Middle English Dictionary Entry
much(e n.
Entry Info
Forms | much(e n. Sg. gen. muches. |
Etymology | Shortened form of muchel. For forms, see adj. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) Much, a great deal; a large amount (of sth.); a considerable part or fraction of (sth.); a large number (of people) [quot.: Chartier Treat.Hope]; (b) connen (knouen) ~, to be knowledgeable (in sth.), have expertise (in sth.), know a lot (about sth.); mouen ~, be able to do much; setten right ~, attach very much value (to sth.), consider (sth.) very important; (c) ~ conninge, very learned; ~ eting [see etinge ppl.]; (d) as name.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)207/21 : Her nabbe ich þe nawt muches [Nero: mucheles] to ȝelden.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1212 : Ich at chirche come ilome An muche leorni of wisdome.
- a1350(1307) Execution Fraser (Hrl 2253)86 : Muche haþ scotlond forlore..ant lutel pris wonne.
- c1390 Þe wyse mon in (Vrn)52-3 : Ȝif þou haue muchel, muche ȝiue also; Ȝif þou haue nouȝt, muche þou schalt ȝiue.
- a1400 Usages Win.(Win-HRO W/A3/1)p.64 : Euerych sullere of bred..shal to þe kynge to custome, by þe ȝere twey shullynges, and to þe clerk a peny ȝif he selleþ meche by ȝere.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)10.87 : Who-so hath moche, spene manliche.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1992 : He hade muche on þe morn to mynne..in þoȝt.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.325 : He lefte moche be-hynde Of the story.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.29.7 : Aboue there is ȝit myche of the day.
- a1425 Dial.Reason & A.(Cmb Ii.6.39)7/21 : Sithen þe bodi þenne is þi famyliar enemye, his debilite doþ meche for þe, For with þe lasse labour maist þou be maister.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)72b/b : Þat veyne is good for to be leten blode..and it voideþ miche fro alle þe bodie.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)219/12 : Myche þat I haue seid I schal rehersen aȝein.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2:Peacock)896 : Men be so bysy..So that for here ocupacyone Þey leue myche of here deuocyone.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)27/23 : Thre batells of oure people were comyn to gedre in the syde of the Saresyns, ther myche was to doo, to feght.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)74/31 : This Henam was..of euyl lyf, of whiche I wylle not say moche nor al, bycause God wold that he deyd sodenly and pytously.
- c1460 Awake lordes (Dub 432)43 : Miche is in my mynde, no more is in my penne.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apost.(Dub 245)438 : Siche apostataes marren meche of Cristis ordre.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)19/37 : He hath done moche for me.
- a1500(c1380) Wycl.Papa (Ryl Eng 86)475 : To þis wit he made hym lord of rome & myche of his empire.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)2195 : We haue be here Moche of this two yere.
- a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)107/24 : The paynemes of Affryke and the Englishmen..slough moche of the people.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)9759 : Be þou riche and miche mowe wynne.
b
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.211 : In alle the ordres foure is noon that kan So muche of daliaunce and fair langage.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2037 : Medea..in hir self..gan to speke As sche in sothe þat so moche can.
- c1450 ?Suffolk Myn hert ys set (Frf 16)58 : I put case that ye knewe Mych of this mater.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)73/26 : I may yeve some thinges þat I haue withoute any grete harme to me, and yett God settyth right mych þer-by.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)51a/a : Who þat is of þis complexioun..by cause of moistnesse he may myche.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)136 : Myche he couþe of game Wyth sytole..fydele and crouþe.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)1424 : Þys fayr lady Kowþe moch of sorcery.
- a1500 Bevis (Chet 8009)214/4256 : Beues moche of werre can.
- a1500 St.Anne(3) (Tan 407)12 : A ffeythfull man he was..that meche cowde of curteseye and of good councelle.
c
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)55/18 : In comune speche it is vsid forto be seid of a ful mych kunnyng geometrer þat he is a wise geometrer.
d
- a1500 RHood & M.(Cmb Ff.5.48)st.8 : Than spake Moche, þe mylner sun.
- a1500 RHood & M.(Cmb Ff.5.48)st.53 : Litull John and Much infere Bare the letturs to oure kyng.
1b.
In phrases with reference to amount or quantity: (a) as ~, so ~, also ~, an equal amount, such an amount; as much, so much; ful (wel) ~, a very great amount; to ~, too much; twies so ~; as (so, also) ~ as, as ~..so ~; (b) hou ~, however much, such an amount as; hou ~ ever, for however much, at whatever amount [see also hou conj. adv. 3. (c), (d)]; (c) ilich ~, lik ~, the same amount, an equal quantity.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2342 : Þere was..of wyn..Rith al so mik and gret plente So it were water of þe se.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)16 : He comeþ nouȝt at chirche..ffor he haþ so muche to done to dele her & þere.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)810 : To soþ þou seidest me Þat as muche as ich adde ich was worþ.
- c1330(c1250) Floris (Auch)378 : Wel moche he wil for þi coupe bede.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4180 : They ne founde as muche as a cotage.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.369-70 : As muche of his loue as he yeueth to thilke creature, so muche he bireueth fro god.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.581 : For to moche or for to lite Fulofte I am miself to wyte.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1142 : Y trowe þys man..For þoght þat he ȝaf so meche hys sone.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1265 : Oþer ful much of oþer folk fongen hor dedez.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.288 : Men with to moche may ouer-lade a barge..in tempest.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5630 : For that he wole be Content with his poverte..So myche in litel have he can, He is apaied with his fortune.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)92a/a : A man moste eschewe þat he neiþer ete neiþer drinke to moche.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)110a/b : Tak þe ȝolke of aneye..& as myche of þe iuse of uerueine.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)145a/b : So þat þer be twyes so moche of rosen as of þe vineger.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)247/14 : And ȝe resseyue so myche of þat liȝt as ȝe bere of loue and holy desier.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)111 : Ȝif that distresse amounte not as moche as the thyng behynden, thanne be the remenaunt arered and maad levee therof..of the chatteux of the dettour.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)16/9 : Þey may noȝt ben a-soyled tyl þey haue payed aȝen to þe ȝyvere þat þey haue take & als myche to pore folk.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(1) (Med-L 136)72/179 : Then take the flowres of borage and breke the aloes and ete it wt clarified hony and with the flowres, as moch as aboue.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)75/4 : So moche she dide that she cam by nyght in his Chambre.
- (1453) Paston2.289 : He hathe seyde as myche ther ageyns as he dar do.
- (1454) Will York in Sur.Soc.30176 : I wald thai were gevyn as mych as of reson myght be boght.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.48/24 : Þey claymyn..al-so-muche as longeth to þe laweday.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)151/4 : Paiyng..yerely..for all seruice..Savyng the kynges seruice and of the chief lord, also moche as longeth to suche a fre tenauntry in..hampton.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)98a/b : Putte þerto old swynys grese, as myche as of alle þe oþere.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)152b/b : He schal not eten as myche as he was wont to do in tyme of hele.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)96 : Full myche there was of gam and gle.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)51 : As moche as thextent off your lande amountithe.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)12/17 : Take þe melke of a cow..and take al-so moche of goud red wyn and meldle hem to-gadre.
- -?-(1467) Will in Som.RS 16198 : I have hadde so moche of hym and have doo not for hym after the promesse which I maade to hym.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.16.16 : Þis is þe brede..eche one geþer of it how mich suffisiþ forto ete.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.27.8 : How moche [L quantum] he eyme & seeþ þat he may ȝelde, so moche [L tantum] he shal ȝeue.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Lev.27.27 : Ȝif he wol not aȝeyn bigge, hit shal be solde to anoþer, how moche euer [WB(2): as myche euer; L quantocumque] hit were eymed.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)222 : Holy scripture..schulde..mynystre to vs oure hoolful feiþ..what and how myche þou askist of vs to bileeue.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)56/1 : He schulde haue knowen riȝt mesure, how myche hadde ben nedeful to his kynde.
c
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)5b : Take ambros and daysye..y like myche.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)67a : Stampe hym and marche like myche to-gedir.
- (1435) Doc.in Power Craft Surg.315 : That euery free man of the craft..paie ȝeerli to the dyner of the craft..ech man lich mich.
- ?a1450 Wel.542 Recipes (Wel 542)311 : So that þou haue of eyther ilyche mech.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)178 : Tak a potel of lyf-hony..& do hyt to þy lycour, so þat þou haue of boþe lyche meche.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)59/9 : Take hony and þe qwyte of an ey..of iche lyche meche.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)8/4 : Take blac mynte and wos of the rewe, of boþe y-lych moche.
2.
In phrases with reference to degree or extent: (a) for as ~ as, for al)so ~ as, insomuch as, insofar as; since, because [see also as conj. 6., for as much & for so much]; (b) bi ~, considerably; bi hou ~..bi so ~, to whatever degree..to that degree; bi so ~, to that extent; in hou ~, to what (an) extent; into hou ~, to such an extent; of ~, insofar as, to the extent that; so ~, such a degree or extent; so ~ as; (c) in as ~ as, to the degree or extent that, in view of the fact that, for the reason that; inasmuch as; also, as [quot.: *Chauliac(1)]; in so ~, because; to such an extent; also, to the end that, until [see also in as muche as & in so muche].
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2457 : For as muche as that the examinacioun is necessarie, lat vs bigynne at the sirurgiens.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)356 : For as much as ȝe ar myn em, I am only to prayse.
- ?a1425 Whi is þis world (Trin-C B.15.39)39 : For as miche as man muste die at þe laste, it is..a charge lordschip to taste.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)681 : Why speke I thus..of Yrelonde? For also muche as I can understonde It is fertyle for thynge that there do growe..So large.
- (1472-5) RParl.6.163b : For so moche as many..offenses..have..be commytted..the Kyng..ordeyneth..that all Statutes..be in full force.
- a1450 Diseases Women(2) (Sln 2463:Singer)37 : For as moch as ther ben manye women that hauen many diuers maladies..Therefore I schal sumdele wrightte herre maladies remedye.
b
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)3.349 : Þe soule þat þe sonde taketh bi so moche is bounde.
- c1425 Liber de Hyda in RS 4570 : And I wyl that tho men..kepe the word that of my faderys herytage stondyth i-write, of myche as they strengyst mowe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.93 : I wante connyng his..renoun tendite, So moche of manhood men may in hym sen.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)163 : God..in how myche aȝens þi lawe we haue bi vicis to þee be trespacyng.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)339 : Into how moche and which þe couenaunt of aprentisehode driueþ.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)15b : Me wel vndirstonde in how moche a kniȝt wel vsed in dedes of armes is bettir þen he þat is not vsed.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3306 : I..Has noȝt o maistri so meche as miȝt of my-selfe.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.157 : In how myche care and wreechidnes Thise wrong-wise wayes doth ȝow men implyen..I schall þe tellen as it is.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2:Peacock)1517 : A-bregge hys penaunce þen by myche.
- c1425 Wycl.Antichr.(2) (Dub 245)p.cxvii : Whenne he schal begynne to do signes, by hou myche þei shul be more merueilous to men, be so myche þe hooli men..shulen be dispised.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judg.10.9 : Þei ben..hidousli oppressyd..in so myche þat þe sonys of amon..wastidyn Judam.
- (a1382) WBible(1) Prols.Esd.(Bod 959)8 : Þei to-tern þat þei reden priueli in so myche þat I am constreyned to crien.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2591 : The cause final was for to sle thy doghter. it letted nat, in as muche as in hem was.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1065 : They wol seyn, in as muche as in me is I have hem don dishonour.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)60a/a : A wonde, in als mych as a wonde [Ch.(2): in als mykel as it is a wounde; L vulnus inquantun vulnus], nedeþ to be dried & stiptiked.
- c1425 *Wycl.Concord.(Roy 17.B.1)3b : If it seme..þat cotaciouns of summe textis be not spoken off in wordis..yn so myche is þe bettir.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)163 : Þi lawe, god, in so myche þe bettir kepyng and fulfillyng, and in so myche þe more plentevousely moral vertues doyng.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)8/21 : He..doiþ wiþdrawe fro vs þat we desiren, in as myche as it myȝt lettyng make to soule heele.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)11/4 : In as myche as God techiþ vs to calle hym oure fadir, in þat he makiþ vs to vndirstonde þat he loueþ vs.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)22/2 : Þen is þis fleischly broþer no more sibbe..þen is anoþer, but in as moche as ȝe haue boþe one bigynnyng of ȝoure fleischly fadir.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)36/21 : Man may do noþing þat hym may be heleful to soule, but in as moche as he folewiþ þe wille of God.
- c1450 Capgr.Rome (Bod 423)43 : In as mech as þis lady rood..be þis same ȝate..þerfor of hir ueil..cleped þei þe ȝate flamea.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)74/5 : Sychem..coueyted her and prayd her of loue in so moche he took fro her her maydenhode.
- c1475 *Mondeville (Wel 564)156b/b : Þu muste be war, in as miche as it is possible, þat þe hole of þe wounde be not stoppid.
- a1500(1465) Leversedge Vision (Add 34193)32 : How that blyssid lady vanysshid..j can not sey, in so myche that j had no perfite sight of hir at that tyme of hir departing.
3.
In phrases with reference to the content or scope of an utterance: (a) melen (seien, tellen, etc.) thus ~, to say (tell, etc.) this much; say (tell, etc.) as much as follows; outbringen (shewen) thus ~, express (disclose) as much as this; speken as ~ as, utter at least (a reason); (b) amounten thus ~, of a story: to boil down to this, be paraphrased as follows; ben as ~ to seien (as, of a statement, of a rhetorical trope: imply or say in effect (that; amount only to saying (that; ben as ~ (for) to seien, of a personal name: have a (specified) meaning; as ~ to menen, of a foreign or learned term or statement: signifying; ben as ~ to seien (as, ben thus ~ to seien, menen (seien) as ~ as, be the translated equivalent of, mean in translation; also, mean in other words.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.804 : Thus muche I wol yow seye: My newe wyf is comynge by the weye.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1124 : Ther been..fewe whiche that I wolde profre To shewen hem thus muche of my science.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1747 : Thus muche of hir beautee telle I may: That she was lyk the brighte morwe of May.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)447 : He..meled þus much with his muthe as ȝe may now here.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.796 : Oones nyltow..As muche as speke a resoun moore or lesse.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.106 : Thus muche as now, O..wif, I may out brynge.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)904 : Thus moche dar I sayn, that she Was whit, rody, fressh, and lyvely hewed.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.288 : 'Nazarenus' is as muche for to seye as 'florisshynge'.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1018 : This is as muche to seye as it was nyght.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.108 : Al be that I kan nat sowne his style..Thus muche amounteth al that euere he mente.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.163 : This is as muche to seyn Ye moote with the platte swerd..Stroke hym in the wounde.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)3013 : Ysaac ys als myche for-to say a name þat takenys ioy and play.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)10.39 : Þe castel þat kynde made, caro it hatte, As muche to mene þat man with his soule Þat he wrouȝte wiþ werkis & with wordis.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1730 : Mane, Techal, Phares..Mane menes als much as 'maynful gode Hatz counted þy kyndam..And fulfylled hit in fayth to the fyrre ende.'
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)194/10 : Heroud is as muche to seie as ioynge in skinnes, or gloriouse skinny.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(3) (Htrn 95)60b/b : Þe syfac þe whiche is cleped perychoneum, þat is to seien, as myche as goinge aboute.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)28b : For þis name legio in latyn is as moche to seye in englisse as chesyng, so þat a legioun is as moche to seye in englisshe as a chosen multitude of werriours.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)23/15 : Þat is þat oþer poynt of þe pater noster and is on englische þus myche to seye: halewed be þi name.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)135/16 : Letanye is as myche to say as a prayinge or a supplicacion.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)71/29 : And is lethlauar in walch as mych to say as a spekynge stone.
4.
In phrases with reference to a person's rank or importance: (a) fro the leste unto the ~, from the lowliest to the loftiest people [see also leste adj.(1) 2a. & 2b.]; litel and ~, ~ and lite, persons of low and high (high and low) estate, all people [see also lite n.(3) 3. & litel n. 2. (a)]; ~ ne (no) lite [see lite n.(3) 3.]; etc.; (b) maken ~ of, to exaggerate (one's) importance, make much of (oneself) [cp. muche adv. 4. (b)].
Associated quotations
a
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Judith 15.8 : Fro þe leste vnto þe myche, alle weren made riche.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)23154 : Al þat is suche sal be dampned, litel & muche.
- a1500 Methodius(3) (Stw 953)752 : Þe kynge..xall..haue dysdeyne & gret dyspyte on hem..þat forsoke cryste, meche & lyte.
- c1500 Now fresshe (Trin-C R.3.19)20 : The moche of the lytyll taketh oft shame.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2292 : What make ye so muche of Salomon?
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.2220 : He dede deeme Beforn all othir to were a diadeeme. Of hymsilff so moche he ded make.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)70/9 : Presumptuouse folk þat makyn myche of hem-self..schal fallyn..in-to..schame.
5.
In proverbial sayings.
Associated quotations
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2405 : He that to muche embraceth distreyneth litel.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)11378 : Moche forȝyt, þat longe abyt.
- a1450 Bot witt pas (Add 37049)99 : He þat makes to myche of lytell, It sal be long or he hafe mykell.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.51 : Muche he has, þat wylle no more.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.55 : He sparyth muche that has nouhȝt.
- c1475(?a1440) Burgh Cato(1) (Rwl C.48)424 : To much is nouht of any maner thyng.
- a1500 Wast bryngyth (Cmb Ff.2.38)st.25 : Þat spekyrus [read: spekyth] moche some speche he must spylle.
- a1500 Wast bryngyth (Cmb Ff.2.38)st.73 : Who haþe so moche þat can sey hoo?