Middle English Dictionary Entry
aquī̆ten v.
Entry Info
Forms | aquī̆ten v. Also acwiten, aquitie, aquitti, acquite, acquiete. Forms: p. aquit(te, aquī̆ted; ppl. aquit(te, acquī̆ted. |
Etymology | OF aquiter & ML acquitāre. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. quiten.
1.
(a) To give (sth.) in return: pay for (a service, etc.); repay (a debt); pay (expenses, a fee); (b) to redeem (a pledge, surety); make good (a promise, an obligation).
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)262/39 : Hast þou ȝwarof to a-quiti þi schip-huyre?
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)926 : Here is þine hors, y ȝiue it te; When ichaue nede, aquite it me!
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)16.12 : Bote yf he quike by-quethe hem auht oþer wolde helpe aquite [vr. quyte] here dettes.
- c1400 St.Alex.(3) (LdMisc 622)31/248 : Of his golde & of his pens wel he aquited his despens.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6742 : If his wynnyng be so lite That his labour wole not acquyte Sufficiantly al his lyvyng.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)155 : And the dettour suffere the day passyd and aquyte not his dettz [etc.].
- (c1438) MKempe B (Add 61823)239/13 : Sche spak wyth þe powr frer..proferyng to a-qwityn hys costys tyl he come at Caleys.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)13 : Aqwytyn, or qwytyn and yeldyn: Reddo.
- 1790(1471-1472) Ordin.Househ.Edw.IV(2) (Topham)65 : In case the accomptes passe..three days unaccompted..then the Steward and Thesaurer shall acquyte the costages of the Kinge's houshold.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)51 : The strawe & þe chaffe shall aquite þe threshyng.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Bridget(1) (LdMisc 108)19 : He nadde ȝwarof acountes ȝelde..heo nuste ȝware-with hire a-quite.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.37 : Acquiteth yow nowe of youre biheste, Thanne haue ye doon yore deuoir atte leste.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)155 : Thanne shal the ballives warantyn that dettour..to aquytyn his weddys.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)13 : Aqwytyn, or to make qwyte and sekyr: Acquieto.
2.
(a) To repay (sb.) in kind, pay back, requite; ~ wel, ~ evil; ~ mede, give (sb.) his due, reward; (b) to repay (an act of kindness, a wrong, etc.); return (a kindness); reciprocate (love); reward (virtue); retaliate for (an injury).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.2671 : For whilom Theucer..Gret grace and socour to him dede..he him wolde aquite.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.3592 : In his hond power he [Christ] reserueth, Eche man taquite liche as he disserueth.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1200 : Aquite hym wel, for Goddes love.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)41.121 : But ful Evel Aqwyt hym han ȝe For his kendenesse.
- (a1464) Paston (Gairdner)4.24 : I have do my dylygens..for the qwych I am ryght ille aqwyt.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)49/192 : God wyll aqwhyte þe well þi mede.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)151/153 : My sone xal a-qwyte ȝow in hefne se.
- a1475 VPhilibert (Brog 2.1)p.18 : Thus dethe aquyttyt every man his mede.
- a1500 Tan.Mir.Virg.(Tan 407)10 : Oure lady at þe last a-qwyth hym wel his mede.
b
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)55/13 : Þet is ure raunsun þet we schulen..acwiten ure dettes tou-ward ure louerd.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3298 : Wel know y..þat ofte sche doþ me gyle, Y hope to Mahoun þat ȝute y schel ones a-quyte hur wyle.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.195 : That he wolde his love aquite To hire ayeinward, and noght wryte, Bot come himself.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.2630 : Mi liege lord, for mi servise..Thou hast me with prisone aquit.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.3030 : Of every bienfet the merite The god himself it wol aquite.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.2299 : This wold I for my laste word beseche, That thou mi love aquite as I deserve.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)23939 : Hym forto aqwyten his spytful dynt.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)1852 : No lenger put ye in delay His desire to Respite, But egallie ye him acquite.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)1178 : J schal aquyte hym weel his trauayle.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)1585 : I shall wele aquyte hym his seruice, ffor he shall dye therfore.
- a1500 Parton.(1) (Add 35288)3380 : Hys kendenes ther-wythe he wolle aquyte [vr. quyte].
3.
To make amends for (an offense, a sin, etc.); absolve oneself.
Associated quotations
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)137 : Ate daye of dome..neure aquitti he ne may, and þeruore ha ssel by ydammed.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)21.394 : Ergo, soule shal soule quyte..And þat þat deþ for-dude, deþ to releuen, Boþe aquyte and aquykye þat was aqueynt þorw synne.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)109 : To come a fore the forseyd ballives..for to acquyten out hese distresses, and for to make gre of that which is behynden.
- c1450(?c1400) Wycl.Elucid.(StJ-C G.25)18 : Þis myȝte god do bi cause he bicame man; & eche oþir maner doyng to aqwite wiþ mannes gilt hadde be vncouenable.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)403/7428 : Y am purposed..In goddis seruyse now to goo, To acquite some-what that y haue mysdoo; And of all the goodnesse that y doo shall, I graunte the euere haluendell.
4.
(a) To relieve (sb.) of an obligation; release (from a pledge); (b) to acquit (the accused); to clear (oneself) of a charge, of wrongdoing; to free (oneself from punishment), escape (punishment); (c) to free (a prisoner), to ransom; ~ ransoun, redeem.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)36 : Hy betakeþ hyre londes..ine wed, and dead wed þet naȝt him ne aquytteþ.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1594 : If eny other thing..Fro deth thi body mai respite, I woll thee of thi trowthe acquite.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1599 : Pay anon..Twelf pens to me and I wol thee acquyte. I shal no profit han ther by but lyte.
- (1429) RParl.4.352b : That alle Customers..be quyte and discharged..of ony swhich custome or subside..to discharge and acquyte the said Customers, of alle that perteigneth to oure said soverein Lord by that cause.
- (1472) RParl.6.64a : Of all the remenaunt that shuld growe unto Yowe..they utterly and clerely discharge the said Thomas, late Shiref, and therof acquiete hym.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)141/19 : Acquitid of all seruices & seculer demaundis.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)170/29 : Þe foreseyde william aquitid [L acquietavit] not hyr a-geynyst þe seyde Raph.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.179 : A man may acquyte hym self biforn god by penitence in this world and nat by tresor.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.2578 : How thei wole hemself aquite Of dedly werres that thei make.
- (1442) RParl.AS (Marsden)131 : He to be beleved be his othe & ij or iij of his credible neyghbours with him sworne, & so to be acquitte.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)52.907 : To Aqwyten kyng Orkaws..Of tresowne that Marahans him Apelyd.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)2993 : I wil defend me with right..but if I hastelie acquite me soo, Anoon to the deth ye me doo.
- (1472-5) RParl.6.160b : Thomas ap Rees..Hoel ap John David, were secretely..arrayned, and then and there were therof acquyted.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)208/244 : I kan not me ffrom deth Acquyte.
c
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)106b : Godd almihti..dude his deorewurðe bodi to acwitin ut his leofmon of giwene honden.
- a1250 Ancr.(Nero A.14)55/4 : A bigurdel ful of ponewes uorte acwiten & aremen him mide, & alesen him ut of pine.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3453 : He schal be kept..For to a-quytye on of ous, If he wer take there.
- 1448 *Glo.Chron.C (Arms 58:Kooper)f.196v : 'Liberales,' that is 'fre-large,' buth thulke that wyselich spendeth amonges his neyghbours and yeueth to strangers and prisones acquyteth [L (Wm of Malmesbury (Hardy 2:496)): captos a praedonibus redimunt] and myseised men releueth.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)404/429 : How Cryst upon a cros Lyst shede his blood, our ransoun for taquite.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)6387 : Sere, þou schalt aquyte [vr. quyt] me here, And alle oure oþer hostagere.
- (1465) Will Gregory in Camd.n.s.17p.xliii : I biqueth, to acquite prisoners out of Ludgate and Newgate moost needefull, x li.
5.
(a) To free (a holding of rent or other obligations); (b) to remit (a sentence).
Associated quotations
a
- c1460 Oseney Reg.7/26 : I..and myne heyres the saied londe..to the forsaied church And chanons aȝenste all cristen men and Juys as owre free pure and perpetuall almys shall warantiȝe, Aquyte, and defende.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.117/22 : The same Abbot and his successours schall warantiȝe, acquite, and defende, to þe same Roger and to his heyres, the foresaide x. acris of londe, with the foresaide mede, and all his other pertinences, free ande quite fro all seculer seruice & exaccion agaynste all men for Euer.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)147/15 : Iohn perschore..scholde warantiȝe to þe fore-myndyd religiouse women, & to þere successoures, þer [read: þe] fore-sayde londes..with alle þere pertinences, Agaynste all dedly men & women, and Aquite of þe Arrerages of þe sayde tenementes if þer were oony, & defende for euer, for þe foresayde seruice.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)171/6 : Hys heyrys sholde acquite all the foreseyde tenement towarde the foreseyde Raf..of all seruices and customys.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1054 : Be this cause he was respited, So that the deth him was acquited.
6.
To deprive (sb. of kingdom, of life).
Associated quotations
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)87/208 : Þat he nere of his lif aquite.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3865 : Jch am of Perce deshereted [LinI: deschargid], Of Mede and Assire acquyted.
7.
Refl. (a) To do one's part, acquit oneself; (b) to act or behave (in a certain manner); (c) ~ wel, do well, be successful.
Associated quotations
a
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)11777 : He ys an archer good Wych ffaylleth nat hymsylff taquyte, Alway the marke ffor to smyte.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.967 : Wel me qwemeth, That thou thiself hast thus aquit Toward this vice, in which no wit Abide mai.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.936 : Ther kan no man in humblesse hym acquite As wommen kan.
- a1450(c1433) Lydg.St.Edm.(Hrl 2278)423/522 : He seide he wolde aquyte him lik a knyht.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)39 : Ye were foles in youre art, that wolde not a-quite yow as trewe men.
c
- (1447) Shillingford20 : Douryssh acquytted hym well, and leyde meny myschyffys.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)1046 : By lande and see so well he hym acquite, To speke of hym I stony in my witte.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)87 : Ye be so gode and so wise that ye can yow wele in this a-quyten.