Middle English Dictionary Entry

lō̆ng adj.(1)
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

1.
(a) Of space, distance: long, extensive, far-reaching; also fig. large, great; (b) of height or stature: tall, high; in epithets: ~ wille, leofwine ~; (c) longer than wide, elongated; ~ aristologie [see aristologie]; (d) far off, remote; (e) in phrases specifying a certain length; (f) in other phrases: a ~ mil, a mile or more; ~ wei (and space), for a long way; at the ~ wei, in the long run; haven ~ rop, to be free of restraint; ~ and brod (sid), brod and ~, large, spacious.
2a.
(a) Of periods of time: of great duration, long-lasting, long; (b) ~ age, considerable or mature age; of ~ age, of great age; also, long-lasting; ~ time, longevity; of ~ time, of long standing, long-lasting; of twelve houres ~, etc., twelve hours long, etc.; (c) ~ time (stounde, space, whil), a (bi, in, of) ~ time, a ~ whil (throu), throughout a long period of time, for a long time; (d) al (the, this, that) ~ dai, the (this) ~ dai, throughout the day, all day long; al (this) ~ night, al that ~ night, the ~ night over, of al the ~ night, throughout the night, all night long; a ~ houre, for a whole hour; al a ~ month, for a whole month; al (mani) ~ yeres, mani ~ yer (winter), for many years; mani on ~ dai, with ~ daies, for many a day, for a long time; bi ~ worldes, for ages; ~ time passed, long ago; also, after a long time; (e) impers. thinken ~, to seem long; hem thoughte al to ~, it seemed to them much too long; ~ hit thinketh us, it seems long to us, we grow impatient; thinke hit not to ~, may it not seem tedious; etc.; -- also with personal subject.
2b.
(a) Of points in time, of dates: distant, remote; ~ daies, remote deadlines for payment of debts [cp. dai 9. (a)]; ~ assise [see assise 10. (a)]; (b) ~ time, ~ time..afore, at a much earlier time, long before; ~ time agon, ~ time toforen this, long ago; of ~ time (agon, from a remote time, long since; (c) ~ nightes, late at night.
2c.
(a) Of a state, situation, process, etc.: long-lasting, protracted, persistent, extended; at ~ goinge, eventually; (b) occupying or requiring a long time; of spoken or written discourse: lengthy, elaborate; also, tedious; (c) everlasting, abiding, enduring; (d) of vowel or syllable quantity: long; of a line of verse: long; a ~, ā; e ~, ē; i ~, ī.
2d.
Slow, deliberate; dilatory; also, late, delayed.
3.
In cpds. & combs.: (a) ~ appel, a banana; ~ berded, having a long beard; ~ bot, a longboat; ~ boue, a longbow; also, a representation of one; ~ chaier [see chaier 1. (a)]; ~ cut [see cut n. (2) 1. (c)]; ~ finger, the middle finger; ~ flie, ?a locust; ~ fri-dai (fri-night) [cp. OE Langa-frige-dæg & ME fri-dai, fri-night]; ~ goune, a long outer robe [see also goune (a)]; ~ gut, the spleen [see also gut 1a. (b)]; ~ her, the long-haired one, the hare; ~ hom [see hom 2. (c)]; ~ hous [see hous la. (b)]; ~ hose, long stockings or leggings; ~ knif, a long dagger [see also knif 1. (e)]; ~ lastinge, continuance, durability; also, perseverance; ~ lote, ?a long-handled shovel or ladle [cp. MDu. loete]; ~ man, the middle finger; ~ renninge, running long distances; ~ sester, ?a large measure of beer; ~ setel, q.v.; ~ slepere, one who sleeps long or late; ~ spret = bou sprete; ~ sword, a long-bladed sword; ~ worm, a kind of intestinal parasite; (b) ~ berded (hered), having a long beard (long hair); ~ ihered [see ihered ppl.]; ~ lived, long-lived; also, having lived long, aged; ~ nailed, having long nails or claws; ~ piked, of shoes: fashioned with long, tapered toes; ~ shapen, elongated; of the human head: oblong, dolichocephalic; of a woman's sides: slender; ~ sided, having long sides; ~ tailed, having a long tail; ~ tailed flie, ?a locust; ~ warped, dolichocephalic.
4.
(a) In place names [see Smith PNElem. 2.15]; (b) in surnames.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)[ref here] : Þou deme of an vryn hauande regarde & consideracioun to þe state þat he is nowe in, and to þe state þat he was in langer or ȝisterday or tonyght, also hauand consideracioun to his myȝtes, to his age, [etc.].
Note: Additional quot. Editor's gloss: langer, comp. adj. ~ or 'for a greater period of time before'.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

Note: Med., etc. (sense 3.(a)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. longman.