Middle English Dictionary Entry
as conj.
Entry Info
Forms | as conj. Also alswo, also, als(w)a, alse, als, ase, os. |
Etymology | OE ealswā. The fuller forms occur as late as 1400, but as predominates after c1200 and is fully established by c1400. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. also.
1.
In the clause of manner: in the way that, in the same way as, just as, as; how; hou..as, how; -- (a) alone; also, so as, also as, right as, like as; (b) correlated with so, also, thus, such in the main clause; (c) be as be may, be that as it may.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(?OE) Vsp.D.Hom.(Vsp D.14)132/35 : Ealswa se halge him foresæde on ær.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)32/20 : Heo..dude allswa ðe engel hire bead.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)630 : Itt wass don All all se Drihhtin wollde.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3692 : He laȝȝ all, alls hiss wille wass.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)3 : Þa apostles..dedeun alswa þe helende heom het.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)25 : Ic wulle gan to scrifte for scome, alswa doð oðer men.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)53 : Þe liggeð þer uppon alse þe tadde deð in þere eorðe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8492 : Ich hit wulle soðien, ase ich hit bi write suggen [read: sugge].
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)89b : Hwa se ȝelpeð of his god, as doþ i schrift þeos prude.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Lamb 487)185 : Þe sunne nis boten a schadwe, ase þeo þet leoseþ here liht.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)503 : Þu..pipest al so deþ amose.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)38 : Kiðen i wille ðe ernes kinde, Also ic it o boke rede.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)306 : Shal it nouth ben als sho þenkes.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3249 : Moyses bad hem, also he ben boren, ðe eldest kindes gon bi-foren.
- a1325 Prov.Hend.(Cmb Gg 1.1)st.18 : Wan man mai done als he wille, þan doth he als he is.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)12 : The vifte..belongeþ to þe zone ase to þe manhode; þat is to zigge, ase þet he is man dyadlich.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)137 : Hit is ase hit is of þe litel childe..Hit is ase þet simple ssep.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1922 : Þan þei lade þis liif a ful long while..as here cas ferde.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1354 : I wol telle forth as I bigan.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.39 : To telle yow al the condicioun Of ech of hem, so as it semed me.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.187 : Or swynken with his handes..As Austyn bit.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mcp.(Manly-Rickert)H.87 : Certeynly to tellen as it was: Of this vessel the cook drank faste, allas.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.182 : Bot, hou as evere that it be, I thonke unto the goddes alle.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.707 : This markys fulliche hath purposed To tempte his wyf, as he was first disposed.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)79 : In þat tyme turnede y þys On englyssh tunge..Of a boke, as y fonde ynne.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)6.66 : Sitthenes wil I wende To pylgrymage, as palmers don, pardoun forto haue.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.169 : To seen eche thing trewly, as it was.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)174 : I obeyde vnto his biddynge, So as the lawe me bonde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.705 : Delyte nat in wo..As don thise foles that hire sorwes eche With sorwe.
- a1425(?a1400) PCounsel.(Hrl 674)136/13 : He is as he is & þou arte as þou arte.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)17/19 : Þat te salmis..be saide, als fallis to þe day.
- a1425 HBk.GDei (Arun 507)135 : Als Virgil did with þis litell flie.
- ?1435 Lond.Chron.Jul.(Jul B.2)50 : Sir John..made protestacion in manere as it ys vsed off olde tyme.
- (1449) Will York in Sur.Soc.30147 : I will that my..wiff have..all the lyflode..even like as I have itt.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)3275 : Lete hym drynke as he brewyth!
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)131 : For as she prayede, ryght so was don In dede.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)374 : Every man dide ryght anoon As to huntynge fil to doon.
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)142 : As God wolde, hyt happed for to be.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)48/43 : As þe cocke croweth, so þe chekyn lernyth.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)2/12 : Eche body may..teche hys brothyr..os he seeth that it be spedful.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)2466 : When that Beryn had I-herd his tale..And how goodly as Geffrey spak.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)10/35 : As thou wolt..be it.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)11/22 : Ye may not lye so as ye doo.
b
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)37 : Al swa þet water acwencheð þet fur, swa þe elmesse acwencheð þa sunne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6753 : And swa he þer agon ase þe oðer hæfde idon.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)103/18 : Mihtest tu isien alle ðine unwines..also, alse i do.
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)151 : Alse me fet þet fleis wið-uten mid mete..swa bi-houeð þe saule fode.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)286 : Alswa as euch þing hefde beginnunge..alswa schulden alle habben endunge.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)26/16 : Also ase men weorreð mid þreo kunne wepnen..al riht so..weorreð lecherie.
- (1258) Procl.Hen.III in PST (1881)*173 : Alswo alse hit is to foren iseid [OF en la maniere kil est dit desuz].
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)272 : Also ase Iosep seide, also hit bicam.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)81/44 : Floriz..what mai þe beo, Þus murninge as ich þe seo?
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)4025 : Al-so leun is migtful der, So sal ðis folc ben migtful her.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)4115 : Als it is boden, also he dede, Iosue wurð set on hise stede.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)15 : Ase þe lipard heþ diuers colurs, zuo heþ þe dyeuel diverse maneres.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)137 : Alsuo ase þe zoþe milde hereþ þe oþre..alsuo he blameþ himzelue.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2470 : Right as they han doon me a contrarie, right so sholde I doon hem another.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.393 : I preche so as ye han herd bifore.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.773 : And as this erl was preyed, so dide he.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.518 : As in a tombe is al the faire aboue And vnder is the corps..Swich was this ypocrite [etc.].
- a1400 Rolle Encom.Jesu (Hrl 1022)187 : Als dede slos alle, so luf ouercomes alle.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)947 : As hys flok is wythouten flake, So is hys mote wythouten moote.
- a1425(a1349) Rolle MPass.(2) (Upps C.494)43/14 : As a nett is ful of hooles, so is þi bodi ful of woundis.
- a1425(a1400) Titus & V.(Pep 2014)1163 : As Jesu cryst heled me, So schal I nowe shewe þe.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.2.215 : Right as thou myghtest seyn of the careyne of a man, that it were a deed man..so graunte I wel forsothe that [etc.].
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.6.43 : 'As it liketh to the,' quod I, 'so do.'
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)8/13 : Als thi foly hase made it..so it es.
c
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.1012 : Be as be may, ther was he atte leste.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)73/30 : Be as hit be may.
2.
In the hypothetical clause of manner (usu. with subjunctive): as if, as though; -- (a) alone, or as that, like as; as it were; as who say, as if one said, as if to say; (b) correlated with also, alse, as, so in the main clause; (c) as if; (d) as though, ~ þof, ~ þei(ȝ.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16896 : Þatt lede þatt primmseȝȝnedd iss..iss all, alls itt wære, ȝet I nahhtess þessterrnesse.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)5 : Al swa hit ure wele nere.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)685 : Bi þone toppe he hine nom, al swa he hine walde of-slean.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)17313 : To sechen þer stanes, ase in heore londe neoren nane.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)17435 : Mærlin..sturede his tunge, alse he bede sunge.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)146 : Þos hule..sat to svolle & ibolve, Also ho hadde one frogge isuolȝe.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)123 : Oc he fleð fro him, als he fro fir sulde.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)63/1084 : He seȝ Rymenhild sitte Ase heo were of witte.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)80/14 : Ne makede his Moder mon oþer chere, Bute also he were ileid on bere.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)508 : Starinde, als he were wod.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)26354 : Sat þe caiser ase he dombe were.
- a1350 Wynter wakeneþ (Hrl 2253)7 : Nou hit is ant nou hit nys, also hit ner nere ywys.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)606 : Bote clippe & kusse eyþer oþer, As eiþer hedde been oþeres broþer.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1770 : Þei went a-wai a wallop, as þei wod semed.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.5.5 : Fals rumour..wente out, as [L tamquam; WB(2): as if] Antiochus hadde gon out of lijf.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2340 : And at the brondes ende out ran anoon, As it were blody dropes many oon.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.287 : Oure hoost gan to swere, as he were wood.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.666 : It seemeth ate syhte, As he al one alle othre myhte Rescoue.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)20a/b : Olde philosofres ȝaf diuers &, as it were, contrarie domes.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9017 : Yn wodehed, as hyt were yn cuntek.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.460 : And heren matines and masse, as I a monke were.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)1.66 : Ther preched a pardoner as he a prest were.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.496 : Ne semed it as that she of hym roughte.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.64 : Therwith it semed, as he wepte almost.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)27/23 : Hyr husbond went a-way fro hir, as he had not a knowyn hir.
- c1440 Bonav.Medit.(3) (Thrn)201 : Bot Iudas come be-fore, as who say, 'I am not with þise armede mene.'
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)8/2 : To tell thyngez þat ere to com, reȝte als þou were a prophete.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)193/6 : Shakand iij speris, like as He wold hafe destroyed all þis werld.
- (a1475) Recipe Painting(2) in Archaeol.J.1 (Sln 73)155 : With many strakes of gold schewinge ther among, as it were strakes on a towche.
- c1475 Lydg.Say.Nightingale (Hrl 2251)72 : This bridde..Syngeth, as that she wold hir-self dismembre.
b
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1135 : Þa þestrede þe dæi..& uuard þe sunne suilc als it uuare thre-niht ald mone.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)53 : Þis faȝe folc..speket alse feire bi-foren heore euencristene, alse heo heom walde in to heore bosme puten.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1618 : He schal declar hit also as hit on clay stande.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)76 : Sche was also glad, as sche had ben torned fro deth to lyue.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)546 : Me caryinge in his clawes starke As lyghtly, as I were a larke.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)138 : The londe so hym louede, lorde as he were.
- (1469) Paston (Gairdner)5.15 : Ye arn as gretly bownd to her, as ye were maried.
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10293 : Þatt seȝȝdenn þeȝȝ, alls iff þeȝȝ þuss Wiþþ openn spæche seȝȝdenn.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)14801 : Drihhtin þær toclæf þe sæ, Alls iff itt waterr nære.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)172 : Ȝhe wist it as wel or bet as ȝif it were hire owne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)29a/a : Þe bemes of liȝt comeþ togedres..as ȝif þe bemes were joyned in a myrour.
d
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6668 : Þe king hine bræid sæc, alse [Otho: ase] þeah hit seoð weore.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6702 : Þe king læi in his bædde alse þæh he ne mihte libben.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)17234 : He sæt stille, alse þeh he wolde of worlden iwiten.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)18/20 : As þah hit were þe seoueðe time of þe dei.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)60a : As þah [L quasi] þe wal were to broken.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)72a : As þah he seide..hwet wulle ȝe?
- c1300 SLeg.Jas.(LdMisc 108)307 : Ich am ase þei ich were in heouene.
- c1300 SLeg.Magd.(2) (LdMisc 108)58 : Ase þei heo and hire soster neren nouȝt of one blode.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mcp.(Manly-Rickert)H.36 : Se how he ganeth..As thogh he wolde swolwe vs anon right.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12086 : Wordes spak he o despite, Als þof he [Frf: as he; Göt: right als he] wald wit ioseph flitte.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)10/7 : Ilkain sal take discipline at oþir, als hir mastiresse þoȝ scho ware.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)178/26 : Trees þat beren wolle, as þogh it were of scheep.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)16/26 : As þow God had forsakyn hir.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)54 : As þeiȝ þer by he schulde helpe hym silf out of þis wondring.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)136 : He as bainly obeyede..As þof his syre hade the soile & septure to yeme.
3.
In the clause of comparison: as; -- (a) modifying a descriptive adj. or adv. in the main clause: also, als(e, as, so (fair, etc.) ..als, as; also without as before the adj.; (b) modifying a limiting adj.: tho..as, such..as, (al)so..as, as (much, many, often, etc.) ..as; also, mor..as, more..than; (c) modifying an adv. of time: as sone (faste, swithe, tite) as, as soon (fast) as; as longe as.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12290 : Allse unncweme iss Godd tatt tu Þurrh grediȝnesse gillte Alls himm iss [etc.].
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)90b : Nis nawt godd.se grim, as ȝe him fore makieð.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)109/804 : Ihc wulle ȝeue þe a kinedom..also brod Also eure ȝet þi fader ibod.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)643 : And al-so hege ðe lowe sal gon, So ðe flod flet de dunes on.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.170 : Men myghte his brydel heere Gynglen..as cleere And eek as loude as dooth the chapel belle.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.321 : Nowher so bisy a man as he ther nas.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2356 : And made hym see as wel as euere he myghte.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1045 : Also red & so ripe & rychely hwed, As any dom myȝt device.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.991 : Al so siker as thow list here by me..I wyl be ther at pryme.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1606 : So inly fair and goodly as is she.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)93/10 : Þat he ne is as fayne..to lacke it at Goddes wille, as to fele it & haue it.
- a1425 NPass.(Cmb Gg.5.31)21/172 : He sette hym downe amang þaime all wyth hert bitter als is [Cmb Gg 1.1: þan] þe gall.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1986 : Ywis, me is as wo For hym as evere I was for any man.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)79 : Þou ȝeuyst to hym alle þe perfecciouns..as parfitly as þou hast hem.
- (1447) Shillingford30 : The Maier..promytted to sende of the most worthiest as he hath.
- c1475(a1400) Amadace (Tay 9)p.43 : Thou schalt cum thedur als gay Als any erliche mon may.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)4/16 : So worthely as ye bee.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)20/5 : They are good men of armes as ben on lyve.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)43/102 : A child so lufand as thou art?
b
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Stephne..ðat he sculde ben alsuic alse the eom wes.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)ded.101 : Wiþþ all swillc rime alls her iss sett.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)33/344 : He..warð swuch as he wes, vnhwiht of helle.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)117b : Ȝer ȝe findeð þet ȝe doð alswa as [OF ausi come] ȝe redeð.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Lamb 487)185 : Wiþ þe ilke spredunge gest, as þe moder to hire child.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Lamb 487)187 : Ase ofte as he þer to haueþ trewe bileue.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)4108 : And good let oc ðu hem bi-se, Alswilc als hem bi-hu[f]lik bee.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)2469 : Wiþ litel folk, & nouȝt wiþ miche, Wiþ also litel als he may.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)19 : Zuych zenne..alzo moche ase of him is [Vices & V.(2): in as moche as in hym is], he deþ manhode to þe dyeule.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)28 : Alsemoche ase he may.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3302 : Was neuere wight..That slow so manye monstres as dide he.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2235 : As much auailleth to speken biforn folk to whiche his speche anoyeth, as it is to synge biforn hym that wepeth.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.319 : He moste confessen hym..as ferforth as he kan.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.60 : I thenke forto touche also The world..So as I can, so as I mai.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.203 : Dyuerse folk dyuersely han demed: As many heuedes, as many wittes ther been.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.21.16 : She set forn aȝens a fer as myche as a bow may cast.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.740 : To stele awey with swich oon as he ys.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1065 : Thei wol seyn, in as muche as in me is, I have hem don dishonour, weylaway!
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)836 : Þan sal he on þe same wys hethen wende, Pure and naked, right als he cam.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5625 : As mochel as shal to hym suffice.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)67b : Also this erbe haviþ mo vertues as endyue haþe.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)128/13 : In the same maner as the firste diden.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)60a/a : Wyne is best farmacie of al wondez in als mych as þay be wondez i. which haþ not any oþer implicate disposicioun agayn saying.
- (1433) RParl.4.425b : Discharged of as moche somme as woll atteigne to the quantite of the rate.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)357 : Such as a man sowiþ, suche he schal reepe.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)22099 : Assomochel as is in my power, ȝow boþe to-gederis j ȝeve ȝow her.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)2113 : Þen sall þis rewel..be..red to hir, os mykil os nedes.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)821 : As the someres sonne..Ys fairer..Than any other planete..so hadde she Surmounted hem alle of beaute.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer Pity (Benson-Robinson)21 : So many men as in her tyme hir knewe.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)946 : Þe proud quene..Saȝe be þe sygnes & be sike as with hire son comys..at he was all maister.
- (1458) Will York in Sur.Soc.30228 : That this present will be performed in every poynte in als mykell as thei may.
- (1460) Paston (Gairdner)3.241 : I hadde never more neede for to have help of my goode, as I have at this tyme.
- (1467-8) RParl.5.631a : Alsmany persones..as shall appere at that day.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)2914 : Hys lordshepe was nat mor at al, As ben thys lordys temporal.
- (a1475) Recipe Painting(2) in Archaeol.J.1 (Sln 73)154 : And hong thes platis in the same maner as ȝe doth platis of leed.
- c1475(?c1451) Worcester Bk.Noblesse (Roy 18.B.22)32 : I have be credibly enfourmed by tho as were present.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)205/35 : Als often he is touchid wyth any wyce, so often-tymes Put hym-Selfe to Prayer.
c
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)49 : Alse longe alse we liggeð in heueð sunnen [etc.].
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)443 : Anon riȝt als roulond Hadde ikauȝt þe druþe lond, Gret enuye was ham betwene.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1512 : Sche hire fader cumfort fast as sche miȝt.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3473 : Also soone as that she myghte espye [etc.].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.147 : Also sone [L mox] his bagges and harneys i-gadred to gidre, he made hym redy for to goo.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1395 : Lat vs dyne as soone as that ye may.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.615 : Yet right anon as that his dore is vppe..to the wode he wole and wormes ete.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)489 : Alsuiþe als he was made, he fell.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5271 : Als suith [Frf: als squiþe as; Göt: als suith as; Trin-C: soone as] i þare was cummen, Wit il consail þan was i nummen.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)4.191 : For as longe as I lyue, lete þe I nelle.
- (a1422) Let.in Ellis Orig.Let.ser.3.174 : We wold owre said Uncle were wiy us..als sone as he might.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)6460 : Þider þe synful sal be dryven Als tyte, als þe last dome es gyven.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)35/8 : Als tit als te gestis cume, þe priuresse..sal gange againis tam wid luue.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)12/37 : Also faste als Alexander sawe hym, he oute wit a swerd.
4.
In a clause expressing an adverse, contrary, or contrasting circumstance or reason, or an alternative: in spite of the fact that, although; -- (a) alone, or wher as; (b) so (se)..as; as..as.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3347 : He the dremes of the kyng expowned, Wher as in Chaldeye clerk ne was ther noon That wiste to what fyn his dremes sowned.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2443 : It semeth that yow suffiseth to han ben conseilled by thise conseillours oonly..where as, in so gret and so heigh a nede, it hadde ben necessarie mo conseillours..to parfourme youre emprise.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1949 : As I in fewe yeres Haue spended vpon diuerse manere freres Ful many a pound, yet fare I neuere the bet.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.854 : Is ther no ship of so manye as I se, Wol bryngen hom my lord?
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)7/28 : Als te decipill es at his maister cumandement, Als sal þabes consent til þaire cunsale þat resun es.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)141/23 : But, as he was wounded, he wolde a-takyn the batayle an honde.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)5/2 : She Cryed..as thogh he toke hyr ayeynnes hir wyll, As hit was not So.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)173 : Þohte þah..se ȝung þing as ha wes, hwet hit mahte ȝeinen þa heo hire ane were aȝein se kene keisere.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)14b : Bersabee..dude him [David] sunegin on hire, se hali king as he wes.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)337 : Him..Þat hire haued in sorwe brouth, So as sho ne misdede nouth.
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)656 : And ȝeot, ase gret ase þe eorþe þinchez and ase luyte ase heo is, þare nis bote þat seouenþe del.
- a1350(1307) Execution Fraser (Hrl 2253)200 : Alas! þat he wes ibore & so villiche forlore, so feir mon ase he was!
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1079 : To bringe us so fre as we beþ In to so gret seruage.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)14.185 : Ich haue wonder in my witt, so wis as þow herte holde..why Þat þow [etc.].
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)3283 : As woo as my hert was thoo, With him I wold fayne had a doo.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1805 : A kene curre..as bremely as he baies, he bitis neuir þe fastir.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)5599 : Als seke as he was, To durham he buskid him to pas.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)659/28 : So this deuke Chalence..ded there grete dedis of armys; and, so late as he cam in the thirde day, there ded no man so well.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)166/92 : To be so rebuked of a kyng, So as þey mysdedon nothyng.
5.
In the clause of result or purpose: so that, that; also so as.
Associated quotations
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)586 : Adam was mad o mans eild, Als he moght welle him self weild.
- (1417-18) EEWills39/24 : Þat it be do so os may be moste mede for her saules.
- (c1460) Let.Sou.in Sou.RS 22 (Sou SC.2/9/2)21 : Besekyng his highnesse to geve vs suche..ayde, as we may be able..to resiste ayenst the malice of his enemyes.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)139 : Þe commons þeroff be so pouere, as thai meynot give any thyng off þair owne godis.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)183/13 : Alyȝaundyr..made hom to dryue hom [swine] also nygh þe olyfaundys, as þai myghtyn wele here hor roryng.
6.
In a clause giving the reason for an action or for a statement or belief: since, because, as; also, so as, for as much as; (hethen) as he was, (heathen) that he was.
Associated quotations
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)18694 : Itt wass soþ, Alls itt off heffne come.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)14/196 : Þet þing, se feble as flesch is..schal him ouerstihen.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)36 : Maxence..Bigon..to..dreien cristene men alle to heaðendom, heaðene as he wes.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1353 : Þe keiser..berninde as he wes of grome ant of teone, bed bringen o brune.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)89b : Ure lauerd..ne mei..sweamen hire wið warne, nomeliche swa as he is se unimete large.
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)160 : Alle gledschipe haue þu, al-so þu ert wurðe.
- a1250 Orison Lord (Lamb 487)187 : Hwi ne fele ich þe in mi breostes swo swote ase þu art?
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)475 : Also he mistagte, also he schet.
- a1325 Heil beo þou Marie Mylde (StJ-C S.30)50 : As þou art ful of ioye & i am ful of care, Þou help me out of sinne.
- c1330 SMChron.(Auch)678 : After his barouns swiþe he sent: As þai wald ben vnschent, þai schuld come to his p[ar]lement.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.387 : Now ben they [sinnes] cleped chieftaynes for as muche as they ben chief.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.485 : Nathelees, for as muche as bountee aperteneth proprely to the holy goost [etc.].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2205 : He bad hem of the Stremes depe That thei be war..So as thei knowe noght the pas.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.1433 : It is resoun that I die, As sche is ded be cause of me.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.392 : Certein, best is That ye hym love ayeyn..As love for love is skilful guerdonynge.
- (c1438) MKempe B (Add 61823)247/3 : I hope, as ȝe led me owt of Lynne, ȝe xal bryng me hom a-geyn to Lynne.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)263/932 : Lete me fro þis deth fle, As I dede nevyr no trespace.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)8/38 : Ye wil be sworn unto me, as ye be a true kynge enoynted, to fulfille my desyre.
7.
In parenthetic clauses offering a comment, an illustration, an explanation, an appeal to the person addressed, etc.: as; as who saie (saith), as one may say, as some say.
Associated quotations
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)9157 : He wass sennd þurrh Godd Biforenn Cristess come, Rihht allse bidell birrþ beon sennd.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)17371 : Heo gunnen ræsten, alse [Otho: ase] Merlin heom radde.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)113/26 : Alse hire iwune is aure.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)44b : Nu as ich segge [etc.].
- a1250 Orison Lord (Lamb 487)187 : Iblesced beo þu euer, as mi trust is þer to.
- a1275 Louerd asse þu ard (Trin-C B.14.39)169 : Ioseph was bliþe, alse he wel miste [altered to: micte].
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)462 : It nas neuere lawe..double dom to take For o trespas, ase ȝe wel wuteth.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1509 : Seint Ion stonde þer ney Þat he louede wel, as he sede [Vsp: os we rede in boke].
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2634-5 : As lord he þer abade, As gode skil wald be.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)514 : Þouȝh he were komen of no ken but of kende cherls, as I wot witterly, so was he neuere!
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2275 : As who seith, that a womman kan nat hide that she woot..thise wordes been vnderstonde of wommen that ben iangleresses.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4070 : For thilke tyme, as I haue vnderstonde, Beestes and briddes koude speke and synge.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.750 : The rude peple, as it no wonder is, Wenden ful wel that it hadde ben right so.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.296 : Vnto the temple, as reson was, they wende.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)72b/b : As who seiþ, a seruaunt is noȝt amended with turmentis.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)12.269 : Now beeþ þees seintes, as men seyen, and souereynes in heuene.
- (1414) RParl.4.58a : They were but fermours to the Kyng..as it sheweth by her Chartres of King Henry the Thridde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.238 : This Pandarus..gan to speken in a sobre wyse To Troilus, as I shal yow devyse.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.81 : This knowe ye, my lordes, as I leve.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)5455 : Þair syns alswa..Sal þam accuse, als þe boke bers wittnes.
- a1425 NHom.(3) Pass.(Hrl 4196)154/380* : Of þa wandes grete ferlis fell, Als men may here me efter tell.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.pr.6.216 : As who seith, may a man speken..of atempraunce in corages.
- c1430(a1410) Love Mirror (Brsn e.9)213 : I haue ouercomen the worlde, als who seye, And so schulle ȝe.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn:Horstmann)309 : A neddere come..for to stang hyme, as it es his kynde.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)394 : We mowe forbere certeyn vsis of oure outward wittis, as is of siȝt, of speche [etc.].
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)398 : What is now seid of preier..is trewe Also for þanking..as is open ynouȝ to resoun.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)154/2688 : As þou seste, he hath for-sakyn us.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)35 : But trewly, as I gesse, I holde hit be a sicknesse.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1335 : Men myghte make of hem a bible Twenty foot thykke, as y trowe.
- c1450 NPass.(Add 31042)2/9 : Alswa [vrr. Als, As]: Marke, Mathewe, luke, and Iohn..accorde in till one,..he ffastede fully fowrty dayes.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)14/10 : What seynte es crouned wyth-outyn trauelos victorye? As who seythe, 'noon'.
- a1456(a1402) *Trev.Nicod.(Add 16165)113b : Ye..shal speke with no man, but ye shal beo, as hit were, dombe.
- (1466) in Cox Churches Derb.86 : The joels and ornaments that they had in kepyng..as hereafter foloeth.
8.
In parenthetic clauses containing an oath, adjuration, threat, or appeal: as (help me God); as (you will answer before God); as (God forbid); as (you love me); etc.
Associated quotations
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)300 : Y schal ben as trewe to þe, Also god me spede!
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)2753 : A swor, alse he moste þen, He nolde him neiþer hire ne sen.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4177 : Als euere moot I thryue, If that I may, yon wenche wol I swyue.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2112 : Also wisly god my soule blesse, Myne erys aken of thy drasty speche.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.136 : If it so bifelle, as god forbede [etc.].
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1370 : As ye loue me, kepeth it secree.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2123 : As help me God & þe halydam.
- (1430) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.99 : Also vve charge yovv, as ye vvol ansvvere þerefore before god..þat ye faille not hereof.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)114/80 : I can not saie, als haue I blisse.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)869 : As j am sworn vnto ȝow here, þus it was.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)683 : Also wys God yive me reste, I dar wel swere [etc.].
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)267 : Also mot I the.
- (1461) Reg.Chanc.Oxf.in OHS 9444 : To defende the priuileges..of the said Uniuersite, as god helpe yow.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)158/195 : Come and telle me, as ȝe spede, and I xal qwyte ryght wel ȝour mede.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)10/26 : The same nyght, as I shal ansuer unto God, this child was begoten upon me.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)2405 : Damysell, also muste I the, Syluer and asure beryth he.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)35/395 : As euer ete I brede.
9.
In a clause expressing extent or degree: to the extent that, to the full extent or utmost degree, as; as he can, to the limit of his ability, as best he can.
Associated quotations
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)71/1232 : After horn he arned anon, Also þat hors miȝte gon.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2650 : Ðe child doð als he can.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2749 : He blewe þriis, as he can, Þre mot oþer mare.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)255b/b : Wyn cytryne..and reed wyn beþ more hote þan white wyn..and þat is as þey beþ forþere fro white.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)813 : Þe wyȝez wern welcom as þe wyf couþe.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)193 : Þat..hors..Dubbed wyth ful dere stonez, as þe dok lasted.
- (1421) Doc.in Morsbach Origurk.9 : William sall hafe..a place þat liges in saynt Michell kirkgarth..als it abowndes.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)727 : As they wex in age, wex here love.
- a1450(1391) Chaucer Astr.(Benson-Robinson)2.12.21 : And evere as the sonne clymbith upper and upper, so goth his nadir downer and downer.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)150/2542 : I am dysmayed; I curse þee, Covetyse, as I can.
- c1450(c1385) Chaucer Mars (Benson-Robinson)161 : The ground and cause of al my peyne, So as my troubled wit may hit atteyne, I wol reherse.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)102/25 : He handeled itt, as he had strenght.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)355/30 : They all made hym good chere as lay in theire power.
10.
In the time clause: when, while, as; also, so as, alswa þat.
Associated quotations
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25551 : Alse þe king slepte, a sweuen him imette.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)138 : As ha set in a bur..ha iherde a swuch nurð.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1363 : As me droh ham to hare deað, þa ȝeide þus þe an [etc.].
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)215/19 : And al swo herodes i herde þis, swo spac te þo þrie kinges and hem seide [etc.].
- c1275 Ken.Serm.(LdMisc 471)219/176 : Al se þo men..hedde i seghe þo miracle, so awondrede hem michel.
- c1300 Body & S.(5) (LdMisc 108)p.25 : Als i lay in a winteris nyt..Vor soþe i sauȝ a selly syt.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1785 : Als he cam ner cananeam, Engel wirð a-gen him cam.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3253 : On an on kin, als herte hem cam, Ðat folc ilc in his weige nam.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2161 : I sai a selkouþe siȝt..as i went in the gardyn.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.234 : Vpon Grisilde..this markys sette his eye, As he on huntyng rood.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)784 : In þat ilk eventyde..As Loot in a loge-dor lened hym alone.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1274 : On a day, as they on huntyng wente [etc.].
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)813 : And as she ran, hire wympel let she falle.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn:Horstmann)309 : Als he slepid, a neddere come to hyme-warde.
- c1450 NPass.(Add 31042)208/1786 : Ihesu..alswa þat he hange one the rode, lowde he criede, 'hely hely'.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)13/24 : So as they rode to the justes ward, sir Kay had lost his suerd.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.Win.(GoughETop 4)181/7 : And also þai syttyn talkyng, an adyrcope..come of þe woch.
11.
In a clause of place (where or to which): where, whither; -- (a) alone; (b) following ther, wher, thider, whider.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)12/158 : I þet eadi lond, as brude ne nimeð gume ne brudgume brude.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)52/11 : Monie..comen dumbe & deaue to hire bodi, as hit lei.
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)32/293 : Þe libbinde..þe leadeð heouenlich lif in eorðe, as ha wunieð.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)46a : I ierusalem as [Nero: ase] he wunede.
- c1300 SLeg.And.(Hrl 2277)16 : And wende..To þe cite..as seint andreu was.
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (Hrl 2277)362 : Þis holi bodi was forþ ibore..To þe abbay, as he liþ ȝut.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11587 : Bituene seint oswaldes ȝat & þe norþ ȝat..Is a long wal inou, as þe abbodes orchard is.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)388 : Ther cam by mee A whelp that fauned me, as I stood.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)350/310 : Noght bot I myght my fynger wyn in sted as nayle stode, And his syde my hande put in ther he shed his hart bloode.
b
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1950 : Þe king..wes..idrahen þider as þe reuen weren eauer iwunet.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)4a : Þer as þeose þinges beoð, þer is riht religiun.
- ?c1250 I-blessed beo þu (Eg 613)27 : Þat he me i-sende, Whare a-lond alswo ich beo, er ich honne wende.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)1722 : A loge he bilt him þare As folk to chepeing ȝode.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2309 : & went wiþ him a-wei whedir as him liked.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.34 : To take oure wey ther as I yow deuyse.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1803 : Hom to hir houses lustily they ryde, Wher as they doon hir thynges as hem leste.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)769 : He loked along þere as oure Lorde passed.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1227 : She..in to Pandare gan goon, Ther as he sat.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1358 : And every wight han liberte to bleve Whereas hym liste the bet.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.3.4 : Into the ile theras Cerces..duelleth.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)8/33 : Þe place þare als þe foresaide stode.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)3561 : Þen went þey þederwarde as þis tresere lay fulle snelle.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)53/17 : Whider as euer he went, or what thyng som evur he did, he was evur sayand Ave Maria.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)14/23 : Lete me see whether ye can putte the swerd theras it was, an pulle hit oute ageyne.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)33 : Tho he brought hem ther as was his moder.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)154 : Thei turned to flight towarde her baner, where as thei herde the trompe sowne.
12.
In the object clause: that, what, as [in several quots. a different interpretation is possible; cp. sense 1].
Associated quotations
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)91 : Heo hit delden elcan alswa heo neode hefde.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1598 : Þa ha..sehen as þe engles..smireden hire wunden.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)31a : Þa he seide 'Sicio', & meande as he bledde of þurst o þe rode.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)31b : Godd hit wat, as me were muche deale leouere þet ich isehe ow alle þreo..hongin on a gibet.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)154 : Þai dede as rohand bade.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)479 : Þat wot neuer..whennes þat he come, but as mi fader him fond in þe forest.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1018 : For thorisonte hath reft the sonne his light; This is as muche to seye as it was nyght.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.18 : Disblameth me..For, as myn auctour seyde so sey I.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)151/9 : I rede..as þay went in processyon for a gret fray.