Middle English Dictionary Entry

last(e adj. superlative
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Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

Note: Cp. lat(e, later(e, latest(e.
1.
(a) Latest, last, final; ~ idus, the ides of a month [see idus]; at the ~ endinge, in the end, at the last; bi the ~ ende, by the conclusion or sequel, by what happened afterward; ~ dai (ende), the final day (conclusion); (b) used of the close of someone's life; ~ age (elde), old age; ~ dai, the day of death; ~ ende (endinge, thing), death; also, the last part of one's life; ~ houre, the final hour of life; ~ wille, one's will, testament; (c) used of the end of the world; ~ assise (dom), the Last Judgment; ~ deth, the second death of the condemned at the Last Judgment; ~ ende (endinge), the end of the world; ~ dai(es, ~ houre, ~ tide, ~ times, ~ trompe, etc.; (d) ?much later; ~ daies; (e) ~ save (withouten) on, the last but one, the next to the last; two (seven) the ~, the last two (seven); the six ~, the last six.
2.
Most recent; ~ age (time), the age immediately before the present one; the ~ dai, yesterday; ?also, recently; mondai ~, last Monday; fridai nou ~, fridai ~ was, last Friday; ~ king, april the ~, etc.
3.
(a) Last in space; ~ ende, one of the extremities of the body, the last part of a figure on an astrelabe, the end of a thread or cord; also fig.; ~ gut, the last or lowest part of the intestines; two ~ fingeres, the last two fingers, the ring finger and the little finger; (b) furthest, most remote; ~ ende, the most distant part; ~ innere membres, the innermost organs of the body; ~ se, the sea at the far boundary of a country; ~ termes, furthest boundaries; ~ thinges of helle, the remotest depths of hell; (c) nearest in space; ~ boundes of helle, the uppermost boundaries of hell; ~ element, the element nearest to man.
4.
(a) Last in a book, treatise, poem, part of a book, etc.; ~ ende, ~ endinge; ~ save on, next to the last; (b) most recent in a book, etc.; last aforementioned; ~ seid, last mentioned.
5.
(a) Most extreme; greatest, best, worst; (b) humblest, lowest, basest.
6.
As noun or absol.: (a) the last or final man, thing, time, sin, curse, sacrament, etc.; [see also alder ~]; (b) the most recent man, the latest comer; (c) the last person or thing spatially; the last or lowest of a set of vertebrae; the last zodiacal sign in the sky; the last part of a sign on an astronomical instrument; the rear of an army; (d) the remotest heaven; (e) the last part of a book, chapter, or discussion; the last of a list of items discussed; twein ~, the last two; thre ~, the last three; (f) the greatest one, the highest, the supreme; (g) the humblest person, the lowest in rank.
7.
In phr.: at (the) ~, atte ~: (a) finally, at last, in the end; atte even ~, at the very last; [see also alder ~]; (b) at the end of one's life, at one's death; also, at the end of the world; (c) after a long time; after a while; forto at the ~ that, until the time that; (d) and again, and also, moreover; (e) as it turned out; (f) finally in space, furthest, remotest.
8.
In phr. or cpd.: a (than) ~, o ~: (a) at last, finally; [see also alast]; (b) after a time; afterward; (c) and again, furthermore.
9.
In phrases: (a) bi the ~, at the latest; (b) bi the ~, at last, in the end; (c) in the ~, ?in the last stage, ?in the utmost degree; in his (their) ~, at his (their) death, at the close of his (their) life; into ~, ?unto the last, ?to the fullest extent; (d) to the ~, at the end; to the end; to thi (unto mi) ~, to thy (my) death; unto mi (thi, his) ~, until my (thy, his) death; to mi ~, as long as I live; (e) to the ~, fully, completely.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)69a/a : Þe perilez & þe yuel accidentz ar abiden vn to 100 daies after Rogerinus; and after legestrez & Justicez to 4 daiez, for sich is þe laste terme of acutez; and after þe 4 Maistrez to 15, which is comon terme of acutez.
  • Note: Also see 165a/b for laste [L vltimus] terme of apostemez. Commune here appears to mean 'ordinary' [L communis]; laste here, contrasted with commune, seems to mean 'longest allowable' (period for the condition to obtain). We don't seem to have a gloss covering this.--per MJW.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.6ra (1.1) : In þe reyns it [urine] is decocte and digestede, þat is for to say soden and defiede, and þere he takeþ his fynal forme and his laste colour.
Note: Additional quot. Editor's gloss: ~ colour 'ultimate colour, final stage of colour development'.