Middle English Dictionary Entry
lǒven v.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | lǒven v.(1) Also love, lovi(e(n, low(e(n, louf(e, luve(n, luf(e(n, luffe, (chiefly N) lof(e(n, (early) luvan, luvie(n, luvian, luviȝe(n, lufie(n, lufian, lufiæn, lufiȝe(n, lufiȝenne, loveie(n, (chiefly SW) lofvie, loviȝe, lowien, (error) livien. Forms: sg.2 lǒvest, lufest, (N) lǒves, lǒffes, luves, lufes, luffes, (early) luvest, lufæst; sg.3 lǒveth, lǒves, lǒvet, lǒvieth, lufeth, (N & NM) lǒvies, luves, lufes, luffes, (error) lǒvest, (early) luveth, luvað, luvieth, luviȝeð, lufæð, lufat; pl.ind. lǒveth, lǒvet, lǒvieth, lǒweth, (chiefly N) lǒves, luves, lufes, luffes, lufs, (early) luvieth, luvied, luviȝeð, luvigeð, lufiæþ, lufiȝæþ, (SW) luveth, lofvieþ; pl.impv. (early) luvieth; p. lǒved(e, ? lōvede, lǒvet, lǒvied, lǒfed, lǒfde, lǒwed(e, lǒwet, luved(e, lufed(e, luffed(e, (N or NM) lǒfet, luvd, luffet, (early) lufode, (early SW) lǒfvede, lufde, (early pl.) luvedon, lufedon; ppl. i)lǒved, lǒvet, i)lǒwed, i)lǒfed, i)luved, i)lufed, luffed, (N) lufd, (NM) luffet, (early) ȝeluved, (early SW) ilǒfeð, iluvet. Contraction: lǒvestǒu (= lǒvest thǒu). |
Etymology | OE lufian. Some examples may belong to louen v. (4) or lō̆ven v.(2). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To feel affection or friendship for (sb., an animal), love; also, show love to (sb.), behave lovingly toward; (b) ~ hem, to love each other or one another, be or become friends; ~ hem togeder; ~ the (you, him, hem) self, love thyself (yourself, himself, themselves); ~ everi (oure) other, each (of us) love the other, love one another; everi (man) ~ other; (c) ppl. loved as adj.: loved, beloved; loved of (with), loved by (sb.); (d) ppl. loved as noun: a beloved, a friend.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.654 : He wæs swyðe Godes freond, & him luuede al þeode.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Forþi him luueden God & gode men.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)20/13 : Þe Fæder lufæð þa ðe ilyfæð on Crist.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)22/3 : Þæt ðe Fæder us lufiȝe.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3512 : He lufeþþ alle þa Þatt soþ clænnesse follȝhenn.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)125 : Þe mon þe ne luuað na his broðer, þe he isið.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)11072 : Swiðe he luuede [Otho: lofde] alcne cniht.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30936-7 : Penda..lufde [Otho: louede] Edwine; Edwine lufde hine.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)67/3 : Scal ic luuiȝe ðane euele mann?
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)65/199 : Luue þine euecristene.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)55/585 : Þu leddest þurh moyses þet tu se muchel luuedest.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)146/22,25 : Ȝef þu..luuest se inwardliche alle men & wummen..Vnnen þet al [Nero, Cai: alle] þe luueð [Tit: luues; Recl.: loueþ; Nero: luuieð; Cai: luuied] þe, luuede [Recl.: loued; Nero, Cai: luueden] ham.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)132/7 : Muchel luuede [Tit: luues; Recl.: loued] he þeo kulure, ðet he swuche holes makede.
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)17 : Wel owe we þe luuien, mi swete lefdi.
- a1275(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Trin-C B.14.39)130/575 : Þenne sulen þe lowien leden alle.
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)626 : As ich habbe eu yluued.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)822 : Mambre wið excol and anel ðor luueden Abram ful wel.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)714-5 : Ich þe louie [B vr. loue] as þe man þat my fader is, & euere abbe iloued as mi fader.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2001 : Þou louedest him neuer aday Bot for þi nemes loue.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.43 : Þai spredden out to lowen [F a amer] her enemyes & forto bydde for hem.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.152 : I haue an aungel, which that loueth me.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1196 : For in this world he loued no man so.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.311 : He loved [Higd.(2): luffede] þe clergie.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14597 : Quom me luuand [Göt: louand] haue i þar.
- a1400 Cursor (Phys-E)23336 : If fader saw his son þar..Or frend he lufd had al his lif.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.9 : He luffed wele þe Bretons.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.31 : Shal no lewidnesse hym lette, þe lede þat I louye [vrr. loue, luffe], Þat he ne worþ ferst auauncid.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.1317 : O broþer myn, whom þat I louede so, Haue now pite.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)3225 : Or if þair frendes, þat luffes þam wele, For þam here pray.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.Lear (Göt Hist 740)44 : My doughter, say we nowe Me in hert howe mykyll loffys þowe.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.Lear (Göt Hist 740)471 : I þe askyd and enquered Qwat þoue me lofed wyth wylles fre.
- ?a1425 Man þus on rode (RwlPoet 175)4 : Man, I luf þe ouer all thing.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2286 : To sen hire syster, that she loveth so.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)38/24 : This prynce hade grete envy to þis phicsiene bi-cause þat Alexander luffede hym so passandly.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)187 : He hadde a manere gelozye To hys marchauntes and lowede hem hartelye.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.43 : Wold thou luffe him aure alle thing?
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)881/7 : Now may ye se a remembrance that I love you, for ye shall never se thys shylde but ye shall thynke one me.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.70.48a : Who so weniþ þanne him self for to ben a perfit foluere of Cristes techinge..and kan nouȝt folue Crist..in þis charite for to lofen his euencristene..he bigiliþ him self.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)56 : He was a derlynge to the kynge, Hym lovyed above all oþer þinge.
b
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)7 : Ȝef..we luuien ure efrec oðer us bi-twenen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8322 : Æfter muchele hatinge, hehȝe men heom luuede.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)219 : For þi bed [read: beð] alle man ibroþren and isustren, and solden auerihc man loueien oþer.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)37/26 : Hu miht ðu luuiȝen ðine nexte al swa ðe seluen ðane þu ne luuest noht þe seluen?
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)32/10 : Ich leote ham..trewliche luuien ham wiðuten uuel wilnunge.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)50/5 : As ȝe luuieð [Roy: ȝe luueð] ow seolf.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)286 : Ne og ur non oðer to sunen, oc eurilc luuen oðer.
- c1330 Le Freine (Auch)30 : In þe west cuntre woned tvay kniȝteþ [read: kniȝtes] & loued hem wele in al riȝtes.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)139/10 : Kende wyle þet þe lambren louie ham togidere.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Tim.3.2 : Men schulen be louynge hem silf [L seipsos amantes].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.203 : How sholde they louen hem togidre in the peyne of helle?
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)296a/a : Swyne louen euerich oþer & knowen euerich oþer voice.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)11051 : Þese ladyes loued hem so welle, Eiþer to oþer her wille dud telle.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)294/4 : For he þat loueþ himsilf wiþ vnordynat loue is depryued fro þe loue of me.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)122/28 : We seen greet resouns..þat a man loue him silf excellently.
c
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1154 : Willelm de Walteuile is..god clerc & god man & wæl luued of þe kinge & of alle gode men.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1104 : Tristrem was loued þare.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)2 Pet.1.17 : This is my loued [L dilectus] sone, in whom I haue plesid to me.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)12874 : Þis is my loued son so dere.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)42/27 : Sho salle be besy more to be luuid þan to be dredde.
- (c1434) Ffor þu art (BodLTh d.1)3 : Þou art wel loued of moo.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)49/27 : So haue I mad þe worthy to me, onys louyd & euyrmor lovyd wyth me.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)145 : Þe eyȝt man was Mathu, þat is myche yloued [vr. luffede].
- c1450(a1400) Orolog.Sap.(Dc 114)361/14 : My loued frende, I see þat þy sorow is ful grete.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8105 : That was so conyng of clergy..Myche louet with the lordes.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12954 : And so luffet was the lede in the lond þan.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3425 : I maynly ȝow swere..be my lufed [Dub: lofyd] modire.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)45/58 : Ther may no man love bettyr his childe þan Isaac is lovyd of me.
d
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)87/22 : Þer spekys þe lufyd to þe hart of þe lufar, als wer a schamefull lufar þat his lemman befor men halsys not nor frendely.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)176 : Wherfore it folewiþ þat to whom euere and to how manye euere persoonys, þe loved of þee, lord, is ooned in love and frendschip, to alle þe same þou muste needis be ooned in love and freendschip.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)496 : Þis man louyþ an oþer for þe louedis sake.
- a1450(1412) Glade in god þis (Dgb 102)98 : My loued in helle y souȝt.
2.
(a) To love (God, Christ), worship and obey; (b) ppl. loved, beloved (Christ); lovinge, having love for (Christ); ~ and leven, leven and ~, bileven and ~ in, to love and believe in (God, Christ); ~ and dreden (douten), love and fear; ~ and folwen, love and obey; ~ and liken, love and take pleasure in; ~ and trusten, love and trust; (c) to love or serve (a pagan deity); (d) to love (one's king, lord, or master), be loyal to and serve; ppl. loved, loved as a ruler or master.
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.656 : Ða þa kyning..heot seonden geond al hi [read: his] þeode..æfter alle þa þe Gode luuedon.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.Quadr.(Bod 343)44/14 : Ic lufiȝe þa ðe me lufiȝæþ.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)12/31 : Ȝe lufeden me, & ȝe ilyfdon þæt ic from Gode ferde.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)20/11,26 : Ȝe lufedon me..ȝif þu hine lufæst.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)68/6 : Swa swa Crist sylf behet þam ðe hine lufiæð.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)86/9 : Þæt he lufie God.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)132/13 : Þæt we lufien ure Drihten.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3602 : Þa gode menn þatt lufenn Crist.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)7747 : Uss Birrþ ure Drihhtin cnawenn & lufenn himm.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)99 : We sculen lufian god ofer alle oðer þing.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)11 : Hine ȝe scule..luuian mid al euwer heorte.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)37 : Sume men ledeð clene liflode and..luuigeð god.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)39/30 : Mani mann seið mid wordes þat he godd luueð.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)147/21 : Hlauerd godd..ich ðe habbe ȝe-luued.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)49/9,11 : Ha ne mei iseo godd mid gastelich sihðe, ne..icnawen &..ouer alle þing luuien [Recl.: louen]; for, efter þet me cnaweð his muchele godnesse..me luueð [Tit: mon luues; Recl.: men louen] him mare oðer leasse.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Nero A.14)200 : Ler me for to louien [Lamb: louie] þe, liuiinde louerd.
- a1300 Leuedi sainte (Add 27909)28 : Luuie god almichti & of him habbe drede.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)18387 : Bi-hote we him on lifue þat we hine loueie wolleþ.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3586 : Goð me to, Alle ðe god luuen so!
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)2221 : Peter, louestou me?
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)87/51 : Þe ferste hys for to louye god.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.111 : Þe voice of hem þat harpen bitokneþ hem þat louen [vrr. lufen, loueþ] god suetelich in þis lyue.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.8.3 : If ony man loueth [L diligit] God, this is knowun of him.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.533 : God loued he best with al his hoole herte.
- c1390 Ihesu þi swetnes (Vrn)94 : For my loue his deþ was diht..loue [vr. luf] him trewely I schulde þerfore.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)11618 : Þe lauerd agh yee worthli to lufe.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)3189 : Wel louestou [Vsp: þou luues] him.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1066 : If þou wyl..lelly lovy þy Lorde.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)51 : Þe creatours þat er dom..er bughsom To lof hym.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1098 : A man may noght Goddes servand be..Ne lofe God bot [he] þe world despise.
- ?a1425 Man þus on rode (RwlPoet 175)8 : Man, full dere I haue þe boght; How es it so þou lufes me noght?
- c1440(a1349) Rolle Bee (Thrn)54/7 : Ryghtwyse men þat lufes God are never in ydyllnes.
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)102/209 : His ryghtwysnes wil þat al þat lufed [vr. lofid] hym noght be ay lyvand in fyre.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)3/15 : Goostli ioie comeþ..of loue, aftir þat men or wymen loueþ oure Lord lesse or more.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)545 : Loke þat þow..lowe welle god.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.88.59b : Als mikil as þou louest God..so mikil is þi sowle.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)3 : Þerfor seiþ Crist to Petre..'Simon, of Jon, lufist þu me?'
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)119/34 : He lowid [vr. leuet] god and his service.
b
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)141 : Ðas word munegeð us þat we..luuen and fulien ure drihten.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)11/103 : Ȝef he wul luuien & leuen godd al mihti, þenne mei he [speoken] þrof.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)951 : Nis him no derure for to adweschen feole þen fewe biforen þeo þet him riht leueð & luuieð.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)209/27 : Alle þe him inwardliche leueð & luuieð [Tit: luues & leues].
- a1275(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Trin-C B.14.39)74/43 : Þad we alle dredin..crist, lovin [vr. luuyen] him & likin.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4442 : Þus can godd help man in nede, Namli þat wil him luue and dred.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)17.34 : To byleue and louye in o lorde almyȝty.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)3/5 : Þa þat luuis god & dutes hym.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)39/22 : Alle thre Personys..informyd hir..how sche xuld lofe hym, worshepyn hym, & dredyn hym.
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle þi ioy (Cmb Dd.5.64)35 : Joy in þi brest es bredde when þou ert hym lufand.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)6 : But if þou wilt ouercome al, stilly praie and pacientli abide þi loued Iesu Crist.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)45 : If þei lofid and trostid him [Christ] aboue þe wark of þer hondis.
c
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)11/109 : Mi deore leafdi, þe deorewurðe diane, þet ich muche luuie.
d
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)235 : And þis is seo king þe wile wite, an alle his underþeode, wa hine lufeð and hwa hine hateð.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)11306 : Ich þe wulle luuien [Otho: lofuie] & halden þe for lauerd.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13644 : Ich habbe..ibeon eower kinges stiwærd..& iluued hine swa mi lif.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)22166 : We þe sculleð luuien [Otho: louie], hælden þe for lauer [read: lauerd].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)31152 : Cadwalan gan liðe wide ȝeond þis londe alle þa hine lufeden.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)190 : Þe pore & þe riche louieþ him alle.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)13641 : Ich habbe þane king iloued more þan mi seolue.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)30 : It was a king bi are dawes..Hym louede yung, him louede holde.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)839 : Sir king, god loke þe, As y þe loue and an And þou hast serued to me!
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.309 : Thow louest me, I woot it wel certeyn, And art my feithful lige man ybore.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)74a/a : He [a cruel lord] desiriþ more to be I-drad þan I-loued.
- c1425(?a1400) Arthur (Lngl 55)36 : Arthour anon was y-crowned..hys ȝyftes gentyll Maked hym y-loved wyll.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)352 : Her neyuy [read: meyny] lovy her euer ilke one.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)137/24 : Of god he shall haue grace, And of his Pepill shal be wyrchippyd, ylowid, and ydreddyd.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)140/12 : He sholde ham amoneste..to obey..hare kynge, and trewely lowe.
3.
(a) To feel the emotion of love; behave in a loving manner; ~ togeder, togeder ~, love each other or one another; ~ with, ben loved with, love (sb.); (b) ppl. lovinge, as adj.: loving, affectionate, kind, friendly; (c) ppl. lovinge, as noun: one who loves or is loved, a friend; -- often used of Jesus.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)209/25 : Nu [?read: Ne] con þes luuien [Tit: luue] þe þus spekeð & þus deð.
- a1300 Edi beo þu (Corp-O 59)45 : Nis non maiden under sunne..þat swo derne louiȝe kunne.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)87/44 : Syker þou be To louye wyþ þy myȝte.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)145/18 : Mochil is grat scele þet we to-gidere louie.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 13.34 : I ȝyue to ȝou a newe maundement, that ȝe loue to gidere [L diligatis invicem].
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Roy 1.B.6)1 John 3.18 : Loue we not in word, nether in tunge, but in werk and treuthe.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1198 : So wel they loued, as olde bookes seyn, That whan that oon was deed..His felawe wente and soghte hym doun in helle.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.373 : It is i-seide þat it is spedful þat frendes love [vr. lovye] wel.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.389 : Bot ther I love, ther I holde.
- a1400(c1250) Floris (Eg 2862)29 : Þe children louyd togeder soo.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9729 : Sa wel i am, ya, luued with þe Þat þi wisdom man clepes me.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.308 : Þe trust of peple is feint and vntrewe..To-day þei loue, to-morwe it is gon.
- ?a1425 Const.Masonry(1) (Roy 17.A.1)42 : Uchon schulle..love togeder as syster and brothur.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)189/24 : And þe moore a soule knoweth, þe moore it loueth; and þe moore it loueþ, þe moore it knowiþ.
- c1425 *Wycl.Concord.(Roy 17.B.1)92a : He þat loueþ not knowiþ not god, firste pistle of io., fourþe cap.
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle Luf es lyf (Cmb Dd.5.64)4 : If þou wil luf þus as I say, þou may be wyth þe beste.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)19 : And oftsiþis falliþ þat two persoones, be it men or wommen, louen to-gidere.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)41/17 : Þer was ij merchandis..þat..luffid passandlie wele to-gedur.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)275/5 : Ather of þaim war passand besy to fynd resons..to prefer þe Saynt Iohn þat he luffid with.
- (a1460) DSPhilos.(Helm)243/24 : Sone, loke thu fellaship with hem that bene loued with God [Scrope: with tho þat louethe God].
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)3 : If he be conuicted not to luf, ne to do þe office of Crist, in þis he is conuict not to be his vicar.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)124 : Moche thei to-geder loveden.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)29/283 : Ne for leaf þu me nawt, luuiende lauerd.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Lamb 487)185 : Let me beo mi [read: þi] leofmon..louende louerd.
- c1390 Talking LGod (Vrn)40/24 : Lere me forte loue þe, louynde lord.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.202 : And the louynge children..wolden euerich of hem eten oother if they myghte.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)70a/a : A womman is more mylde þan a man & is more enuyous & more louynge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)73a/b : A seruaunt þat is louynge [L affectuosus] in his lordis seruice is alwey redy wiþ his hond.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)27406 : Lufand he be nent godd and man.
- a1400 Sluggy & slowe (Lamb 523)5 : Sanguineus: Delyberall Y am, lowynge and gladde.
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)8/19 : A soule comeþ fro inparfyte loue, & comeþ to a parfyte frendly & a louynge loue.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2097 : My dere sonys, so lovyng & so kynde.
- c1425 Contempl.DLGod (Mdst Mus.6)15 (I.5) : It is a gret goodnes..þat þou be louing to þin enemy, and þat þou wille him good.
- (1438) Will Norwich in Nrf.Archaeol.4331 : Margar, my wyf, is nowghte lovynge to me ne to noon of my kynne.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)424 : But soþeli, louyngist lord, þi loueful forþ schewingis..ben so habundaunt.
- a1450(a1396) Hilton CPerf.(Paris angl.41)6 : Oure swete Lord Iesu Crist is..drawen in-to a louynge [vrr. louende; loued] soule.
- a1450(a1401) Chastising GC (Bod 505)91/19 : Oure lord chastiseþ his children, bi ensample of þe modir and hir louynge child.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)13/26 : He was louand to God & his body to his soule so free þat noþing myȝt harme hym.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)6.100 : Of hir modur goodly gan him take, Of lovyng hert and grete deuocion.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2:Peacock)1585 : Louynge serues and godely speche Agayn enuye ys helpe and leche.
- (1460) Paston3.207 : I wolde be to them as lowyng and as wele willyng as I gan.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)4.53 : Hanibal..segede a cite..Saguntum, moste luffenge [Trev.: moste frend; L amicissimam] to the Romanes.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)1321 : He was to them so trew And so loving.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)43/102 : Who would not be glad that had A child so lufand as thou art?
c
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)75/34 : Þis is þet lyf of þe wel louiynde.
- c1390 Talking LGod (Vrn)26/15 : Ihesu, my derworþe lord..Mi deoring, Mi louyng..Swettore art þou þen hony.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14313 : Þi lufand [Göt: luuand; Frf: seruande] þus, qui let þou dei?
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)14597 : Na wele louande [Trin-C: Fewe men louynge] haue I þare.
- a1400 Rolle Encom.Jesu (Hrl 1022)188 : Þis name Ihesu..fylles þo lufand [vr. luffande] of gastle Ioy.
- c1400 Ihesu my lefe (BodDon c.13)7 : Ay to dwelle with my louynge..It thirlis fast in my thynking.
- c1440 Ihesu cryste saynte (Thrn)57 : Ihesu, my Ioy and my louynge.
- a1450(?a1349) ?Rolle Luf es lyf (Cmb Dd.5.64)56 : For me and my lufyng, lufe makes bath be ane.
4.
(a) To love (sth.), be attached to or fond of; love (wealth, the world, a thing, place, soul, dead body, etc.); also, desire (sth.); ~ name, love [?praise; cp. loven v. (2)] the name (of sb.); (b) to enjoy (sth.) with the senses, take pleasure in (clothes, food, smells, musical instruments, etc.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.656 : On his time wæx þet abbodrice Medeshamstede swiðe rice..Þa luuede se kining hit swiðe.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)5/15 : Þus þu ert nu ilufed seoþþen þu me forlure.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)15 : Þu aȝest luuan heore saule.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2120 : Þat is þat wilde lond Þat Welsce men luuieð [Otho: louieþ].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8048 : Þa burh ich luuie [Otho: lofuie] swuðe.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)69/15,30 : Ȝeure michele wele, ðe ȝie michel ȝitsið and luuieð and likeð..Walewa ðas siðes, þat ani mann..scall liuien [read: luuien] more ðe scaftes ðe godd ȝescop ðanne he do his sceppend.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)6055 : Þe borh he swiþe louede.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)6/3 : Aye þise heste zeneȝeþ þo þet to moche louieþ hire guod.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.173 : Þai shullen ben sett al aboute..þe Cite þat god loueþ.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)6.149 : He lovede more þe chirche of Lyndefarn.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)3.121 : Wyues and widewes wantounesse heo techeþ, Lereþ hem lecherie þat loueþ [vrr. louet, louen, lufys, loueden; C: louyeþ] hire ȝiftes.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Co.(Manly-Rickert)A.4376 : He loued bet the tauerne than the shoppe.
- a1400 Rolle Encom.Jesu (Hrl 1022)188 : Alle sal Ioy þat lufs [vr. lufes] þi name..þe ryghtwyse has deseruid to be blyssud yf þo name of Ihesu trewle he haue lufed [vr. luffede].
- c1400 *Bk.Mother (LdMisc 210)8/2 : A soule þat loueth propurte haþ gostly a corner þat þe deuel ocupieþ.
- a1425(?a1400) Penny (Glb E.9)110 : He lenkithes life, and saues fro dede, bot luf it noght ouer wele, I rede, fro [read: for] sin of coueityse.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1091 : That stoon was gretly for to love [F a aimer].
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5372 : His good is loved, and he right nought.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.Lear (Göt Hist 740)72 : Erthly thyng lofyt scho neuyr mare.
- a1450 SLeg.Fran.(2) (Bod 779)150 : Þou dest amys to take me eny erþeliche gode; Ine louye hit nouȝt I-wis.
- a1450 SLeg.Fran.(2) (Bod 779)260 : Who-so loueþ wel þis world, Iwis he louyeþ a chrewe.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.43 : He luffis nothing mare.
- a1500 *Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)120/20 : He..manaced all suche that louet not the worlde.
b
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)2/11 : Hwar beoþ nu þine wæde þe þ[u] wel lufedest?
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)17027 : Þe wælle he lufode [Otho: lofuede] & ofte hine þer inne baðede.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)99 : It warð on eches muð wat mete se he mest luuede.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)53/5 : Þis beoð nu twa þinges þe beoð iluuet [Nero: iluued] swiðe: swete speche ant schene wlite.
- a1250 Lofsong Lefdi (Nero A.14)205 : Ich habbe..iloued swote smelles.
- a1300 Trin-C.Prov.(Trin-C O.2.45)7 : Cat lufat visch, ac he nele his feth wete.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)487 : Ho þat..haþ þerof ioye mai luue flures.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.206 : A fat swan loued he best of any roost.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.619 : So newefangel been they of hir mete And louen nouelries of propre kynde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)317a/b : Also þe bere loueþ hony most of ony þing.
- a1400(c1250) Floris (Eg 2862)129 : So muche sorow he haþ noome Þat he loueth mete ne drynke.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)313 : The Flemmynges..lowen beste bacon and bere.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)4.393 : This Nero luffede gretely instrumentes musicalle.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)51b/b : He loueþ hote metis and moist & namely soden.
5.
(a) To love (an action, a practice, a way of life); be emotionally attached or attracted to; also, look forward with pleasure to (an event), desire (someone's coming); as me lovede tho, as one liked it then, as was then the custom; (b) to enjoy (an action, amusement, a practice, sport, sin, etc.) with the senses; delight in (an action, etc.); (c) med. & surg. ben loved to (of), of a remedy or treatment: to be approved by (sb.), be highly regarded by (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- 1123 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1123 : Ðis wæs eall ear gedon ðurh se biscop of Seresbyrig & þurh se biscop of Lincolne..forði þet næfre ne luueden hi munece regol.
- c1175(OE) Bod.Hom.Dom.Quadr.(Bod 343)44/28 : Þa festene beoð hihtlice to lufiȝenne.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)54/15 : Mon sceal lufian haliȝe weccæn.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)56/24 : We sculon..fæsten lufiȝen.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)73/32 : Ðese twa lif, hermite and ansæte lif..wæren swiðe iluuede and iheiȝed.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)137/18 : For ði aȝen alle ðe mid him þenken to wunien michel to luuien fasten.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)7/63 : He ȝette him al þet he walde & lette, as me luuede þa, leaden him i cure up o fowr hweoles.
- a1250(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(*Glb A.19-James)72/20 : Wel he luvede ȝodes werc.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Tim.4.8 : A crowne of riȝtwysnesse is kept to me..not oonly to me, but and to these that louen his comyng.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.45 : Fro the tyme that he first bigan To riden out, he loued chiualrye.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)275 : He watz famed for fre þat feȝt loved best.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1053 : He lovyes clene layk.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)21 : Bolde bredden þer-inne, baret þat lofden.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2223 : For of nature þei loue no longe processe.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.196 : Confessioun of treuþe is to be loved of Goddis knyȝtis.
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)30/8 : Grete labour þa haue lowyd [L amauerunt].
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)158/23-4 : Þat thyng þat I lofe best þei lofe not, & þat is schamys, despitys, scornys.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3768 : We lufe ȝour comyng.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)57b/b : And loke þou loue noon harde curis.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)52/16 : Þe mon..næfre æft þæt unriht ne þurhtyhð þe he ær lufode.
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)2/2,4 : Þu were leas ond lutiȝ ond u[n]riht lufedest..Hwar is nu þe[o mo]dinesse swo muchel þe þu lufedæst?
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14481 : Þenne mihte þu..hired-plæie luuien.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)28840 : He luuede þane sunne þe lað is ure drihtene.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)106 : Ne luuede heo nane lihte plohen ne nane sotte songes.
- a1275 On hire is al (Trin-C B.14.39)23 : Ylouid [vr. Iluued] ic abbe gomin and gle.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)5 : While men loueden meri song, gamen, & feire tale.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)14356 : And þorh þisne ilke game, þe lawe come to londe, wassayl and dring-hayl, þat mani men lofuieþ.
- c1300 SLeg.Chris.(Hrl 2277)18 : Þe kyng louede melodie of harpe & of songe.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7698 : Game of houndes he louede inou, & of wilde best.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1881 : Þat minstrel..Schal haue an hundred pounde..for þou louest his gle.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.166 : A monk ther was..An outridere that louede venerye.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Co.(Manly-Rickert)A.4420 : He sente his bed..Vnto a compeer..That loued dys and reuel and disport.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.437 : For lewed peple louen tales olde.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.592 : For his desport he loueth daliaunce.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4284 : For o quat pine es herder threst Þen tharn þe thing men luues [Frf: louis; Trin-C: loue] best?
- a1450 I have a ȝong suster (Sln 2593)27 : Quan þe maydyn haȝt þat che louit, che is with-out longing.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)170/282 : But game he hadde..Where-so he sawe..Beres or bolles fyght to-gedere, For soche game louid his fadere.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)78 : The emperour..myche loued playnge.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)113/21 : Þis man ys lycherous, deceyuant, and loufand lecherye.
- a1500 Tundale (Adv 19.3.1)1435 : Mony mo hydour schulle come..That..lowyth synne and cursyd warkys.
c
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)59a/a : In þis case clisteriez beþ loued to [*Ch.(2): of] Auicen.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)90a/b : Deriuacion forsoþ of þe materie to þe pipez of þe noseþrillez, which Arnold praiseþ, wiþ caputpurgiez is luffed [L est..dilecta] to me.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)108a/a : Vse he mellicrate, i. meþe, & if it wer wiþ diuretic, it war kynd or luffed [L gratum esset] to Auicen.
6.
(a) To love (life, death, a quality, condition, virtue, vice, etc.); ~ name, care for (one's) reputation; (b) to love (laws, a religion); ~ wille, wish to follow (one's own) will or desire.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)76/4 : Ne lufe þu þis lif.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4980 : Þiss mahhte tredeþþ unnderrfot All modiȝnessess strenncþe Ȝiff þatt iss þatt tu lufesst [vr. luvesst] itt.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)19 : Þe licome luuað muchele slanðe [read: slauðe].
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)59/26 : Hwa is þat..of ȝeu, ðe luuiȝeð swa swiðe ðis scorte lif?
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)107/20 : Also deð ðis haliȝe mihte alle ðes mannes ðeawes ðe hes luuiȝeð and healden cann.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)123/26 : Clannesse..is inne godes huse swiðe ȝeluued.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)129/31 : Luuieð sibsumnesse and halidom.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)143/14 : Ancres..annesse aȝen to luuen.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)228 : Þes heouenliche lauerd luueð treowe bileaue.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)146/18 : Þi salue hit [love] is, ȝef þu hit luuest [Tit: luues; Recl.: loues], aȝein sawle hurtes.
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)203/14 : Þu luuest chaste cleannesse.
- a1250(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Mdst A.13)89/158 : For þanne he his lif alre best luueþ, þanne scal he leten lif his oȝen.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)230 : Hit luueþ [Jes-O: luuyeþ] þuster & hatiet liȝt.
- c1300 SLeg.Fran.(1) (LdMisc 108)458 : Þe lauerke is a foul þat muche louez liȝht.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)133/8 : Moche louede þise pouerte þe riche king of heuene.
- c1350 Apoc.(1) in LuSE (Hrl 874)p.94 : Þai ne han nouȝth loued her lijf vnto þe deþ.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)8.25 : Þis Henry..loved wel pees and quyet.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.699-700 : Mercurie loueth wysdam and science, And Venus loueth riot and dispence.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)192a/a : Þey [the Scots] louen nyȝe as wele deþ as þraldame.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)267b/a : Suche serpentes..loueþ hete and humour.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1948 : To doghty thues lok þou þe gif, To lof [Göt: luue; Frf: loue] leute quils þou mai lif.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15212 : Ihesus comme..Þat littel luued [Göt: luud; Trin-C: loved] pride.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)6.104 : Þere arn seuene sistris þat treuþe louf [vrr. loueþ, louen; seruyn].
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2368 : Bot for ȝe lufed your lyf, þe lasse I yow blame.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)35b/a : Halde his wombe laxe; Luf [L diligant] he gladsomnez and tranquillite.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1812 : These Romeyn wyves lovede so here name..That, what for fer of sclaunder and drede of deth, She loste bothe at ones wit and breth.
- c1432-a1500(c1390) Chaucer L.St.(Robinson)27 : Dred God, do law, love trouthe and worthinesse.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)59/20 : Summe of hys paryschenys..louedyn þe worshep of her parysch chyrch.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)1018 : No wyght myghte do hir noo shame, She loved so wel hir owne name.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)394/7 : As þou luffis þi lyfe..sla þis childe.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)7.25 : The erle..preide her, as sche luffed his lyfe, that sche scholde schewe..deformite in vesture.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)122/22 : He was..humbile, euer lowynge ryght and verite.
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3706 : He lufeþþ alle þa Þatt hise laȝhess haldenn, & lufenn, forr þe lufe off himm.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)10889 : Ic..scal..þa ilke men for-don þat luuieð [Otho: lofuieþ] þene cristindom.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)430 : Ha nalde..hare lahe luuien.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)135 : Ðu higtes to leuen on him & hise lages luuien.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)890 : Þat es who hir awn wil not lufes.
- ?a1475(a1396) *Hilton SP (Hrl 6579)1.21.14a : Also þe bihouiþ lufen and wurschipen in þin herte alle [þe] lawes and ordeinaunces.
7.
(a) To love (to do sth.), enjoy (doing sth.); wish (to be or do or have sth.); desire (that sth. be or be done, that one might do sth.); (b) in Biblical translation: be zealous for (sth.); be zealous; ~ for, be zealous for (God).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)122/26 : We wullæð lufiæn þæt we iseon moten ure Drihtines ansyne.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)254/25 : Yef þou louest to bi sobre and atempre..wyþdraȝ þine willes.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)162 : Ȝe þat louen & lyken to listen a-ni more..preieth a pater noster.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.643 : For god loueth bettre that frendshipe be amonges folk.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)284b/a : Þe dragoun loueþ to drynke þe elephantes blood to kele his brennyng hete.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)48 : Yn gamys & festys & at þe ale, Loue men to lestene troteuale.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)13.353 : How þat lechoures louyen lauȝen an iapen.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)403 : My Lorde ne louez not for to chyde.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)87 : He louied þe lasse Auþer to lenge lye or to longe sitte.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2099 : He is stiffe & sturne & to strike louies.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4792 : He..loued erly on morwe for to dyne.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1134 : He..loved well to have hors of prys.
- ?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)158a/b : But ouer alle þinge it is good þat a man be wele warre þat he loue not to take on honde to hele sores þat wille ben longe on helinge.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)12 : Ȝe that liste has to lyth or luffes for to here Off elders of alde tym..Herkynes me heyndly.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2318 : Here sall I tell þam at loues to here forthire.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)22/14 : This tale is gude to tell vnto þaim þat luffis to sklander þer evyn cristen.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)71/6 : Þer was a knyght..þat was a gude man & luffid wele for to herber pure folk.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)290/31 : He luffid wele to ride and bere armys.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)2 : He..lufith to be a prest.
- c1475(?c1451) Worcester Bk.Noblesse (Roy 18.B.22)52 : The said juge Boecius loved rightwisnesse to be kept.
- c1475 *Chartier Quad.(1) (UC 85)48/3 : They..ben enriched with oure goodys, the whiche louen [*CQ(2): louith] bettir to take a praye than the worship of the werres.
- c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)266 : I loue well to make mery.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)440 : He louyde hem not to be worldly riche.
- a1500 Bevis (Chet 8009)4/82 : He lovith not with me to rage.
- a1500 *Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)71/23 : Some..lefte that and loued better to continewe..their lordeship in a wele-rewled house.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Num.25.13 : He haþ loued for [L zelatus est pro] his god & haþ purged þe ydous synne of þe sonys of Irael.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.51.24 : Gretly I loouede good [L zelatus sum bonum], and I schal not be confoundid.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)75b : To luffe [Monson: Lufe]:..zelare.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)223 : Lufande:..zelans.
8.
(a) Of the parts and elements of the universe: to cling together in harmony; ~ togederes; (b) of plants: to grow well in (sth.), thrive on (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1763 : And if that Love aught lete his bridel go, Al that now loveth asondre sholde lepe.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.8.19 : And yif this love slakede the bridelis, alle thynges that now loven hem togidres [L Quidquid nunc amat inuicem] wolden make batayle contynuely and stryven to fordo the fassoun of this world.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)225b/a : Þe bene..louest [read: loueþ] most water while he bloweþ.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)252a/a : Þe tre þat bereþ thus groweþ wiþoute tilyinge & loueþ cley londe.
9.
(a) To love (sb. of the opposite sex), love (one's husband, wife, mistress, etc.); also, show affection for (sb.), behave lovingly toward; also, make love to (sb.), copulate with (sb.), etc.; (b) ~ life, to love (a living person); ~ paramour(s, love (sb.) with sexual love; also, have sexual relations with (sb.); also fig.; ~ togeder, have sexual relations with (sb.); (c) used without object: to be in love, make love; also, have intercourse; ~ paramour(s; ~ togeder(es, be mutually in love, make love together, have intercourse; ~ samen, have a sexual relationship together; -- used fig.; (d) ~ love, to feel love; make love; (e) ppl. lovinge, loving, amorous; ppl. loved, loved, beloved; as noun: one who is loved.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6178 : Þin macche birrþ þe lufenn wel.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)156 : Ah Turnus..lufede þet maiden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)168 : Þa wes Turnus sari..for he heo heuede swiþe ilofeð [read: ilofed].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)18732 : Þu luuest [Otho: louest] Ygærne.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)7/54 : Elewsius, þet luuede hire, þuhte swðe longe þet ha neren to brudlac & to bed ibrohte.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1341 : For god wif mai ispusing Bet luuien hite oȝene were.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)214 : Þou canst in boure louie me derne.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)304 : Ihc habbe þe luued [vrr. loued, y-loued] stronge.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)743 : And for he luuede so muche þat mai, Al wepinge he turnde away.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)181/9 : He gan to louien hire in folie.
- a1350 When þe nyhtegale (Hrl 2253)19 : Suete lemmon, y preȝe þe þou louie me a stounde.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)4/64 : A wolde me louen dai and niȝt.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)989 : Seþþe he so lelly þe loues, to lemman him þou take.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1408 : A knyȝt þar was of fraunce þat sche hadde longe y-loued.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1143 : And now thow woldest falsly been aboute To loue my lady whom I loue and serue.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.269 : Þat child Attis..þilke goddes Cybele loued [Higd.(2): luffedde] wiþ all her myȝt.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)B.3710 : I loue another, and ellis I were to blame.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2323 : Yow loue I best, and shal and oother noon.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)7434 : Foul ys þat lust and þat peryl, To loue here þat al men go tyl.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13050 : Þou luues [Göt: loues; Trin-C: louest] hir, yaa, again þi liue.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.561 : He hir loued with hert and hool entent.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)1164 : Sen I first of þe had syght, Have I þe lufed with al my might.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.720 : For love of hym thow lovedest in the shawe, I meene Adoun, that with the boor was slawe.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)604 : Hym thoughte there nas nothyng to hym so due As Cleopatras for to love and serve.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3547 : His triet lady..he luffit so lelly.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8030 : He louit hir full lelly.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)174 : My lady, my leman, þat I hafe luffede euer.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)36/5 : He loves an othre bettre by the halfe.
- a1475 Have all (Brog 2.1)2 : Have all my hert & be in peys, And þink I lowfe yow ferwently.
- a1475 Honowre wit (Brog 2.1)11 : I lowet neuer non halfe soo welle.
- a1500 Gracius and gay (DubNLI D.1435)14 : Sche ys swett vnder schett; I low hyr and no mo.
- 1532(?a1400) RRose (Thynne)1478 : She him tolde That if he her loven nolde, That her behoved nedes dye.
b
- a1300(c1250) Floris (Vit D.3)65 : Þar lay suete Blancheflur, Floyres louede par amur.
- a1350 My deþ (Hrl 2253)26 : Y louede a clerk al par amours.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)43/21 : Uolk þet ne byeþ naȝt ine spoushod louieþ ham togidere folliche.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1155 : For par amour I loued hire first er thow.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1780 : Blame ȝe disserue ȝif ȝe luf not þat lyf þat ȝe lye nexte.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.3335 : Prouost of Rauenne..Aboue al women loued hir paramour.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)305 : Elayne, his ownn quene..Þat Paresche..paramours [vr. paramour] louede.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)4.237 : He did sle..the howsebonde of Salome, sustyr to hym, whom Saloma seide to luffe togedre inordinately.
- a1500(a1450) St.Robt.Knares.(Eg 3143)4 : God..That luffys all lele men paramoure.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)9 : She..bar hir on honde that she loved the holy man paramours.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)185 : He wes king & heo quen, & kine-lond heo welden..& freoliche loueden.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)7/58 : Nalde ha nawt lihten se lahe to luuien.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)34/33 : Ha mahen beon istopen in sotliche to luuien.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1345 : Maide mai..luuie mid rihte luue.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)486 : Ho þat luueþ par amur And haþ þer-of ioye.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)770 : Ðat folc luuede lecherlike.
- a1350 When þe nyhtegale (Hrl 2253)5 : Ich haue loued al þis ȝer, þat y may loue namore.
- a1350 Wiþ longyng (Hrl 2253)19 : To loue nuly noht wonde.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1693 : Þai loued wiþ al her miȝt.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1183 : Loue if thee list, for I loue and ay shal.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2112 : Ye knowen wel that euery lusty knyght That loueth paramours and hath his myght..They wolde hir thankes wilnen to be there.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.752 : To love is every herte fre.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.946 : He seyde he louede and was biloued no thyng.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)52 : For now is halden non in curs Bot qua þat luue can paramurs.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1795 : I may bot mourne vpon molde as may þat much louyes.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.520 : O thow woful Troilus..thow most loven thorugh thi destine.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.332 : Tel me..If that thow trowe, er this, that any wight Hath loved paramours as wel as thow?
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)1849 : Bot þe body and þe saul with þe lyfe Lufes mare samen þan man and hys wyfe.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2830 : Swete-Speche..hath..many a lady sent socour That have loved paramour.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)590 : That men shulde loven alwey causeles, Who can a resoun fynde or wit in that?
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)260 : He nys but a verray propre fol That loveth paramours to harde and hote.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)213 : This es it to luffe paramoures and lustis and litys.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)7185 : Long we haue loued to-gedre.
- a1450 Myne awen dere sone (Vsp D.13)163 : In any stede if þou sall lofe, Þe person fyrste, I rede, þou proue.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1045/17 : So they loved togydirs more hotter than they ded toforehonde.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)4177 : Loue may þei to-gidre wel Vertuously, as I the tel.
d
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)497/14 : Aythir complayned to other of there hote love that they loved La Beall Isode.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1252/10 : Thorow oure love that we have loved togydir ys my moste noble lorde slayne.
e
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1174 : Ghe was luued in so long lif.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.21.15,16 : Ȝif a man haue two wyuys, oon louyd [L dilectam] & anoþer odyous..he shal not mowyn þe sone of þe loued make ferst gotun.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.990 : Þe kyng..was to hir..Lovynge and trewe in al maner þing.
- c1450 ?C.d'Orl.Poems (Hrl 682)198/5897 : O fayre madame if so ye dare not, loo, On lovyng basse as forto geven me..I shalle right welle, lo, stele a two or thre.
- a1500(c1370) Chaucer Comp.L.(Benson-Robinson)80 : That bettre loved is noon, ne never shal.
10.
In proverbs and sayings [?last quot. a mistransl.].
Associated quotations
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)139/28 : Gladne ȝiuere luueð godd.
- a1300 A Mayde Cristes (Jes-O 29)50 : Monnes luue nys buten o stunde; nv he luueþ, nv he is sad.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1799 : Who may been a fool but if he loue?
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.269 : No þing is more ungracious þan a lovynge olde man [L nihil infelicius quam senex amans].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2832 : It is signe of a gentil herte whan a man loueth and desireth to haue a good name.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4510 : Qua leli luues [Frf: louys], for-gettes lat [Frf: noȝt].
- a1475 Friar & B.(Brog 2.1)p.62 : In olde termys it is fownd, 'He that lovythe me lovythe my hound And my servaunt also.'
- a1475 How GWife Pilgr.(Brog 2.1)36 : He wyll low ys scheppys flesche, that wettytt his bred in woll.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Lamb 633)192/30 : A lowing woman [L mulier diligens] ys a croun to hir spous.