Middle English Dictionary Entry
kīnd(e adj.
Entry Info
Forms | kīnd(e adj. Also kint, kin & kund(e, cunde, kuinde, cuinde & kẹ̄nde. |
Etymology | Cp. OE gecynde. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. ikinde adj.
1.
(a) In accordance with the ordinary course of nature, natural; ~ vertu of lif [see vertu]; (b) of bodily functions: normal, healthful; ~ colre [see colre 1b. (a)]; ~ hete [see hete n. (1) 3. (c)]; (c) innate, instinctive, characteristic; (d) required by nature, appropriate, suitable, proper; (e) of mental powers: native, inborn; ~ wit (craft, knouinge, skil, understondinge), natural reason (capable of discriminating useful from harmful, good from evil, of guiding conduct and constructing a natural philosophy); also, in a rudimentary way, as possessed by animals; also, the natural wisdom derived from the exercise of this faculty; ~ witted, possessing kind wit [see Quirk, JEGP 52.182-8].
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)563 : Ake bi-tweone somer and wynter..þanne is þe þondre kuynde [Hrl:Wright: cunde] Inov, and liȝtingue al-so.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)78 : Ðe daigening cam est [read: eft] a-gon; His firme kinde dei was a-gon..ðes frenkis men o france moal it nemnen 'un iur natural'.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5900 : Þat child fuled in is hond þat water..& dude is kunde fulþhede.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)27a/a : Þis spirit propirliche reuliþ & gouernyth þe kinde vertu [L virtutis naturalis] of lif.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)3.29 : Shal neuere brere bere beries as a vyne, No on croked kene þorne kynde fygys wexe.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.970 : Floures..Redressen hem ayein the sonne bright And spreden on hire kynde cours by rowe.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)7/155 : I twyne..The nighte euen fro þe day, so þat..ather in a kynde courese þaire gates for to go.
- c1450 Wimbledon Serm.(Hat 57)19/18 : Summe, ȝhe for þe most part, þat diȝen now a dayes diȝen bi for her kynde age of deeþ.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8797 : So hit [an embalming fluid] soght to the sydes & serchit with-in, And keppit hom full cleane in hor kynd hew, Þat as a lede vpon lyue to loke on þai ware.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.471 : Water quencheþ oure kynde [Higd.(2): naturalle; L naturalem] þurst.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)251a/a : Brede..is þe more hoote..for þe kynde hete þer of is y-strengþed by accidental hete of þe fuyre.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)31a/a : Colre..is double, natural and vnnatural..when þat a kynde [*Ch.(1): naturale; L naturalis] colre roteþ and is brente..soche is cleped brent by rotynge.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)58b/b : Pilowes..ben made to þe vndersettynge..to conforte þe kynde hete of þe vnioynede membre.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)240/36,38 : To kepe kynde hete..bettyr is to walke than ryde, that the kynde hette be y-confortid by the mevynge.
c
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)3662 : Kende hit is, wimman te be Schamfaste and ful of corteisie & hate dedes of fileinie.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.155 : Þanne þe Scottes turnede to hir kynde [L innatas] tresouns þat þey vseþ ofte, for in tresoun þey passeþ oþer men.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)5.177 : As serpent vndre floures Daryth full ofte..Of kynd malice tyll thay a tyme see To shede her venym.
- c1450 Lychefelde Comp.G.(Lamb 853)614 : Sweete lord, þinke..how kinde and propir it is to þee, On synful men..to haue mercy.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)106/7 : Þe Mule..stood on farre, and whenne he saw his meyster, by kynde techinge he com negh toward hym.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)137/25 : Thay, by kynde falsnes and vnstabilnes that in ham is, lytel tell of othys and of mansynge.
d
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9380 : He..Wroght heuen and erth..And..til alking thing he gafe þair kind scrud al for to haue.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.768 : How sholde a plaunte or lyves creature Lyve withouten his kynde noriture?
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)97/8 : [Walwort] is deemed expert and effectuale, and kynde & free to medicyne in many vsez.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)836 : Every thyng that is Out of hys kynde place..Moveth thidder for to goo.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)254/10 : Here ys a precyus medcyn..for senewys þat be drawne out of þe kynd place.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)171 : A noynte þer wyþ þe sekes face, & þat schal cece akyng, & do awey swellyng; for hyt ys kynd þyng þer fore.
- (a1475) Recipe Painting(2) in Archaeol.J.1 (Sln 73)154 : That the vessel stonde hote as in hors-dunge or in mattis or in good pese straw, but hors-dunge is the beste and most kinde therfor.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)55a/a : A kyndely þing schulde be kepid wiþ a þing þat is kynde þerto.
- a1500 Hrl.2378 Recipes (Hrl 2378)98/19 : Thenne must on..leten out the brised blod, and don In oynement that is kynde there-fore.
e
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)4098 : Myn elder son min eritage schul haue..as kinde skil it wold.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.227 : Men were first naked..and hadde no place..to kepe hem fro colde..þan by besynesse of kynde witte [Higd.(2): by naturalle reason; L naturali solertia] þey beþouȝt hem of buldynge; þerfore þey bulde hem smale cootes and cabans.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.217 : Meny þinges be..i-hud from manis knowleche..meny þinges passe þe knoweleche of man, and also meny þinges beeþ þat mowe be knowe by manis kynde wytt [L sensu hominis].
- c1390 Ihesu þi swetnes (Vrn)19 : Ȝif I for kyndenes schulde loue mi kinne..Bi kuynde [vr. kyndeli] skil I schulde biginne At him þat haþ me maad of nouht.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)1.127,130 : 'Yit haue I no kuynde knowing,' quod I, 'þou most teche me betere Bi what Craft in my Corps hit cumseþ..' 'Þou dotest daffe..Hit is a kuynde knowynge þat kenneþ þe in herte For to loue þi louerd leuere þen þi-seluen; No dedly sunne to do.'
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)2.4 : Teche me þe kuynde craft forte knowe þe false.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)7.231 : Kynde wyt wolde þat iche wiȝt wrouȝte Oþer wiþ teching, oþer telling or trauaillyng of hondis, Actif lif oþer contemplatif.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)9.103 : More kynde [vrr. kuynde, kende] knowyng I coueyte to lere, How dowel, dobet, & dobest don on þis erþe.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)3.282 : I conscience knowe þis, for kynde witt me it tauȝte Þat resoun shal regne.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)12.109,110 : Riȝt as syȝte serueth a man to se þe heighe strete, Riȝt so ledeth letterure lewed men to resoun; And as a blynde man in bataille..hath none happ..his enemye to hitte, Namore kan a kynde witted man, but clerkes hym teche, Come for al his kynde witte [C: kynde wyttes] to Crystendome and be saued.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)12.130 : Kynde witte cometh of alkynnes siȝtes Of bryddes and of bestes, of tastes of treuthe and of deceytes.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.357 : Þanne cam kynde wytte conscience to teche And..comaunded al crystene peple For to deluen a dyche depe a-boute vnite.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)1.142,144 : Conscience & kynde wit and knyȝt-hod to-gederes Caste þat þe comune sholde hure comunes fynde; Kyndewit & þe comune contreuede alle craftes [B: Þe comune contreued of kynde witte craftes].
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)6.56 : Clerkes þat aren crouned, of kynde vnderstondyng Sholde noþer swynke ne swete..Ne fyghte in no vauntwarde.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)15.72 : Kynde-wittede men han a cleregie by hem-selue; Of cloudes and of custumes thei contreuede meny þynges, And markede hit in here manere and mused þer-on to knowe; And of the selcouþes that þei seyen here sones þer-of þei tauhte, Þei helden hit for an hey science here soteltes to knowe.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)15.79 : Þorw here science soþliche was neuere soule ysaued..For al here kynde knowyng [B: kynde knowynges] ne cam bote of diuerse sightes Of briddes and bestes, of blisse and of sorwe.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)15.164 : Kynde..tauhte þe tortle to trede, þe pokok to cauke, And Adam and eue and oþer bestes alle A cantel of kynde witt here kynde to saue.
2.
(a) Native; ~ lond (contre, nacioun, place, stede), native land (country, place, etc.); ~ man, a native; ~ name, (one's) own name; (b) inherent, real, genuine; (c) unadulterated, uncontaminated, pure, complete; ~ caitif, utter fool; (d) required by customary order, prescribed.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1279 : Abraham..tillede corn and sette treen, ðog [it] was nogt is kinde lond; Richere he it leet ðan he it fond.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)937 : Þe kunde volc of þe lond adde to hom onde.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1890-1 : Go & win þi kunde lond & þin eritage; Þou ssalt abbe þer help inou of þin kunde [vr. kynd men of þe] londe.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2883 : Nouþe kundemen of þis lond..awrekeþ ȝou of þis luþermen.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7581 : He ȝef londes in engelond..& deseritede moni kundemen þat he huld is fon.
- c1330 St.Mary Magd.(1) (Auch)8 : To wille of bodi sche hir ches Þat hir kinde nanre [read: name] sche les & was ycleped..Mari þe sinful.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)3138 : Oþer breme bestes..han me dulfulli driuen fro my kinde lese.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13258 : To nazareth he went again Vntil his aun kind contre.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)9.62 : A muchel man, me þouȝte..Com & callide me be my kynde [vr. kuynde, kene, righte, propir] name.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.254 : Ne mecaberis, ne sle nouȝt, is þe kynde englissh.
- c1425 Glo.Chron.A (Hrl 201)p.364 : Ich wene þer ne be..contreyes none, Þat ne holdeþ to her kunde [Clg: owe] speche, bote Engelond one.
- a1450 SLeg.Suppl.Bod.(Bod 779)339/176 : Leuer me were for his dede..þan ic lese my kende londe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)70 : The whiche bokes..A Romayn ouerraght..That Cornelius was cald to his kynde name.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)5/32 : He was so shamfully out of his kynde londe I-dryue.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)7/27 : Man thynkyth no Place so Myrry lyghtly as in his Kynd Place [Dub: kynd stidde].
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)26/49 : How turned the Romayne Zedeoreys fro the Romaynes, to be with Hanibal ayenst his kynde nacion.
b
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)11.182 : Ihesu cryst..loketh on vs..To knowen vs by owre kynde herte..Wheþer we loue þe lordes here byfor owre lorde of blisse.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)2353 : Syn es swa foule..Þat if a man mught..se his syn In þe kynd lyknes þat it falles be in, He shuld..titter it fle Þan any devel.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)21.174 : Whanne Owt of this thowht he gan to gon, To his kende Memorie [F en sa memoire] he Cam Anon.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)6278 : Kyng Rychard leet dyȝte hym a schafft Off trusty tree and kynde crafft.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1292 : These walles of berile..made wel more than hit was To semen every thing..As kynde thyng of Fames is.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)482 : Þe side se we mow sen..Þat in kinde colour acordeþ to purpre.
c
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)8/202 : Cristning..moȝt be do ine kende water And non oþer licour.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)513 : He were komen of no ken but of kende cherls.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)199b/a : Þe þridde maner is y-made of þe þre parties of golde and of þe ferþe of siluer, & kynde electrum is of þat kynde.
- c1450 Lychefelde Comp.G.(Lamb 853)380 : But y wole vse wrenchis & wilis Þe comoun uoice is, y schal not þrijf; Summe at me mowis, summe at me smylis, And counten me but a kynde caitif.
- c1450 Surge mea (Lamb 853)69 : Quid est ista so vertuose..Þis is þe colour of kinde clennes, Regina celi þat neuere dide mys.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)489 : Crist calde hem him-self kynde ypocrites.
d
- c1300 SLeg.Jas.(LdMisc 108)87 : 'Goth þanne,' quath seint Ieme [to the demons], 'to eower kuynde stude.'
- a1500 Rule Serve Ld.(Add 37969)11/6 : All þe hallynges and costers dressed in þer kynde places.
- a1500 Rule Serve Ld.(Add 37969)14/22 : Take away stolis and bordes..and set þem in þer kynde places.
3.
(a) Having rights by birth, legitimate, lawful; ~ heir [see heir 1. (a)]; ~ heritage, lawful inheritance; ~ lord, lord by right of birth; also, true lord, lawful lord, i.e., God; also, accustomed master; right of ~ birthe, birthright; (b) related by kinship, akin; ~ blod, kinsfolk; ~ eldre, ancestor; (c) hereditary.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)74/106 : Seint wolston..was þo þe cuyndeste [vrr. kundeste, kendest] englische man þat was of enie manhede.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4822 : Þe folc of englisse & saxons hor lond hom bi nome, & hor kunde eritage mid trayson & suikedome.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6751 : Þe barons..And oþer heiemen..chose seint edward to king, þat kunde eyr þo was.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9995 : Þe bissop..sede þat arþure of brutaine..Kundere eir was þan he bi pur lawe & wone.
- a1350 God þat al þis myhtes (Hrl 2253)26 : In herte ne myhte y neuer bowe, ne to my kunde Louerd drawe..Crist ne stod me neuer hawe.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4283 : We haue ylorn our miȝt, Nouȝt wiþ wrong ac al wiþ riȝt, Þat wold haue our lord kende Yslawe þurch lore of þe fende.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)2158 : Whan þat hors herde neuene His kende lordes steuene..he..neide & made miche pride.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)2940 : Ich wile go..Ȝif ich miȝte..Me kende eritage to winne.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)3052 : Lord..hered þow be, Þat ich mai me kende lord se.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)128 : It no schuld neuer kuuere to be king þer as þe kinde eyre, whille þe kinges ferst sone were þer a-liue.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)8.35 : Why art þu come to desherite me of my ryȝt of my kynde burþe [Higd.(2): naturalle enheritaunce; L jure..nativo]?
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)1046 : Þo seide Jhesu, 'Go awei, Sathan, go! Þi kuynde lord ne schalt þow fonde so.'
- c1390 Talking LGod (Vrn)46/6 : Þat on lepi kuynde kyng coround in heuene.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)118/6 : Nabath seide he wolde not chaunge, ne selle his kynde eritage.
- a1450 SLeg.Suppl.Bod.(Bod 779)373/238 : Oswald..king þey made þo, for oswin, here kende lord, of londe was I-go.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)245/17 : Cause youre lyege men to know you as for their kynde lorde.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Conf.(Dub 245)338 : Man shuld have sorowe of his synne for gretnesse of þe kynd lord.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38:Vietor)1257 : To Hungary soone wyll wee..And crowne Mylys my brodur þare, For kyndyst heyre ys hee.
b
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2276 : Al ðo briðere..bedden him riche present..And he leuelike it under-stod, for alle he weren of kinde blod.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8240 : Þe sarazins..wende toward antioche to helpe hor kunde blod.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)241 : A kowherde, sire, of þis kontrey is my kynde fader.
- c1390 Evang.(Vrn)152 : Sone aftur þat mayde wende to Elizabeþ, hire kuynde frende.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1579 : Þai had na gude wyll thyne, So þai wer kynde þer with no man.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1753 : Þe harme and the hethyng of my kynd suster..Greuys me so gretly.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)188/13 : Thus was the Empyre kepte be my kynde elders.
c
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)4503 : Ylke a lord hys baner gan vp lyfft Of kynde armes off hys owen Þat his men scholde hym knowen.
4.
(a) Having normal affections or disposition, well-disposed towards one's kin; also, dutiful, obedient; fig. of the heart and lungs; (b) concordant with the natural moral law, lawful, moral; (c) customary, normal.
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)724 : Þine sostren ssolleþ abbe al, vor hor herte is so kunde, & þou ssalt vor þin vnkundhede be out of al min munde.
- 1372 Lullay lullay litel child child (Adv 18.7.21)27 : But wolde we ȝet kinde be & liuen after þi lore..ne keptest þu no more.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5725 : As sche that was gentil and kinde, In worschipe of hir Sostres mynde, Sche made a riche enterement.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.602 : He neuere hir koude fynde But euere in oon ylike sad and kynde.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.1187 : Lat no clerk haue cause..To write of yow a storie..As of Grisildis pacient and kynde.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1172 : God ys noght payd..Þat þe sone to þe fadyr ys nat kynde.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)276 : And þou hatz called þy wyrde a þef, Þat oȝt of noȝt hatz mad þe cler..Þou art no kynde jueler.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.1154 : Þe grete damagis..is fresche remembrid in ȝour mynde, Vn-to ȝour blood, ȝif þat ȝe be kynde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.2097 : My dere sonys, so lovyng & so kynde..remembre..How þe Grekis..distroyed..Þe first Troye.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6646 : Who that takith almessis that be Dewe to..Lame, feble..Pore..if ye such a truaunt fynde, Chastise hym wel, if ye be kynde.
- (c1438) MKempe B (Add 61823)231/30 : Þer was non so meche a-geyn hir as was hir dowtyr-in-lawe, þe whech was most bowndyn & beholdyn to a comfortyd hir yf sche had ben kende.
- a1450(c1400-25) Legat Serm.PD (Wor F.10)12/99 : I lullid þe in þi cradil..& kissid þi lippus..as a kinde modur schulde.
- a1450 PNoster R.Hermit (Westm-S 3)11/20 : Alle þingis of þis world he haþ maad vs to serue, why þat we serue hym & loue hym as kynde childre owiþ to do.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)157/8 : 'Well,' seyde the kyng, 'she is a kynde sister; I shall so be avengid on hir, and I lyve, that all crystendom shall speke of hit.'
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)35a/b : We fynden mannes herte kynde to hise lungis, for þe herte ȝeueþ to þe nutriment of þe lungis of þe same blood þat it is norischid wiþ.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.2597 : So is the man nogt resonable Ne kinde, and that is noght honeste, Whan he is worse than a beste.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.502 : Cupide..accordant to nature..Transformeth Iphe into a man, Wherof the kinde love he wan Of lusti yonge Iante his wif.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)697 : I compast hem a kynde crafte..And amed hit in myn ordenaunce.
c
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)10610 : Of hym more men fynde In farre bokes, als ys kinde, Þan we haue in þys lond.
5.
(a) Benevolent, loving, affectionate, kind; (b) pleasing, acceptable, pleasant; of weather: favorable; of land: rich, fertile; (c) of medicine or medical treatment: ?excellent; (d) grateful; ~ to (for), grateful for (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1333) Herebert Þou wommon (Add 46919)28 : Helpe he wole, ich wot, Vor loue þe chartre wrot..he þat ys so cunde, Þys euer haueth in munde.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)86/10 : Ha wole be þe so kende, He wole be fo to þyne fon, And frend to þyne frende.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)380 : Sche wold haue sleie hire-self..ne hade þe kind kouherde conforted here þe betere.
- c1390 In a Pistel (Vrn)85 : Knowe þi kuynde Creatoure; Knowe what he for þe dide.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.823 : After that day we hadden neuere debaat..I was to hym as kynde As any wyf from Denmark vnto Inde And also trewe.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20033 : Sua kind..ar þou Þat þou nu will mi wil a-lou..For will allan wit-vten dede.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4028 : I purpose..To wedde ȝou and ben ȝour trew man..And be to ȝou as lowly & as kynde..Þan whilom was ȝoure Menelaus.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1610 : Thanked be the heighe worthynesse Of Love, and ek thi [Pandarus'] kynde bysynesse.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)1011 : Than spake Jacob as a kynde man To þe styward Velosian.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)70/34 : Þei louyd her frend so meche, & he was so gentyl & so kende to hem, þat þei may be no wey forȝetyn hym.
- c1450(?a1400) Quatref.Love (Add 31042)77 : Halde this lefe..Of þat trewlufe and þat kynde Þat neuer-more sall kele.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)357/21 : Eythir of them gaff other the pryse of the batayle, and there were many kynde wordys betwene them.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (Hrl 2277)p.86 : Bituene Burgoigne and Province..Gode men beoth and almesful and of cunde londe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1518 : Alisandrine..comfort hire as sche couþe wiþ alle kinde speches.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.647 : He was a gentil harlot and a kynde; A bettre felawe sholde men noght fynde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)198b/a : Þe rede helpeþ aȝeins..woodnes and aȝeins old sorwe and makeþ a man kynde [L gratum] and plesyng.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)233b/b : Þis flex is nouȝt most strong but..þer of is kynde [L gratissime] vestymentes y-made for prestes.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)6509 : Þis moyses was dere & kynde [Vsp: dern and dere] To god.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Col.3.15 : Þe pees of crist, ioye it in ȝoure hertis..and be ȝee kynde [L grati] to god.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)31a/b : Gratus: kund or acceptable.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)95a/b : And if it [succum plumbi] were medled with oleo crisomilorum..it war kynde or plesyng to Auicen [*Ch.(2): Auycenes medecyne; L gratum Auicen].
- ?a1425 Orch.Syon (Hrl 3432)136/11 : Þanne mowe þei be to me riȝt kynde, and come to my verry freendly loue.
- c1450 Metham Progn.CD (Gar 141(1))146/11 : The somyr schuld be fayre and drye; that yere schuld be a kend wedyrryng for schepe and also for ben.
- a1500(?a1450) Treat.Garden.(Trin-C O.9.38)115 : Take thy plontys euery-chone And set ham yn kynd, fat lond.
c
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)166a/b : Medecyne laxatyf forsothe is profitable and nedefulle; Aboute þe whiche kynde [L generosum] helpe, þere ben asked sixe questiouns.
d
- a1475 Imit.Chr.(Cmb Gg.1.16)82/31 : Þou shuldest know my love, and be ever kynde [L gratus] to my benefaytes.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)54/1,9 : Be kynde þerfore for a litel þinge..He þat desiriþ to kepe þe grace of god, lete him be kinde for þe grace ȝoven.
6.
(a) Generous, gracious, noble; (b) honorable, constant, faithful, true; (c) brave, courageous, spirited; (d) wellborn; of ~ blod, of gentle birth; (e) generously inclined (to do sth.), well-disposed.
Associated quotations
a
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2144 : Þe real emperour..him thonked of þat konyng cunseyl & his kynde wille.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Col.3.15 : And the pees of Crist enioye in ȝoure hertis..and be ȝe kynde or fre of good will or ȝifte [vr. lastynge in oo good wille in alle these; L grati].
- c1390 Heil be þow Marie Moodur (Vrn)50 : Heil hende, heil holy Emperesse, Heil quene corteis, comely, and kynde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4914 : Thou schalt finde At nede fewe frendes kinde; What thou hast don for hem tofore, It is foryete, as it were lore.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8179 : Þe king..kind was of his cost.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)425 : Ȝif he is god, he is kiynde, And wil me often come hende.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)11.250 : Alle kynne creatures..We be holde..to..ȝiuen hem of oure good..Þat is, iche cristene man be kynde to oþer.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3563 : To alle women I am so moche bounde, Þei ben echon so goodly and so kynde.
- c1425 *Wycl.Concord.(Roy 17.B.1)5b : As, þis word kynde bitokeneþ nature, and also such a man clepen we kynde which is a free-hertid man & þat gladly wole rewarde what þat men don for hym.
- (?c1436) Duke Burgundy (Rome 1306)11 : Remembre the, Phelippe..How king henre the vte..Withoute thy desert he was to the kynde, And alway thy socour whan thou were in distresse.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)271 : Kende, or kynde, or fre herte, and gentylle: Gratus.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.43 : A mon that hase alle way bynne kynde, Sum curtas mon ȝette may he fynde, That mekille may stonde in stalle.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)69a : Kynde:..vbi large.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2582 : Noon but I may helpen..And I not aske but þat ȝe be kynde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1417 : Hire herte trewe was and kynde Towardes hym, and spak right as she mente.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1529 : As wel thow myghtest lien on Alceste, That was of creatures..That evere weren, kyndest and the beste!
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1876 : The stable herte, sadde and kynde, That in these wymmen men may alday fynde. Ther as they kaste hir herte, there it dwelleth.
- a1450(1410) This holy tyme make (Dgb 102)31 : Holde couenaunt to god and be kynde.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)81/26 : These same maydenes..entendyd to no oþir þing but to plese and to be kynt to þat spouse whech is in heuene.
c
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5110 : We were coward & vnhende, Bot we holpen þo children kende.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)275/66 : Euer heo hedde hit in hir mynde þat he hedde don a dede kynde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4357 : Tavenge her quene þei wer so hertly kynde Þat þei slowe..Two þousand Grekes.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)315 : With waa wreke þay þaire wrythe, Þe kynde [vr. Kene] knyghtis.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)14.335 : Anothir hors he sawh..Wheche hors was bothe Fre and kende.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2459 : Þai crosse ouir toward þe kyng as kyndmen [Dub: kene men] suld.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)175/207 : Now kende knyghtys be mery and glad.
d
- c1300 SLeg.Marg.(Hrl 2277)2 : Seinte margarete..Ibore heo was in Antioche, icome of cunde blod.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1452 : Ysaac..was bi-geten of kinde blod.
- a1350 Weping haueþ (Hrl 2253)65 : Cunde comely ase a knyht..in vch an hyrd þyn aþel ys hyht.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)21 : Bathe..Kynde men and courtays and couthe of courte thewes.
- a1500(?c1400) Triam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)240 : He..toke to hur an olde knyght..That curtes was and kynde.
- ?a1500(?1458) Off alle Werkys (Inscr)p.42 : Sir Peris Besillis, knyght curteys and keend.
e
- a1475 Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)6424 : Do þe wille of euery man..Do wiþ good chere þat þou shalt do To hem þat prayeth þe to..: Þat þou desirest þan shalt þou fynde, Euery man to serue þe þanne wole be kynde.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1450 Treat.Horses (Sln 2584)121/490 : Ded flesche oþer-while engendereþ in wondes & in apostemes if so be þat kynde helpe & skilful be not don þer-to.
Note: Add to 5.(c)--per REL