Middle English Dictionary Entry
frẹ̄ adj.
Entry Info
Forms | frẹ̄ adj. Also vre, freo, vreo, fri, vri. |
Etymology | OE frēo, frīo, frig (cp. Goth. frei-s, OHG frī). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) Of a person: free in rank or condition, having the social status of a noble or a freeman, not a slave or serf; holding one's land in free tenure (i.e., a more or less permanent tenure depending upon fixed rents or services rather than upon the pleasure of one's feudal lord); ~ of blod, of aristocratic family; (b) as noun: a free person; bond and ~, ~ and bond, ~ or servaunt, theu and ~, etc.; (c) of a people: politically independent, not subject to a foreign nation or ruler; (d) out of the bondage of sin, not subject to the Devil; (e) as an element in names: free, freeborn.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)6/54 : [Ha] of godes brude, & his freo dohter..bikimeð þeow under mon & his þrel.
- a1275 *St.Marg.(2) (Trin-C B.14.39)39 : Yef ho is boren of cunraden free, of al hire cunne best scal hire bee.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)558 : Þev Man ne mai nouȝt beon i-maket a-ȝen is louerdes wille freo.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2018 : Ghe bed..To maken him riche man and fre.
- a1350 Ase y me rod (Hrl 2253)7 : Þis maiden is suete ant fre of blod.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)466 : Neuere ne faȝt y ȝut..with man of lowe kynde, Bote wyþ duk ouþer Erld..ouþer kyng ycrouned free.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.7.21 : If thou maist be fre.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.772 : They maken hire thralles free out of thraldom.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)70b/b : If a bond seruant..is I maad free & is aftirward vnkende, sche schal be..I brouȝt aȝen in to þe charge of bondage.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)8121 : O fre blod þai had þe heu.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)6708 : Qua-so smytes vte his thrales eye..He sal him make fre and quite.
- (1414) RParl.4.58b : The freest Knyght or Squyer of the Rewme, ȝif they be dwellynge tenauntz under ony of the Religious..may be put in prison..for to ben the most bonde tenauntz.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2863 : Þe folke þat cam þral fro Troye..ben..I-maked fre.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)279 : Þat word was sone wide couth a-mong þeuwe and freo.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)262 : Of knictes, cherles, fre and þewe, Justises dede he maken newe.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)3153 : Þo folwed bond and fre.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)5514 : Miȝti men..were þei..& feiþful..to fre & to þewe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.961 : Wheither thow be..gentil or thral, free or seruant.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)88 : Swyerez..swyftly swyed on blonkez, And also fele upon fote, of fre and of bonde.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.316 : Deth..Was the fyn..bothe to fre and bonde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.840 : She pleyeth with free and bonde.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)5668 : Þer blessed hym boþ fre & bonde.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)1081 : And alle þe reme of Englond, bounde & fre, Sayden þat he was worthy to bene a quene.
c
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)53 : Chirus..makede frie þat israelisse folk.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)5225 : Heo hauede..bi-wunnen..alle þa fre londes þe leien in to France.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7352 : We beoð in ure londe freo and swa scone swa þi folc is of Rome.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)265 : He ssolde þe noble folc..Oout of seruage lete..þat aȝte be so fre vor to winne hor riȝte.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)963 : Hou he wan londes fre.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)1659 : To byd hym lett my folke go free owt of his land.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)70/179 : A, lord, to luf the aght vs well, that makis thy folk thus fre.
d
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)101 : Ure louerd..hadde maked hem fre of þe deules þralsipe.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)135/30 : Þu scalt habben michel lean of godd, and ðe seluen makest frie.
- c1300 Gabriel fram evene king (Arun 248)11 : For godes sone..wile man bicomen..ma(n)ken fre for to maken of senne and deules mith.
- a1350 Iesu for þi muchele miht (Hrl 2253)49 : He wolde make þe fre ant bicome þi broþer.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)98/2 : Senne makeþ many þral Þat scholde be wel fry.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)87 : Þise byeþ zoþliche vry, uor hy byeþ delyured..of drede of deaþe, and of zenne.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.149 : Thurgh synne, ther he was free, now is he maked bonde.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)9812 : Fro þe fende hyt byeþ þe fre.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23625 : Þir [godds freindes] sal liue in fredom fre.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)22.59 : Hus heorte blode he shadde, To maken alle folk freo þat folwen hus lawe.
- c1450 That lord þt lay (SeldArch B.26)10 : Sith we were þralle & nowe be free; The fende oure foo he made to flee.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)58/30 : I am david..and of my blood xal sprynge oure bote..to make man fre.
- c1500 Castle Love(3) (Ashm 61)186 : Now be we thrall þat are wer fre.
e
- (1163) in Pipe R.Soc.644 : Robertus Frebern.
- (1167) in Pipe R.Soc.1174 : Robertus Fribern.
- (1205) Fine R.King John312 : Odo filius Frewin.
- (c1230) Cart.St.John in OHS 66406 : Ricardus Fremantel.
- (1248) Close R.Hen.III56 : Ranulfum Freteoxe..fuerint viridarii regis.
- (1256) Assize R.Nhb.in Sur.Soc.8852 : Frebarn, Frebern, Freborn, Frebrun.
- (1276) Hundred R.Tower 2237 : Walterus le Free.
- (1279) Hundred R.Tower 2327 : Nicholaus Frelove.
- (1279) Hundred R.Tower 2830 : Robertus Frebond.
- (1301) Sub.R.Yks.in YASRS 2161 : Frehope.
- (1319) Pat.R.Edw.II467 : William le Free.
- (1322) Pat.R.Edw.II153 : John Freblode.
- (1333) Sub.R.Stf.in WSAS 1087 : Frebody, Ric.
1b.
(a) Not in captivity, released from prison or confinement; (b) free of the bonds of love or matrimony.
Associated quotations
a
- a1275 Þene latemeste dai (Trin-C B.14.39)104 : We sculden to heuene sten..make us freo, for to bein þer, of þe fendes nette.
- ?c1250 Ar ne kuthe (Gldh)10 : Of prisun thar ich in am, bring me vt and makye fre.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1292 : Thou art at thy large, of prisoun free.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.4232 : Of force he toke hym fre out of her hond.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2016 : I skaped fro her hond And went at large fre out of hir lond.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4512 : But Bialacoil loosed be, To gon at large and to be free.
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.147 : Ther I was free, I moot been in seruage.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.771 : Syn I am free, Sholde I now love..and thrallen libertee?
- ?c1450(?c1390) ?Chaucer Merc.B.(Benson-Robinson)29 : Sin I fro Love escaped am..Sin I am free, I counte him not a bene.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)680/24 : Hit shall be lawfull to you to resceive fre persones and lowsid fleyng fro the worlde to conuersion.
1c.
(a) Unrestricted in movement or action, at liberty to do something, free to do as one pleases; (b) of love, thought, etc.: not subject to control; (c) of assent, choice, decision, etc.: not constrained by external compulsion, unrestricted, voluntary; bi (in, of, on, with) fre wil, bi (thurgh) ~ assent, of wil ~, of (one's own) accord, voluntarily, willingly; after ~ wil, in ~ disposicioun, according to (one's own) desire or pleasure; bi (of) ~ eleccioun, bi ~ disposicioun, by the free choice (of a group of electors); ~ wil (choice), unrestricted choice, the right or power to choose; (d) theol. not predestined; ~ choice (eleccioun), choice uncontrolled by predestination; ~ wil (arbitracioun, arbitri), free will, freedom of the will; ~ bitiding, unpredestined happening, free occurrence.
Associated quotations
a
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)623 : He [Noe] and hise wif wenten ut fre.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2049 : Tel me..þy name ariȝt, as þow art freo to fonde.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.315 : [He] seide þat men tonges and hertes schulde be free [L liberas] in þe citee.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.2236 : In time of werre a man is fre Himself, his hous, and ek his lond Defende with his oghne hond.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.49 : I am free To wedde, a goddes half, wher it liketh me.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.936 : Somme seyn that we louen best For to be free and do right as vs lest.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)12a/a : An aungel is substancia intellectual, alwey meuable, fre and bodiles seruinge god.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)152/11 : Þe necke schal neuere haue his free meuynge.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)20.120 : The fyngres þat freo beo to folden and to clycchen.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.6707 : We Schal stond fre oure power for to vse.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5654 : Whanne thou gost thy body fro, Fre in the eir thou shalt up go.
- c1425 Found.St.Barth.58/17 : At evensong tyme she hadde fre vse of both [feet].
- (1467) Ordin.Wor.399 : That euery tyler be ffree to come and go, to worche with euery man and citezen.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)10 : The lawe made hem fre Without excepcioun to come to audience.
b
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1606 : Thynk wel that loue is free.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1930 : I seie..To alle men that love is fre.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4485 : I have herd seid that thoght is fre.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.767 : Loue is a thyng as any spirit free.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2700 : Men seyn ful ofte how that thouht is fre.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3432 : For wel wot ye that love is free.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)781/22 : For love is fre for all men.
c
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)2b : Þeos & þulliche oþre boeð alle i freo wil to don oðer to leten.
- (1345-6) Grocer Lond.(Kingdon)122/5 : That aftyr hys owene fre ville he deuise that is likynge to hym to the forseyd fraternite.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.852 : To kepe his forward by his free assent.
- c1390(c1350) NHom.(2) PSanct.(Vrn)301/234 : So muche þonk naþ not he As þat he doþ of wille fre.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.1012 : First that thow shryue thee by thy free wil, noght constreyned ne for shame of folk ne for maladie.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.35 : Ye been submytted, thurgh youre free assent, To stonden..at my iuggement.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2273 : Yet hath he free choys wheither he wole werke by that conseil or noon.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.150 : Of my free wyl I wol assente To wedde me as soone as euere I may.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2646 : But septer & crowne frely I resigne..Of my fre wil hool into þin hond.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1202 : He chosen was..Chief of alle Grece..al only of fre eleccioun.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)649 : I axe..to have my choys al fre.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)199/15 : Hys [God's] wil may not be constreyned, it is in hys owyn fre disposicyon.
- (1439) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.513 : My free Wil to change at alle tymes to my list.
- (1440) Visit.Alnwick3.350 : That ye exacte no money..other then thai or thaire frendes of thaire fre wylle, wythe owten any couenaunt made, wylle gyfe yowe.
- (1441) Let.Coldingham in Sur.Soc.12118 : Was never monke of Doresme promote to priore or office..bot be free disposicion of the priour and covent.
- (1441) Let.Coldingham in Sur.Soc.12123 : If yhe will discharge your selfe on your awen fre will.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)320 : If þer wiþ rennyþ þe childis owne fre consent.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)4357 : Wyþ here frewille þyse þre cam ffor to defende þe[r] fredam.
- c1450(1399) Chaucer Purse (Benson-Robinson)23 : Of conquerour of Brutes Albyon, Which that by lyne and free eleccion Been verray kyng.
- (1461) Paston (Gairdner)4.10 : Seche names as Cullynge and Sammys putt in of her owyn fre wylle befor John Northales, shereve of Norwyche.
- (1466-7) *Plea & Mem.R.Lond.GildhA 88.mem.4 : The same Margarete of her free will promised and graunted [etc.].
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.724 : [Nede] maketh man to begge and borowe with shame, And putteth hem from fre wyll.
- (a1500) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8558 : Thay schall haffe two Ballyffes..for to hold the fore sayd cowrtt of ther own fre will.
d
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)86 : Þe uerste is uri wyl, huerby he may chyese..oþer þet guod oþer þet kuead.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4436 : Or ellis if fre choys be graunted me To do that same thyng or do it noght, Though god forwoot it.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.46 : To fle the compaignie of schrewes..Which stant in disposicion Of mannes free eleccion.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9408 : He gaf þam [Adam and Eve]..Might, and fairhid, and frewill.
- a1400 Ancr.Recl.(Pep 2498)65/3 : He haþ ȝiuen man his free will frelich forto chese wheþer he wil þe yuel or þe goode.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.980 : If he Hath wist byforn oure thought ek as oure dede, We han no fre chois.
- a1425 HBk.GDei (Arun 507)133 : Fre-wille of man is frely til turne til gode or til ille.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.4.125 : Tho thingis that men don..although that men hadden iwyst hem byforn, yit thei han fre bytydynges.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.6.196 : Thilke thing that is futur..whan it is undirstonden in his owene kynde, men seen it outrely fre and absolut fro alle necessite.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)5.pr.6.235 : Some of hem [events] comen and bytiden of fre arbitrie or fre wil.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)12/33 : Fre wil is a power, wiþ whiche may freely be lovyd and chosen þat þing whiche resoun knowith and demeþ to be good.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)25 : God hathe govym [read: govyn] man fre arbritracion Wheþer he wyl hymse[lf] saue or his soule per[yll].
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)153/2661 : Mankynde, to don what he wyl do, God hath ȝouyn hym a fre wylle.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)20564 : The goode to savacioun, The evele vn-to dampnacioun, Constreyned no-thyng by destyne, But by ffre wyl and lyberte.
1d.
(a) Of a road, passage, travel, etc.: unobstructed, clear open; ~ entre, free access; (b) law unimpeded, unchallenged; ~ entre, ~ entre and issue (out-going), ~ going, the right to enter and leave one's own property, the privilege of passing through another person's property to gain access to one's own; (c) clear (of something undesirable), clean, innocent; ~ of (fro, from), devoid of, free from, rid of; ~ fro meschef, unharmed; (d) surg. of ulcers: not entangled.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)59a : He..druhede þe reade sea & makede ham freo [Nero: ureo] wei þurh hire.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3244 : On twel[fe] doles delt ist ðe se, xii weiges ðer-in ben faiger and fre.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1684 : This strete..was fre and open at eyther ende.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1155 : Sagittarius..is hot and dreie of kinde: To Jupiter his hous is fre.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)211a/b : Ayre closed in a stoon fondeþ to passe vpward and fyndeþ no free passage for hardnesse of þe stoon.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13079 : Þe king þam lete haf fre entre [to the prison].
- (1419) Proc.Privy C.2.256 : Merchandes of oure land havyng hereaftre fre commyng and goyng to Gene.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)503 : If that the passage openly Hadde be unto me free.
b
- (1421) Indent.Catterick in Archaeol.J.757 : His felaws schall gette lefe and free entre And issue to ye saides masons..to come to ye wherell of Sedbery.
- (1426) Indent.Hawarden in Chs.Sheaf (1891)13 : All londes..and all ye profitez longyng yerto, with fre entre and issue.
- (1439) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.516 : I wil yat my brothir..shal have..the seide x acr of resshefen and redfen at Bregge with free entre.
- (1456) *Indent.Stratford (Wheeler 1.41) : Fre entre and issu in to ye seid wode and oute to cary, draw or bere ye seide wode.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.86/26 : I will also..þat þe forsayde chanons..haue well and in pece In all my maners, wodes and waters..fre fisshyng and fre Entre and owte-goyng.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)181/29 : Þe fore-seyde person..shold haue alonly fre-goynge to her beestes to be waturde at the welle of the brech.
- (1473) Stonor1.135 : Cristine hath graunted to þe same Robt. all..excep the grete chamber with fre goyng therto, and easement of þe Parllour, Kechyn, bakhouse.
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8015 : Þatt genge þatt wass..clene off grediȝnesse, & off galnesse skir & fre.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16318 : All þwerrt ut fre Off all Adamess sinne, Forrþi wass Cristess bodiȝ.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)4.35 : Free ouer alle from worldliche weanen.
- a1300 When y se blosmes (Roy 2.F.8)27 : Of hym nas novt byleved þet of pyne were vre.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3098 : On wind..ðo opperes nam..ðo Pharaun sag is lond al fre.
- ?c1335 Þe grace of godde (Hrl 913)184 : Catel nis bot vanite..And of þe catel be we fre.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2138 : Þou preye þe king for me..Of sake he make me fre.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.272 : Ther was no part of his body free, with oute gret payne and bitter passioun.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)177a/b : Þey haue an Ilonde free and clene with oute venym.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)5923 : Ne was in hus na vessel fre..O þis watur þat sua stanc.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)741 : Quat if faurty be fre, and fauty þyse oþer?
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1825 : Þoruȝ fortune he cam, fro meschef fre, To þe presence of kyng Ydumee.
- a1450(?c1430) Lydg.DM(1) (Hnt EL 26.A.13)70/593 : O ȝe, [Sir] Clerke, suppose ȝe to be fre Fro my daunce.
d
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)42a/b : If it [the aposteme] be fre & noȝt intricate with veynez & arteriez, be þe skyn kut..and be it drawen out holy with his huske.
2a.
(a) Like a freeman; noble in character; gracious, well-mannered; noble in appearance, handsome; --often used in epithets or polite salutations; (b) as noun: person of noble character; gracious or beautiful woman; (c) of things: precious, excellent; of conditions, manners, habits, actions: befitting a freeman, noble; ~ kind, noble nature; (d) of the arts and sciences: noble; the fre artes (sciences), the liberal arts; (e) of a horse: noble, spirited.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)19281 : Longe luuede Vðer..freo on kinedome.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)23574 : Þa andswarede Frolle--freo he wes an heorte.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1174 : O godd, þe is al freo, ne mei nan uuel festnin.
- a1275 On hire is al (Trin-C B.14.39)30 : We biddit hire..þat is so fre.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)202 : Iosep cam..þat hende was & fre.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)100 : Þe Amirales douȝter..þat was so fair and fre.
- a1300 When y se blosmes (Roy 2.F.8)12 : Of iesu crist hi synge, þat is so fayr and fre.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1072 : He [Havelok] was strong and ek fri.
- a1350 Flem.Insur.(Hrl 2253)58 : Lustneþ nou to me, Myn eorles ant my barouns, gentil ant fre.
- c1330(?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch)p.634 : Þat child þat was so fry And of chere bolde.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)386 : Þemperour..fond al his fre ferd.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1391 : She..seruede hem alle at þe mete, & tauȝte þat sche was free.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1657 : O moder mayde, o mayde moder free.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2138 : Rys vp, my wyf, my loue, my lady free.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)236 : Priamus had soones þree, Nobelmen, curtaise and free.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)275 : He watz famed for fre þat feȝt loved best.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.144 : For the love of God, my lady fre..as beth nat wroth with me.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4027 : Yf Bialacoil be sweete and free, Dogged and fell thou shuldist be.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1977 : Adryane spak to hire syster fre.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)662 : The lady..hir leue tase, ffirst at hir fadir and other fre buernes.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)1284 : Furst feoffe þou þerewith þe freyst of þe royaulme.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)159/249 : Thow xalt honour þe trynite, iij personys in oon gode free.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)75 : My lady fre..I come to take my leve of the.
b
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)911 : Rohand he ȝaf þe wand And bad him sitt him bi, Þat fre.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)3046 : Ysonde men calleþ þat fre, Wiþ þe white hand.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)505 : Whan þe fre was in þe forest founde..In comely cloþes was he clad.
- ?a1425 Luke in his lesson leres to (RwlPoet 175)p.285 : Comly he [the angel] knelt opon his o kne And putt furth his fynger full fair to þat fre [Mary].
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3441 : Þanne saide Roland to þat fry: 'Damesele, þow spekest ful cortesly.'
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1549 : Þus hym frayned þat fre.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.128 : O swete herte deere..O goodly fresshe free.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)1140 : Sir Degreuant þat ilke daye..Alle þe pryce of the playe Es putt on þat fre.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)498/35 : Þer faughte þat free [Jesus] with feendis feele.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)7603 : Eneas to Elan Etlit to wend, To se hir in sight, and solas þat fre.
- a1500(c1370) Chaucer Comp.L.(Benson-Robinson)98 : The more that I love yow, goodly free, The lasse fynde I that ye loven me.
- a1500(?c1400) Song Roland (Lnsd 388)614 : Thoughe euery fre wer aferid, fle will we neuer.
c
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)64 : He tok..þe relyqes fayre & free..þe croune & the nayles three.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1413 : Saw ich þanne þat noble man to don a dede free.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2823 : Of body was he a seemly kniȝt, of fair schap & of free.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)203 : Þer he forȝet alle his fre þewez.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)21.108 : Ȝoure fraunchise þat freo was fallen is to þraldom.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)2.76 : Mede is y-maried more for here goodis Þan for ani vertue or fairenesse or any free [C: hye] kynde.
- c1425 Arderne Fistula (Sln 6)97/8 : [W]alwort..is deemed..kynde & free to medicyne in many vsez.
- c1440(a1396) Hilton SP (Thrn)47/11 : Ȝe sall be made drunken with þe freeste wyne in my celer.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3247 : All froytez foddenid was..appon tha free bowes.
- c1440 Thrn.Med.Bk.(Thrn)70/12 : Tak pulioll montane..with..fre rekills.
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)74 : Yf thou sete any store Be armes..To fre instrementis thou hast non nede.
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)424 : Gyltles men, ȝiff þay be, þat are in my presoun ffree [etc.].
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)2986 : Þey brouȝton þese relekes fre.
- c1450(?a1405) Lydg.CBK (Frf 16)302 : What ys this wonder vre Of purveance?
d
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)144/23 : Make ham be taghte and study in hey scyencis and nobles that byth callid libral Sciencis, that is to Say fre scyencis, as gramer, arte, fisike, astronomye, and otheris.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)150/18 : He sholde make his chyldryn to lerne fre Sciencis of Clergi.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1497 : Cassandra..Enformet was faire of þe fre artis.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)41/20 : Yn all fre conynges þou ys best lettridd.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)63/12 : Make hem to study in fre & nobles sciences.
e
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)14.335 : Wheche hors was bothe Fre and kende.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)137/8 : They chaced so sore that they slewe hir horsis undirnethe them, and the horses were so fre that they felle downe dede.
- (1477) Paston (Gairdner)5.294 : It shall never neede to prykk nor threte a free horse.
2b.
(a) Generous, open-handed; ~ herte, kind heart, generosity; ~ of yiftes, liberal in giving; ~ of dispense, openhanded in spending; ~ of, generous with (something); (b) ready or willing (to do something), spontaneous; ~ of speche (tonge, wordes), speaking freely, outspoken, frank; with herte ~, willingly, gladly; (c) furnished without cost to the recipient, gratuitous; ~ almes, voluntary alms; ~ mete, food distributed gratis on a feast day.
Associated quotations
a
- a1250 Wooing Lord (Tit D.18)271 : And hwa is frerre þen þu? For first þu mades al þis werld and dides hit under mine fet.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)75b : Prude salue is eadmodnesse..festschipes, freo [Nero: ureo] heorte.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)107b : Nam ich þinge freoest [Nero: ureoest]? For swa me seið bi large mon þe ne con nawt edhalden.
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.29 : He is fre of hors, þat non ne haveþ.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1015 : For ðat he bad wið herte fre, He it nomen in charite.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)1833 : Sir king of ȝiftes fre.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1061 : William..[was] so fre to feffe alle frekes wiþ ful faire ȝiftes.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.381 : Herodes Agrippa was..fre of ȝiftes [Higd.(2): liberalle; L liberalis].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1233 : Free was daun Iohn, and namely, of dispence.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4728 : If thou hast be Unto thy love or skars or fre.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.1209 : If thow be foul, be fre of thy dispence.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)290b/a : Of his grace of fre herte he [the lion] leueþ som of his pray to oþere bestes.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14397 : Þair aun lauerd..Sua fre giuer of all-kin gode.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.1185 : He..was large & wonder fre, And renomyd of humanite.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)130/13 : Some byth fre to ham-Selfe and to har subiectis, Otheris byth scars.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1168 : Large of yift and free was she.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)15.147 : Such a frende with so fre an herte.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2521 : I was of my love to yow to fre.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)84 : Poure folke for to fede..Of mete was he fre.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)12932 : J schal tellen..of the fre herte, deboneure, & swetnesse, and of the worthyest knyht.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1054/9 : Ever she hath bene large and fre of hir goodis to all good knyghtes.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)51b : Fre: vbi large..liberalis.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)382/470 : When any that nede had..Askyd you help..youre fre harte saide theym neuer nay.
b
- ?a1300 Sirith (Dgb 86)34 : If I mai don ani þing Þat þe is lef, Þou miȝtt finden me ful fre.
- c1300 SLeg.Magd.(2) (LdMisc 108)108 : Þi toungue moste bien i-schaue; to speche heo is to freo.
- c1390 Maidstone PPs.(Vrn)130 : Weore sacrifice to þi likyng, I hedde hit ȝiue wiþ herte fre.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.401 : Of auarice..Is al my prechyng for to make hem free To yeuen hir pens.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.752 : To love is every herte fre.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1540 : Sum owtȝe nat to be Of here wurdys to fre.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)847 : Felle face as þe fyre, & fre of hys speche.
- a1425 Cursor (Glb E.9)27874 : Help þe pouer with hert fre.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)45/61 : I thank þe, lord, with hert ful fre For þis fayr frute.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.121 : Of thy tonge be free in gentill speche.
- a1500 St.Anne(3) (Tan 407)83 : On parte they ȝouyn to god with herte good and fre.
c
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)19 : Crist us ȝef moni freo ȝeue.
- (?1418) Let.War France in Bk.Lond.E.(Gldh LetBk I & K)70 : He shal ordeyne and dispose hem redy shippyng in þys port, and vitaile fre toward þe costes abouesayd.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5070 : She..May a jewel..Take of her loves fre yevyng.
- ?c1430(?1383) Wycl.Curse (Corp-C 296)312 : Where it were betre for to fynde goode prestis by fre almes of þe peple..þan to paie þus tiþes to o worldly prest.
- (?a1450) Doc.in Dugdale Monasticon 1443 : Sche must purvey for a pece of whete, and iij gallons melke for frimete on seynt Alburghs daye.
- (1464) Doc.in HMC Rep.9 App.1230 : Amy Blake, my sustyr, shall haue fre dwellyng terrme of hyr lyf in sum renter of myn.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)180/20 : I woll arere of my wyghteste Walshemen, and of myne owne fre wagis brynge you thirty thousand.
- a1500(a1400) Cleges (Adv 19.1.11)22 : His mete was ffre to euery man.
3a.
Having a privileged status; esp. exempt from something: (a) of a church or monastery: independent of some kinds of external control, exempt from certain duties or exactions; (b) of a people or country: free of alien domination, exempt from tribute; (c) of land or property: exempt from certain taxes and services; freehold; also fig.; (d) of a person: exempt from a tax or toll; freed (from a duty or service); released (from an oath or obligation); (e) of a merchant: at liberty to buy or sell (in a certain city or country).
Associated quotations
a
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.675 : Al swa ic beode..þet seo mynstre beo freo, swa ic for beode..þet ge nan onsting ne hauen of þet mynstre buton swa micel swa þone abbot wile.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9729 : Oþer he [St. Thomas] moste stif be, Oþer holi churche was issent þat mid riȝte was so fre.
- (1415) RParl.4.85a : As free mak I the, as hert may thynk, or eygh may see.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)43/19 : Þat cytee was also..seyntuarie of the tribe of Iuda; and it was so fre [Eg: it had swilk a priuilege; L estoit si franche], þat men resceyued þere all manere of fugityfes.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Mac.10.31 : And Jerusalem be holy and free, with his coostis; and tithis and tributis be of it.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.107 : He..relesede half þe tribute..and heet þat þe Macedoynes schulde be free.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)34 : Wales of were he wane at hys will, Bathe Flaundrez and Fraunce fre til hym seluyn.
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12201 : All iss itt [Godess follkess ahhte] elless skir & freo, Ut off þe deofless walde.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)52/186 : An hondret hidenene of guod lond..he ȝaf..also freo in eche point ase he himsulf it heold er.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1273 : He gaf him a welle and a lond fre.
- (1430) Will Durham in Sur.Soc.280 : To John ffelton his hous fre terme of his lyfe, he to reparell hit.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)138/347-8 : Pilat. What title has þou þerto? is it þyne awne free? Armig. Lorde, fre be my fredome me fallis it.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.34/2 : We commaunde þat alle þe londe and men of thabbot and chanons of Oseney be quite and lose and ffree of shires and hundredis and of wardes and commune pleys.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)30/22 : Fre & quite, for me & all myn eyrys, from all seruice & seculer exaccione.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)128/14 : Þe fore-seide londe sholde turne & abide fre & louse to þe churche of Godestowe, sauinge þe foreseide seruice of þe abbot of Eynysham.
- c1500 Castle Love(3) (Ashm 61)194 : His fre herytage is hym benome.
d
- (1377-99) Oath Bk.Colchester10 : Ȝyf ther be ȝovyn to a man a carte for to com yn to the toun for to takyn his charge, the owener schal payen for the godes, and the cartere fre.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)277/7 : Of Couent labur was he mad fre And nout but þat he wolde dude he.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3240 : O þi trout [Frf: trauþ; Trin-C: ooþ] þan mak i þe fre.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6032 : They shal quyte youre oth all free.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)25/8 : Grawntyth me þat ȝe schal not komyn in my bed..& makyth my body fre to God.
- (a1500) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8560 : Alle Burgese of ye sayd Burgage schall be fre of all maner of toll of ye lord.
e
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2112 : Thus gon thei fre withoute bond To don her profit al at large, And othre men bere al the charge.
- (1454) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2 p.50 : That the seid Chamburleynes admitte no man nor woman to be Portman ne Portwoman butt oonly to selle breed and ale and nott to be Free of eny othour thinge.
3b.
(a) Having membership in the corporation of a city or town, possessing the rights and privileges of a citizen; having the freedom of a city; also fig.; (b) having membership in a craft or guild.
Associated quotations
a
- (1377-99) Oath Bk.Colchester10 : A man that is fre and be fela to a stranger [etc.].
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)4.111 : For-þy mayres..ouhten For to spure..What manere mester oþer merchaundise he vsede, Er he were vnderfonge free and felawe in ȝoure rolles.
- (1418-19) Let.Bk.in Bk.Lond.E.(Gldh LetBk I & K)98 : That no maner persone, fre ne forein, be so hardy..to..medle..with any maner of brocage with-inne þis Cite.
- (1439) LRed Bk.Bristol2.155 : It is ordeyned and assented that no maner persone fro that tyme foreward holde no maner house, shoppe, nor chambre to ocupye ynne his seid Crafte vnto he be accepted free burgeys to the libertees and franchise of Bristow.
b
- -?-(1435) Doc.in Power Craft Surg.313 : And if ony man shall be resseyued into the craft & maad free bi redempcioun, that it be doon bi the assent of alle the iiij maistris..And eueri prentys whanne he is maad free, that thanne the maistris of the craft..schal calle the seid persoonne to hem.
4a.
In terms relating to manorial customs and land tenure: (a) ~ almes, property given to a religious foundation without payment in return and without requirement of services other than spiritual; also, the tenure by which such property is held, frankalmoigne; (b) ~ bole, a bull who runs with the herd; prob., a bull furnished by the lord of the manor [See Coulton, Med.Village 196-8.]; (c) ~ chace, the right to hunt on one's own property; (d) ~ commun, the privilege of sharing in the common pastures of the manor; (e) ~ fishing, the privilege of fishing in waters belonging to the manor; (f) ~ fold, ?the right of a lord to keep the sheep of his tenants in his fold; (g) ~ gift, ?a gift similar to ~ banch or ~ doueri; (h) ~ graunting, ?a gift of land under freehold tenure; (i) ~ servise, a rent owed to the lord of the manor by freehold land; (j) ~ socage, tenure of land by service other than military and without restriction as to sale, inheritance, etc.; (k) ~ tenement, freehold property; ?also, the tenure by which it is held; (1) ~ warein, the right to keep or hunt game in a certain place.
Associated quotations
a
- c1460 Oseney Reg.102/4 : I, William of Hampton..ȝafe and grauntid..þe mede þat is icallid Bradeham, Into ffree, pure, and perpetuell almes..frely and quietly, well and In pece, withoute oony quarell and Demaunde and seculer exaccion.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)215/28 : Rober of A. ..yaf & grauntyd..xx seylons & j..into fre & perpetual almys, as frely & as restfully as ony almus may be yef, fro all seculer seruyce, exaccion, seute of court or demaunde that may be axid of ony tenement.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.898 : Hem thynketh they ben free and han no iuge, namoore than hath a free bole that taketh which cow that hym liketh in the town.
c
- (1467-8) RParl.5.583a : Fre Chace..and with all maner other Libertees and Fraunchises.
d
- c1460 Oseney Reg.44/13 : Þey haue fre commune to þere shepe and hogges and to all other bestes in all my maners.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.86/28 : Þey haue ffre commune to þere shepe..In all my maners and in woodis.
e
- c1460 Oseney Reg.44/11 : Þat þe forsaide chanons..haue..in all my maners, wodis, and waters, pondis and ffischynges, fre fisshyng.
f
- (1473) RParl.6.82a : Landes called Estlandes..togider with all Liberties, Fraunchises..Feires, Markettes, Frefaldes..to any of theym perteignyng.
g
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)334/18 : Petur fitz Gefrei gafe & grauntid to alice..in fre gifte, all his londe.
h
- c1460 Oseney Reg.70/8 : Midley..with all þe same liberteis and customs þe which þere owr aunceturs had with ffre grauntyng of Kynges.
i
- c1460 Oseney Reg.14/16 : With-inne Hokenorton, free seruyce of Hugh ffraunceys of halfe an hide, And oon ȝerde of londe.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.104/32 : Þe forsaide londe..to be holde of her and her heyres to þem and þere heyres for Euer, by ffre seruice of vij s. by ȝere.
j
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)617/16 : Hugh of Maundeuile..gafe, grauntid, & confirmid to Roger of writele of bluntesdon & to his heiris or assinis, for homage & seruice, into fre socage, all þat yerde-londe..for to assine, gife, sille or bequeþe to whom so-euir he [Roger] wille..painge yerli þerof to him [Hugh] & to his heiris ij shillings of siluir.
k
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)47 : Also plee of nusance of free tenement [OF fraunke tenement] be pletyd a fore the ballyvys of the forseyd toune.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)49 : In the mene tyme have they of the othe sight of that nusance and of the fre tenement [OF franc tenement].
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)95 : That is to weten of pleyntes that touche not fre tenement [OF fraunke tenement].
- c1460 Oseney Reg.51/2 : To þe sayde Abbot..free tenementes, rentes and seruices, and þere soyle vppon þe same were.
l
- (1467-8) RParl.5.583a : Fre Waren..and with all maner other Libertees..of old tyme due and accustumed.
4b.
In terms relating to dowry and the marriage laws: (a) ~ ba(u)nch, land or property which a wife was entitled to retain after her husband's death and make use of until her own death, free bench; also, the tenure by which the property was held; (b) ?~ countes, a widowed countess who retains her title and property [see Brown's note]; (c) ~ doueri, cp. ~ banch; (d) ~ mariage, land or property given to a wife at marriage and jointly owned by husband and wife until the husband's death, after which it became the freehold property of the widow; in (into) ~ mariage, as a marriage gift; (e) ~ widwehod, the status of a widow who holds land in her own right.
Associated quotations
a
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)49 : Wommen thatt holden in dower or in name of fre braunch [read: baunch; OF fraunke baunke]..that they susteynyn resonabely in as good poynt and state as they receyvedene hem, to vse of hem to whom the same tenementes after the deth of thoo tenauntes owen to turnen and duellyn.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)139 : Holde shee that mees in name of frebanch, but that the child of hir husbond be herberwyd..Also in right of wommen that after the deth of hir husbond owyn not for to have fre banch, duelle they in the cheif mees.
b
- a1320 Rex regum (Corp-C 59)588 : Rex regum, riche kink..Fre Cuntis, suete þing.
c
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)482/11 : Thomas..[granted to Alice] his wyf, the day that he wedded her, at the chirche dore..the halle with the soler aboue..to the said Alice into her fre dowery al so longe as she lyved.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)518/11 : Alice, somtyme the wyf of Ranulph..graunted..to hugh her sone, for her seruyce, all that mese..with all right and clayme that she had or myght haue..in the name of her fre dowry.
d
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)129/3 : Annore, somtyme the wyf of ser hugh Mortymer..of her owne wille and of her fre mariage, yaf..all the rentis and service..with all the londes of the bondmen.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)253/5 : William fitz Richard and Iulian his wyf, with Petir theire sone and heire consentyng, gaf..the forsaid ij Cotelandes..as William More..helde ever in his dayes, and they after hym of his yifte and graunte in free mariage with the forsaid Iulian his doughtir.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)420/27 : Agas, somtyme the wyf of Iohn Pady..relesed and quyteclaymed for her and her heires..all that mese that she had of yifte or sellyng of the forsaid Iohn Pady..the which mese was her free mariage.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)498/1 : Henry fitz Raaf..and Pernell and denyse..yaf & cetera, into free mariage, with Denyse ther nece, to hugh Cyndatori, a mese in horsemongerstrete.
e
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)129/3 : Annore, somtyme the wyf of ser hugh Mortymer, in her fre wedowhode..yaf, graunted, and by her present charter confermed.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)531/2 : Iohane..in her owne fre wedowhode, yaf & cetera, to hugh hore..a parte of her lond, the which the forsaid Osbert her fadir yaf into fre mariage.
4c.
In miscellaneous legal terms: (a) ~ aquitaunce, an unconditional release from an obligation; (b) ~ borwe, a freeman who becomes a surety; prob., one of the mutually responsible members of a tithing or similar unit, a frank-pledge; (c) ~ custom, a privilege accompanying the title to a freehold estate; (d) ~ faculte, unrestricted right or power to do something; (e) ~ hold, custody without confinement; (f) ~ lawes, laws suitable to free men; (g) ~ liberte, an unrestricted privilege; (h) ~ pardoun, an unconditional or complete pardon; (i) ~ plege, cp. ~ borwe; under ~ plege, jointly responsible for the conduct of the members of a tithing or similar unit; veue of ~ pleges, a court attended by the frank-pledges; (j) ~ pouer, unrestricted power or authority to do something; (k) ~ prisoun, custody, or a place of custody, without torture, as specifically in Limbo (the limbus patrum); (l) ~ court, ~ prisoun, a court, ?a prison, under the jurisdiction of an incorporated city.
Associated quotations
a
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4704 : Love, it is an hatefull pees, A free acquitaunce, withoute relees, A trouthe, fret full of falsheede.
b
- (1159) in Pipe R.Soc.212 : Et freeburge, xxx s. & v d.
- a1325 *Rwl.Statutes [OD col.] (Rwl B.520)lf.31 : Schirreues..ne sullen retornen none names of freboruwes. bote ȝif hoe aperteliche granteden forte ben boruwes.
c
- c1460 Oseney Reg.16/19 : I wille..þe saide church alle þe forsaide possessions and tenentryes holde..with all liberteis and his ffree customs, in men, in howses, in woode and playne.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.147/15 : With all ffredoms and ffree Customs to þe same londe perteynyng.
- (1473) RParl.6.82a : Landes called Estlandes..togider with all Liberties..free Custumes, and all other rightes..to any of theym perteignyng.
- (1475) RParl.6.126b : The Maners and Lordships..and all Knyghtes fees, Advousons..Frecustommes, Rightes..in eny maner wise perteynyng or belongyng.
d
- c1460 Oseney Reg.18/30 : In your churchȝerde ffree faculte to berye we graunt to yow.
e
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)169/12 : And Poule..was sent bondyn to Rome, and there in fre holde he tauȝt þe peple.
f
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)28393 : He bihehte þere burȝe-were auer mare freo laȝe.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)28759 : Her wæs grið, her wes frið, and freoȝ laȝen mid folke.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)657 : Þe abottys Neotys conselle he had þat vniuersite to make with lawys fre.
g
- (1463) GRed Bk.Bristolpt.2 p.66 : The Inhabitauntis..withyn the seid Towne..haue hadd thair Free libertee that all maner of cloths that schold passe in Sherman is playt haue be evenyd In breed In the Reck withoute eany..payment makyng.
- 1471 LRed Bk.Bristol2.132 : Suffre the saide John..to haue his free libertie, and disposicion of alle his landes, goodes, catalles, jouelx and plate.
h
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6628 : He graunted..A saufconduit and a fre pardoun.
i
- (1422) Plea & Mem.in Bk.Lond.E.126 : Item John Dekun and Johane his wif, an hukster of Ale, not vnder fre pleg. Item John Sayer and his wife, an hukster of ale, not vnder fre pleg.
- c1460 Oseney Reg.86/1 : Þat þey and þere men be quite for Euer fro all maner sutes of my courte..and of vywe [of] freplegges.
j
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)215 : [God] ȝaf to man fre power To chese.
- (1420) Dec.Bolour in NPalaeog.Soc.1 (Hrl Charter 83.D.32)249/3 : By fre power and ful estate mad of the forsayde Rychard Seyntbarbe.
- a1475 Godstow Reg.(Rwl B.408)110/15 : Moolde that was the wyf of Symond Alecod, in her wedowhode and fre power, relesed..all the right and clayme.
k
- c1300 Evang.(Dlw 22)201 : Bote þo ilke soulis swete, þa[t] her on liuis sinnis lete, In fre prisun þan was þer sete, to abide þe heste o[f] þe prophete.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)5876,5882 : Ȝif Tirri schal wiþ þe go, In fre prisoun þou schalt him do: þou do him kepe worþschipliche, wiþgret plente manschipliche...; & ich-il lede Herhaud wiþ me, in mi fre prisoun schal he be; Y nil nouȝt he wiþ þe go, to michel iuel þou wost him do.
- a1425 Christ.Belief (LoC 4)10/353 : Þe holy men of þe hold laghe .. were in þe free preson of hell abiand [?read: abidand] þe to-come of Ihesu Crist.
- a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)5753 : Or he deie vpon þe roode, Alle wendiþ to helle, yuel and goode, But alle yliche shullen þei noght Be ypined, but as þei haue wroght, And some shullen be in fre prisoun Til þe time of his passioun.
l
- (a1500) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8558 : Ye Brugese afore sayd schulde haffe yer fre cowrtt for to be haldyn with in ye Burgage.
- (a1500) Doc.in Sur.Soc.8560 : It is grauntyd to thame [the Burgesses of New Malton] a fre prison for all maner of evyll doers.
4d.
maken fre of, to help (oneself) to (another's property); maken ~ over, to make (someone) lord over (something).
Associated quotations
- ?a1300(c1250) Prov.Hend.(Dgb 86)st.28 : Ful baldeliche biswikeþ he me, Þat of mi katel makeþ him fre.
- c1500 Castle Love(3) (Ashm 61)103 : Of paradys he [God] made hym fre Ouer all thynge, saue a tre.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (1388) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)5.90 : [The farm of the oven amounts to 42 s. yearly and there are 4 s. from] frepeny [payable at Michaelmas only].
Note: New cpd.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)2.338 : Whiche shall for man, be so goode ameyn That he shal nowe escape dawngerles Amyddes the foreste, fre from euery trappe.
Note: Postdates 1d.(c)
Note: ?Closest to 1d.(c) which has only fig.
- a1475 Gawain & CC (Brog 2.1)643 : The mynstrellis had yeftys fre That þey myght þe better be To spende many a day.
Note: ?sense
- (1474) in Salzman Building in Engl.124 : [Paid…for the digging and removal of the earth…8 ft. in depth down to the stones called] le freebedde.
Note: Additional quote(s)
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: There are Latin analogs to the phrase fre prisoun. See, e.g., DMLBS the phrase carcer liber, s.v. carcer, defined as "free custody" (c 1258 "dicit quod senescallus .. optulit ei predictam marcam pro predicto T. et aliis per sic quod possunt esse in libero carcere" (JustIt 873) SelCWW 85 (cf. ib. 112: "in libera prisona")." Also DMLBS s.v. liber, the phrases ~era custodia, ~era prisona, defined as ('apparently'), "confinement, or prison, in which freedom of movement is allowed" : "solutus est sanctus et in ~era custodia tentus" W. Malm. GP III 101; "ab hominibus ejus captus, in ~era custodia habebatur" Id. GR IV 349; 1333 "nullus patriota debet imprisonari in castro, nisi in casu criminali vitam vel membrum tangenti, .. sed in aliis ~eris prisonis ad hoc deputatis" (Cust.) CartINorm. p. 3."