Middle English Dictionary Entry
ǧendren v.
Entry Info
| Forms | ǧendren v. Also gendir, gendri, generen. Forms: sg. 3 gend(e)reth, gendriȝt; p.ppl. gend(e)red, igendred. |
| Etymology | OF gendrer |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. agendren, engendren.
1.
(a) To bring forth (offspring), beget (a child), produce (young); (b) ppl. gendred, of offspring: begotten or born; also fig.; first-gendred, the first-born; on-gendred, only-begotten; (c) to procreate, produce or have offspring; (d) to copulate; ~ togedres, ~ with.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Hos.5.7 : In the Lord thei trespassiden, for thei gendriden [L genuerunt] alien sonys.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Deeds 7.8 : Ysaac gendride Jacob, and Jacob the twelue patriarkis.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)66b/a : Aristotel seiþ..heer growiþ..in bodies of bestes þat geten & gendren bestis.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)259b/a : Euerich beste þat haþ semen gendreþ an oþer beste þat is liche to it self.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)294a/b : Onocentaurus..is a beste..y-gendred bitwen a bole and an asse.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Gen.17.20 : I shal multiplie hym greetli; twelue dukis he shal gendre.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.4.18 : Enoth gendride [WB(1): gate; L genuit] Irad.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Jer.16.3 : The Lord seith these thingis on sones and douȝtris that ben gendrid in this place, and on the modris of hem that gendride hem, and on the fadris of hem of whos generacioun thei ben borun in this lond.
- a1425 Methodius(1) (Hrl 1900)95/1 : Þei gendride Caym, þe first geten.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.741 : In coitu..he shal gendre malis.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)365 : He muste forbere to ligge in oon bedde wiþ his wijf, except þe while oonly he [is] occupied in hope to gendre a child.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)66/33 : The squier had not gendered on her no childe.
b
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.65.23 : My chosen..shul not trauaile in veyn, ne ben gendrid in disturbing.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)300 : He had þre þryven sunez..Sem..Cam, And þe jolef Japheth watz gendered þe þryd.
- ?c1400 Wycl.CGosp.Matthew (Add 41175:Hudson)8/8 : It is greet violence þat we, gendrid in erþe, gete þe seete of heuenes.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.4.4 : Abel offride of the first gendrid [WB(1): first gotun; L de primogenitis] of his floc.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.22.2 : Take thi sone oon gendrid [WB(1): oonli gotun; L unigenitum].
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)444 : But þis is worse..to lette þus crist to be gendrid in man.
c
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.81 : Pigmei..geten children and gendreþ [L generant] in þe fourþe ȝere.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)60b/a : Þan god ordeyneþ so þe membres of ham þat gendreþ, þat þe one schulde ȝeue matere seminal & þe oþir schulde fonge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)296a/b : Barly is ful good mete for swyne, whanne þey schal gendre.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)28 : Countyng from þe monyth of Marche that he [boar] is farowed inne, he parteþ from his moder and may wel gendre at þe ȝeeres ende.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)5314 : Þey liueþ..By þe water and gendryþ [Ld: engendreþ] þer ynne.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)145b/a : I haue seen many men forsoþ gendre with o testicule.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)150b/b : It is demed bi G..þat he þat may not dele with & gendre [L coire & gignare], ioyne hym not wiþ a womman.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)7333 : Als we arn of oure kynde In no lond scholde men fynde, Ne selcouþloker so to gendre, Ne haue so manye childre tendre.
d
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Ex.22.19 : What man so gendriþ with a beeste, with deth dye he.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.203 : Some haþ eiþer schap of man and of womman, and gendreþ to gidres [L inter se coeundo].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)265b/a : Þe bore..freteþ and fomeþ at þe mouth..whan he gendreþ wiþ his wyfe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)289a/b : Wilde yrchouns gendreþ stondynge wiþ bak y-torned to bak.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)292b/a : Þe mare and þe asse desiren neuere to gendre to gidres but þay ben togidres in ȝouþe.
2.
Theol. (a) Of God the Father: to beget (the Son); also, to bring forth (the Holy Ghost); (b) to give (sb.) spiritual birth or rebirth.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)8b/b : Þis essensia is þe fadir þat gendreth and þe sone þat is I-gendred and þe holy goost þat comþ for..þe fadir gendringe ȝaf al his substaunce to þe sone.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)84 : Þerfore it muste nedis be þat verrili þou fadir, euer wiþout bigynnyng, gendrist and brouȝtist forþ þe sone and þe holigoost, and now contynuely bryngist forth þe sone and þe holy goost, And euer in tyme to come þou schalt gendre and brynge forþ þe sone and þe holy goost.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)85/31-2 : Wiþynne þe godhede, noon persoone gendriþ saue oonli þe fadir, noon persoone is gendrid saue oonli þe sone.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.4.15 : In Crist Jhesu I haue gendrid ȝou by the gospel.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)30a/b : It tokeneþ hem þat þe spirit of god gendreþ by þe tree of Cros in þe watir of folewinge.
- c1400 Wycl.CGosp.John (Bod 243:Hudson)86/47 : Þey mysusen þe seed of Goddis word bi which þey schulden gendre soulis into euerlastinge liyf.
3.
(a) To produce (sth.), bring forth, make; (b) to cause (sth.), give rise to, bring about; (c) to increase (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)133b/b : In valeys more hete is gendred of sonne bemes þan in mountaynes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)134a/b : Wynd is gendred of betynge togidres of armes of þe see in foure partyes of þe lond.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)156a/a : By ofte smytynge to gedres, he [the see] gendres fome of him self.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)198b/a : Cristalle..is y-gendred in asya and..in þe north mounteyns.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)200a/b : Isidor seiþ Iren is y-gendred of quik siluer þikke and nouȝt clene.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)233a/a : Legumina..beeþ nouȝt y-gendred in hulles as whete, but in coddes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)304b/a : Þanne þe worchyng of hete haþ þe maystrie, þanne is white coloure ygendred.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)309b/a : Grene is a mene colour y-gendred bytwene rede and blak, and þat is y-knowe by passyng of reed colera in to vnkynde malencoly þat is blak by mene of vnkynde colera þat is rusty and grenysch.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)324b/b : Crabbe eiren beþ furst y-gendred bitwen þe schelle and þe wombe wiþinne.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)10a/b : Lymes beeþ bodyes the whiche beeþ gendred or made of þe firste medlynge of humours.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)27a/a : Blood..is gendred of þe more temperate partie of þe chile.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)31a/a : An homour hote and drye, Igendred of þe moste sotil partye of þe chyle.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)172/27 : Ȝef it be etyn raw or sothen, it gendryȝt good blod, and also mylk in wymmen.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)1.305 : Corsica is an yle gendrenge [L gignens] nowble pastures.
- a1500 Peterb.Lapid.(Peterb 33)p.67 : Þey will gendir þis stone in her wombe.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)25a/a : Þe hering..is I-gendrid by aier I-smyte.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)25b/a : Ȝif þe vapour is malicious..it corrumpiþ þe spirit þat hatte animalis, & often bringiþ & gendriþ pestilence euelis.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)171a/b : Wyndes..comen Inne and fillen þe Dennes and gendren erþe shakynge.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)195b/a : Þis stone..gendreþ and kepeth frenshepe.
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)16/3 : Þe whiche ben sorowis to hem, gendring synnes in her sowlis.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)258 : Thus ful ofte gendred is Envye In folkes hertes.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)2 Tim.2.23 : Foltid questyouns..eschewe þou, witande þat þei gendre [L generant] stryfes.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)57/21 : Þe blode bresteþ out, or þer ar gendred bolnyngz.
- ?1435 Lond.Chron.Jul.(Jul B.2)27 : The trewe lieges off his Rewme..gendrid grete cause and matere off Indignacion amongis hem.
- (1437) Proc.Privy C.5.64 : The which monitorie is lykly..to gendre a scisme in þe chirch.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)388 : Which schulde boþe purchace and naturali gendre and encrese þi loue and alle þe oþere good inward disposiciouns.
- ?a1450 Agnus Castus (Stockh 10.90)120/14 : Ȝyf þis herbe be etyn Raw, it wele lytly gendryn [vrr. gendyr, gendry] hed ache.
- c1450(a1400) Orolog.Sap.(Dc 114)327/8 : Swete drinke..qwenchede not fullye here thriste, but hit, generynge a manere of dryenesse, made hem more thristlewe and more.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)58/33 : Delycious metes..thorugh the whiche also is gendered ese, reste..lechery and other synnes.
- (c1454) Pecock Fol.(Roy 17.D.9)45/37 : If y schal do and gendre a deede of resonyng..y muste haue þe power of resoun as a foundement.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)54/97 : Yf þou vse oftyn tyme to swere, it may gendyr custom in the.
- c1475(a1400) Sayings Fathers (Rwl C.285)126 : Forgetyng genders neclegence.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)29/5 : It availith principaly for to gendre..in þe preiser greet..welwilling and loue anentis god.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)18 : And þer he [Christ] genderith, scil. bringith forth, goode vertuys.
c
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)441 : Crist preiseþ..preching of þe gospel þat gendriþ þis chirche.
4.
(a) To grow, develop, come into being; (b) to get (a disease).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)203b/a : Stone gendreþ nought of erþe allone, ffor dryenes haþ maystrie þerinne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)208a/b : Erþe is nedeful to trees and herbes..þat gendreþ, for þe welle of feedyng of a tree is of erþe.
- c1450(a1400) Orolog.Sap.(Dc 114)379/17 : Froskes and vnclene wormis genderith of þe þoudere of erthe.
- c1450 Lydg.SSecr.Ctn.(Sln 2464)1675 : Yif Superfluyte or Ony euil humours Of qualitees gendre by inproporcyoun In the hed..knowe thou shalt the indisposicioun be this doctryne.
b
- a1475 *Hrl.Bk.Hawking (Hrl 2340)3b : If it [the hawk's casting] be yelow, sho gendrith an euyll callyd þe frounce.
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking (Hrl 2340:Halliwell)294 : If it be grene, she gendrith the ree..And if it be glemous and roping, she gendrith..the cray.