Middle English Dictionary Entry
maid(e n. & adj.
Entry Info
Forms | maid(e n. & adj. Also māde, meid(e, maud & (early) mēde, mæide; sg. gen. maides, etc. & maide. |
Etymology | OE mægden, mǣden. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) An unmarried woman, usually young; wif or (nor) ~, wif other ~, ~ or wif, ~ widwe or wif, wif ne ~ ne widwe; (b) a woman, as distinguished from a man; (c) a girl, a young girl; ~ ne knave.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10918 : Þes king hæfuede enne dohter..þet mæide hehte Elene.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26137 : Þer þat Brutisce maide [Otho: made] bibured læi on eorðe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30486 : Þe king dude vnwisdom þat he þat ilke maide nom.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1338 : Ich singe & grede Þar lauedies beoþ & faire maide [Jes-O: meide].
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1418 : Bet ȝif ich schulde aluue bringe Wif oþer maide [Jes-O: mayd] hwanne ich singe.
- a1300(c1250) Floris (Vit D.3)333-4 : Nou þat mayde slepeþ so suiþe, Heo slepeþ so faste, þat mayde suete.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)301 : Ȝef þer is eni maide forleie, Þe wal..chaungeþ fram water into blod.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)261,266 : Þis ȝonge mayde [Clg: wiman] iwarþ hire mid childe..Vnder-ȝeten were þe þinges þat þe mayde [Clg: wimon] was wid childe.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)14347 : Mayde [Clg: Maiden] Rowenne dring bloþeliche þanne.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1949 : Ne beo þat mayde neuere so clene, ne þat neuere dude amys.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)297 : Þis mayde ispoused was, of so heye blode.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)142/32 : A mayde þet be greate loue loueþ heþ grat ssame..þanne hi is aspid.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)586 : Þat amiabul maide alisaundrine a-hiȝt.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1928 : Þe..wedding..bi-twene þe meyde meliors & þe prince of grece.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2037 : Florippe þat maide hadde ioie & game to sen hure contynaunce.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1171 : A man moot nedes loue maugree his heed..Al be she mayde, wydwe, or ellis wyf.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.3331 : Mi faire Maide, wel thee be! Of thin ansuere and ek of thee Me liketh wel.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.1043 : In al the court ne was ther wyf ne mayde Ne wydwe that contraried that he sayde.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)3250 : Golde and stane for mayde [Vsp: maiden; Trin-C: maydenes] shroude.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)3238 : What shal I do Þis ilke mayde [Vsp: mai; Frf: mayden] if þat sho Wiþ no catel com wiþ me?
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.264 : A mayde for mannes loue her moder forsaketh.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6311 : Sparinge no condicioun Of old nor ȝong, womman, wif, nor maide.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.Lear (Göt Hist 740)89 : How Cordoil, þat was þe yongest maid, Vnto hir fader answerd.
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)487 : 'Wostow,' quod he, 'wher this be wif or mayde Or queen or countesse?'
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)151 : Faire..of hewe As a mayde in hir beaute That shal of newe wedded be.
- a1450 I have a newe gardyn (Sln 2593)9 : Þe fayrest mayde of þis toun preyid me for to gryffyn her a gryf of myn pery tre.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)52/4 : Yea..shal ye yelde you to the fairest made of Bretane.
- c1475 Wisd.(Folg V.a.354)816 : I reke but lytyll be sche mayde or wyffe.
- c1450(a1400) Libeaus (Clg A.2)445 : He and þat mayde bryȝt Togydere made all nyȝt Game and greet solas.
- a1500(c1450) Idley Instr.(Arun 20)2.B.2805 : What xall fall of þem þat Jape with wyff or mey [read: meyd]?
b
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)52 : Þu art hire ilich..Bute þu ert a man & heo a maide.
- c1330(c1250) Floris (Auch)55 : Þou art a man & ȝe [read: ȝhe] is a maide.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)298b/b : Sirena..is a beste of þe see wonderly schapen as a mayde fro þe nauel vppeward and as a fisshe fro þe nauel dounward.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)621 : Body and feet of a fers lyoun, And lik a mayde in soth was hede and face.
c
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.567 : And to the sergeant mekely she sayde, 'Haue here agayn youre litel yonge mayde.'
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)1046 : The mayde was a fayre & a ȝong childe, Twelue ȝere of age.
- a1450 LDirige(1) (Dgb 102)404 : No man shal be excusyd, Lord ne lady, mayde ne knaue.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)199 : Chyldren þey hadden hem bytwene, Twoo knaues and a mayde.
- c1460 Cursor (LdMisc 416)10267 : He callid that man maladicte That hath no child, maide ne knave.
2.
(a) A virgin; (b) a virgin by religious vocation; (c) the Virgin Mary; ~ and moder, ~ moder, moder ~, etc.; (d) a man who abstains from sexual experience for religious reasons; also, a man lacking sexual experience; (e) astron. the zodiacal sign Virgo.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)2197 : Þe patriark me het..Þat i ne toke neuer wif Boute ȝhe were maide clene.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4271 : A newe wif he tok to bedde, Which Yno hihte and was a Mayde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)69b/b : A maide hatte virgo.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)177/25 : Sche seyd sche was a mayde.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)368 : Loke þou be as clene as ony mayde.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)29.106 : Al this tyme was Eve A Clene Maide.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(LdMisc 108)124 : Clene wumman heo bi-cam with-oute flechsliche dede, And clene Maide deide setþe.
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(LdMisc 108)199 : Þis Maide was bi-fore him y-brouȝt swiþe fat and round.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6795 : As þe rose springþ of þe brer þat ssarp & kene is, Also com þat clene maide of þe luþer men [read: man].
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2308 : I am..A mayde and loue huntyng..And noght to been a wyf and be with childe.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)1/11 : Þe reuelaciouns of oure Lord to his chosen mayde, Kateryn of Sene.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)101 : & ȝo a mayde vnmarred þat neuer man touched.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)988/3 : She must be a mayde all the dayes of hir lyff.
- a1500 I comawnde alle þe ratons (Rwl C.228)7 : Thorgh þe vertu of sent ȝeretrude, þat mayde clene, god graunte þat grace.
c
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)237 : Ure halende wes acenned of þam unwemmede mede, sante Marie.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)161 : Hie is..alre maidene maide.
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Creed (Lamb 487)77 : Ic ileue on þene helend, þe þet halie meide in hire likame underfeng.
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)597 : Ihesu crist þe wes ibore of þe meyde.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)79/57 : Þat child a-ros and herede god i-bore of mayde marie.
- a1350 Mayden moder (Hrl 2253)13 : Mayde, byseche y þe vostre seint socour.
- c1350 Ayenb.App.(Arun 57)266/31 : Ich y-zeȝ nyxt iesu crist þe ilke blisfolle mayde and moder.
- 1372 Als i lay vpon (Adv 18.7.21)56 : I wot þe child is god & man & is moder mayde.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1657 : O moder mayde, o mayde moder free!
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.2202 : Ey, goddes moder..blisful mayde.
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (Bod 416)33/7 : A more humbler maide ne porere, ne more chast was neuere non but he himself.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1869 : So make us, Jesus, for thi mercy digne, For love of mayde and moder thyn.
- (1426) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)340 : Blessed moder Marie ever hole and clene mayde.
- (?a1430) Hoccl.MG (Hnt HM 111)11 : Humble lady, mayde, modir, and wyf.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)introd.124 : Yf God wol vouche saaf and his Moder the Maide, moo then I behete.
- a1450(a1400) Medit.Pass.(2) (Add 11307)9 : Of Dauides kyn maud gentil, Þou make my tonke swete and sotil.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)147/28 : Whan A sone of a mayd marye In bedleem were i-born.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)1950 : For he shal be a goost of Goddis might Þat shal here in a maide light, And oure flesshe to take of þat virgine.
d
- c1300 SLeg.John (LdMisc 108)34-5 : In seint Iohanes warde is swete moder he tok..þare nas non oþur of heom þat clene mayde was, Clene mayde to wardi oþur.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)230/13 : Saint Ion þe ewangelist, þet wes mayde, wes amang þe apostles þe meste belouede of oure lhorde.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.365 : Þat reyn schal neuere cese or a preost þat is clene mayde [L sacerdos virgo a nativitate] singe a masse in a chapel þat is faste by.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.79 : I woot wel that thapostle was a mayde, But nathelees..Al nys but conseil to virginitee.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)132/30 : Kyng Edward..haþ euer Leuede in clennesse and is clene maide.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)9.2418 : Blissid Edmond..Kyng, maide, and martir.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)5 : Abel was..a keeper of scheep, a mayde, a martire, killid of his brothir of pure envy.
- c1475 Lydg.KEng.(2) (Hrl 372)94 : Blissed Edward entrith trewe enherytour xxiiijte yeer as mayde & pure virgyne.
- ?a1500 Henslow Recipes (Henslow)23 : Wache the cankere with þe pisse of a knaue child þat ys a clene mayde.
e
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.207 : Þese beoþ þe names of þe signes: þe Wether, þe Boole..þe Leon, þe Mayde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)125a/b : Þe sonne in þe myddis of august comeþ in to þe signe þat hatte virgo, þe mayde.
- c1400 *WBk.Phil.& Astron.[OD col.] (BodAdd B.17)4 : Virgo..regneþ in August & is cleped þe signe of a mayde.
3.
A maidservant, female attendant, lady in waiting; also fig. an auxiliary or ancillary cause [quot.: ?a1425].
Associated quotations
- c1300 SLeg.Magd.(2) (LdMisc 108)492 : Heo hauez i-beon min hou[s]wif, mi mayde, and mi norice.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3417 : For no cry hir mayde koude hym calle, He nolde answere.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2573 : Tho sche hath seknesse feigned And goth to chambre and hath compleigned Unto a Maide which sche triste.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1487 : Forth he cleped a squyer and a mayde, 'Goth forth anon with Dorigen,' he sayde.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)6480 : Þi neiȝebores wif with wronge þou naue, Nor beest of his Mayde ny knaue.
- ?a1400 Guy(1) (Sln 1044)625/51 : Swete Felice þan axede drynke; A mayde brouzt hir biforen Þe clare in þe bugle horn.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)4.59 : Ȝet he bet me þer-to and lyth bi my Mayde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.3900 : She hath his sheld..And it delyuereth..To a maide þat vppon hir abood.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2697 : Thou be large Unto the mayde that hir doth serve.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6346 : Somtyme a wommans cloth take I; Now am I a mayde, now lady.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)86a/a : For þi said Arnold þat humidite, beyng lord, & frigidite suple corrupt, beyng maide or seruant [Ch.(2): coldenesse þe seruant; L ancillans frigiditas], giffeþ life to fistule.
- (1461) LRed Bk.Bristol2.127 : No person..sett..his seid wyfe, doughter, or maide to no suche occupacion of weuyng.
- c1483(?a1450) OT in Caxton Gold.Leg.(Caxton)f.82va : She .. cutte of his heed .. and toke the heed & wrapped it in the canape and delyueryd it to her mayde.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)228 : This lady..hath take hir viage, And in hir companye..hir mayde and the old man.
4.
As adj. of a tree: unpollenated; -- used fig.
Associated quotations
- c1450 When the son (Frf 16)59 : Ther was no tre mayde ne steryle; Nature so them dyd ay forge and fyle ffro yere to yere so parfyt and fecunde.
5.
Cpds. & cmbs.: ~ girle, young woman, girl; ~ lond, the land of the Amazons; ~ lire, loss of virginity; ~ servaunt; ~ woman, a virgin.
Associated quotations
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)73/6,11 : Þe bame..ðet is meidenhod..oðer efter meidelure [Cai: maidlure; Corp-C: meiðlure; Tit: meidenlure] chaste clennesse..auh hit anonde meidelure mei leosen his holinesse.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)91/5 : Hordom, eaubruche, meidelure, & incest.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)108/2203 : Boute þe finde me maide wimman [vr. maiden þan]..Send me aȝen to me fon.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.12.18 : Þou & þy sone & douȝter, knaue seruant & maide seruant [WB(2): seruantesse; vr. womman seruaunt; L famula].
- a1425 Mannyng HS (Bod 415)4537 : Eury maydegerlde [Hrl:But ȝyf he be..At þe ale house..For to rage wyþ ylka fyle; gloss: maydgerle].
- a1450 Mandev.(3) (BodeMus 116)83/9 : Besyde that reume of Caldes is the reume of Amazon that we calle Maydelond [L terra feminarum].
6.
(a) In surnames; (b) in place names [see Smith PNElem. 2.31-2].
Associated quotations
a
- (1185) in Pipe R.Soc.34199 : Abram Maide.
- (1198) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.987 : Robertus Maide.
- (c1269) Rec.Norwich 1215 : Hugonem Maydeloue.
- (1313) Sub.R.Glo.(1) in BGAS 19247 : Margeria Mayde.
- (1327) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10210 : Thom'de Maidelonde.
- (1334) Court R.Colchester 1131 : Joan Maydegod.
b
- (1198) in Ekwall Dict.EPN297 : Maidewelle.
- (1200) in Ekwall Dict.EPN297 : Meideford.
- (1227) EPNSoc.3 (Bedf.& Hnt.)71 : Meidebir'.
- (1248) in Ekwall Dict.EPN296 : Maydehuth.
- (1438) Deed Maxstoke in Archaeol.38277 : Unam parcillam terre vocatam Maydefurlonge.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)237 : He wes acende of þe clene mede þe efer þurh lefede mede.
Note: Add as 1st quote in 2.(a). (see thurghleven v.)--per REL