dispensacioun for helpinge of ȝoure necessitees or nedis.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)268/8 : Þei departiden þe temperal substaunce of holy chirche to þe nede and necessite of poore men in holy chirche.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)333/13 : My goodnesse..prouidiþ for þin nede and necessyte.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)397/21 : He þinkiþ not on þe morowe, but his necessite he takiþ daily.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)51/4 : We schold wurschip our kin..in seruyng theim in theire necessitees.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)1252 : Al that longyth to thy necessyte Shal be prouydyd be god and me.
- (a1460) DSPhilos.(Helm)133/18 : Whanne the fader dothe nat his peyne to instructe and teche his childe..the sone is nat bounden to aunsuere to the necessitees of his fadir.
- c1475 Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)219/22 : We most entende to knowe..yf our money may strecche aftir oure necessite.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Add 9066)424 : Man was not made to so grete superfluyte, but to necessite of nature.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)64 : He toke leve, and yede thourgh the courte in his othir necessitees till that the tyme of Pasch, and than gan to assemble alle the barons and all the ladyes at Cardoel.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)28/24 : To ete, to drinke, to wake, to slepe, to reste, to labore, & to be soget to þe necessites of kynde is very misery.
- a1500 Partenay (Trin-C R.3.17)3818 : Off me shall ye haue both ayde and comfort In all your nedes of necessite.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2760 : A poore beggere..if he axe, he dyeth for shame, and algates necessitee constreyneth hym to axe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.797 : Such comun strif was hem betwene..So that the governance of lawe Was lost, and for necessite Of that thei stode in such degre Al only thurgh divisioun.
- (?c1412) Hoccl.Carpenter (Hnt HM 111)5 : So me werreyeth coynes scarsetee, That ny Cousin is to necessitee.
- (1415) Hoccl.Oldcastle (Hnt HM 111)453 : Yee seyn eeke: 'goodes, commune oghten be'; Þat ment is, in tyme of necessitee, But nat by violence or by maistrie, My good to take of me or I of thee.
- (1422) Reg.Spofford in Cant.Yk.S.2382 : The prioresse..to mynystre hit to thayme that thinge es gyfen and assygned too to be mynystered after thair indigence and necessytee under the payne of propyrtee and inobedyence.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)236 : If it were forwered, she Wolde have ful gret necessite Of clothyng.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)20/15 : Þe desier of þis soule encreesside whanne sche knewe þe necessite þat is in þe world..whanne þe greet wrecchidenes of þis world was schewid to hir.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)324/10 : He stood in greet afflixioun; I, þerfore, wiþ my souereyne prouydence, prouydide a remedye to þis necessite.
- (1433) RParl.4.424b : Yere bee many olde servantz and feble..some withoute any liflode or guerdon so yat they bee nowe in grete myschief and necessite.
- (1438) Doc.in Welch Hist.Pewterers Lond.10 : Also that euery persone houshoulder..paie yerly to the relef of pouer men of the same Craft xij d. to be disposid by the discrecions of the masters and goode men of the same crafte in tyme of necessite in peine of dowblinge to the chambre.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)101/3 : The good spirit sholde not be harde to graunte there where it seeth necessite, but recomfort þe nedi to his power.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)114 : For gret necessite wich the French kynge hade of goode for the defence of þat lande, he toke vpon hym to sett tayles and oþer imposicions vpon the commons.
- (a1475) Stonor1.140 : Good Brothyr, fayle me nat now in my gret necessyte, for y had nevyr so mych nede therof in my lyve.
- c1475 Why Nun (Vsp D.9)85 : My fadyr and alle my kyn For-sake me thus in necessite.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)105/11 : There ben thre kyndis of pouerte: scilicet, pouerte of necessite, the whiche is in the pore and nedy men.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)212/18 : The grettest and wisest prince that euir God sette vpon erthe were envirouned with grette and wighty necessitees and prikkid wiþe sharpe prikkis.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)222/17 : Whoso woll entende to enriche himself vndir a prince that stondith in necessite and hath but litill, shewith that his prive affeccion and his corage endeinith nat that the comon wele shuld prospere.
- a1500 Frische flour (Lamb 306)7 : And they that to you haue nessesite, be gracious euer thorough your gentilnes.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.3048 : I prey yow that in this necessitee and in this nede ye caste yow to ouercome youre herte.
- (c1422) Hoccl.JWife (Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)535 : Thow helpe me maist..If thow wilt so in this necessitee, Gold and siluer wole I thee yeue ynow.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)39a/a : When þer comeþ necessitee, þer is to be put of opij.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)155a/a : Fleobotomye haþ 2 hourez, s. of necessite & of eleccioun; Houre of necessite is in which it bihoueþ to be done, & it may not be taried.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)159b/b : Nouþer aloen ne Iera..oweþ to be giffen to olde men suple in conseruatif way..bot he graunteþ it necessite now beyng neiȝ at hand þer.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)166a/a : Neþerlez, as he seiþ, necessite som tyme constreyneþ for to compone medicinez wher þer is nouȝt yfounden a symple myȝty for to complete proffitably þe entensionez purposed.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)70a/a : Þer moste be two Reynes..be cause þat þe tone of hem in tyme off nescessite schulde mowe fulfillen þe office of hem boþe.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)133b/a : And it happen..þe wounde of þe liuer be grete, comunelie it is not cured after be cause of grete bledinge and be cause of nescescite of his operacioun in alle þe bodie.
- c1450(c1440) Scrope Othea (StJ-C H.5)52/3 : In caas of necessite, there where a man may not ellis escape..ryght suffriþ oon to slee anothir, in his body defendant and ellis nat.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)3039 : For nede & gret necessyte, [Lycence] grauntyd vnto the Plentevously.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Wisd.19.4 : Þer ladde þem to þat ende worþi necessite, & of þese thingis þat hadde fallen, þe mynde þei losten.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4435,4440 : Nedely clepe I symple necessitee..Or if his wityng streyneth neuer a del But by necessitee condicionel, I wol nat han to do of swich matere.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1012 : I mene..To enqueren..wheither that the prescience of God is The certeyn cause of the necessite Of thynges that to comen ben.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.6.153 : Yif the thing clyveth to the stedfastnesse of the thought of God and be withoute moevynge, certes it surmounteth the necessite of destyne.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.6.402 : He chasith out alle yvel fro the boundes of his comynalite by the ordre of necessite destinable.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.3.62-6 : For certes yif that any wyght sitteth, it byhoveth by necessite that the opynioun be soth of hym that conjecteth that he sitteth; and ayeinward also is it of the contrarie: yif the opinioun be soth of any wyght for that he sitteth, it byhoveth by necessite that he sitte.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.3.128 : It byhoveth by necessite that every thing be ryght as science comprehendeth it to be.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.4.119 : Ther ben some thingis to betyden, of whiche the eendes and the bytydynges of hem ben absolut and quit of alle necessite.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.6.198-204 : For certes ther ben two maneris of necessites: that oon necessite is symple, as thus; that it byhovith by necessite that alle men ben mortal or dedly; anothir necessite is condicionel, as thus: yif thou wost that a man walketh, it byhovith by necessite that he walke.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)20074 : Many constellaciouns..yive in erthe influences..I wolde affermen vn-to the To calle al thys Necessyte, Or name yt Dysposicioun, Or Naturel Domynyoun.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)111/16 : Now I suppose that they mowe stande togider: prescience of god, whom foloweth necessite of thinges comming, and liberte of arbitrement, thorow whiche thou belevest many thinges to be without necessite.
e
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4182 : They ne founde as muche as a cotage In which they bothe myghte ylogged be; Wherfore they mosten of necessitee [vrr. necescite, necessite] As for that nyght departen compaignye.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.3892 : In Salomon a man mai see What thing of most necessite Unto a worthi king belongeth.
- (1402) Hoccl.Cupid (Hnt HM 744)295 : Than moot it folwen of necessitee, Syn art askith so greet engyn & peyne A womman to deceyue what shee be, Of constance they been nat so bareyne As þat some of tho sotil Clerkes feyne.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.927 : Grekes moste of necessite Homward saille for-by his contre.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1317 : Of the tempest and the derke nyght, he dryven was..Of nede only and necessite And high constreynt of his adversite To take loggyng wher so that he myght.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.339 : From his love..A man mot twynnen of necessite, Ye, though he love hire as his owene lif.
- a1475(a1456) Shirley Death Jas.(Add 5467)18 : Oone of the said traitours..suppoisid varaly sith thay couth nat fynd, yn none of all the sayd chaumburs, the Kyng, that he of nessessite had hyd hym yn the pryvay.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)2552 : Ther men almost distressid euerychone, And many slayne, thenne of necessite They them withdrewe.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)222/26 : Som of the cheueteynes..take away the wages of the souldiours and yeve them but litill or nought, which causith them of necessite to live vpon the poore people.
- a1500 GRom.(Add 9066)150 : Every thought cometh from the hert, Therfor every man or best feleth good or evell; it folowith of necessite that by this the hert thynketh.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)10/6 : Many are under obedience more of necessite þan of charite.
f
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.3042 : Thanne is it wisdom..To maken vertu of necessitee, And take it wel that we may nat eschue.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.464 : Þe kyng..cast hym..To make vertu of necessite.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.623 : For which, men seyn, may nought destourbed be That shal bityden of necessitee.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.958 : For al that comth, comth by necessitee.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1050 : Thilke thynges that in erthe falle..by necessite they comen alle.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1586 : Thus maketh vertu of necessite [vr. necessete] By pacience, and thynk that lord is he Of Fortune ay, that naught wole of hire recche.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.176 : Necessitee nath never halyday.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)1125 : Vertu of necessyte I wyl make.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)1252 : Make of necessite, reed I, vertu.
- a1475(1450) Scrope DSP (Bod 943)72/1 : Thei askid him whenne he knew his frendis, and he aunswered: in necessitee, for in prosperitee eueri man is a frende.