Middle English Dictionary Entry
florishen v.
Entry Info
Forms | florishen v. Also florissen, florshen, florchen, flur(i)shen, flurisen, florichen. P. & ppl. florished, florisht. |
Etymology | OF floriss-, extended stem of florir; cp. L flōrēscere. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To put forth flowers or leaves or shoots, to bear flowers, to bloom, to burgeon; (b) ppl. florished, florishing, full of blossoms or shoots, adorned with flowers or leaves, in bloom, blossoming, burgeoning; -- also fig.; florished with floures.
Associated quotations
a
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)95 : Be þe uirtue of þise trawe, wexeþ, florisseþ, and makeþ frut alle þe oþre trawes.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Hab.3.17 : The fijge tree shal not florishe [WB(2): floure; L florebit].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.636 : To smelle the soote sauour of the vyne whanne it florissheth.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)905 : Here vynys florshede [vr. floreschedyn] feyre & weyl.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21701 : Quilk wand þat suld bere blome Suld haf þe preistes-hede..þar florist [Frf: florisht; Phys-E: flurist] an.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5665 : [Þe spere] gan anon..To florische & floure & buddyn by myracle.
- a1425(c1384) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ezek.17.24 : Y made the drye tree for to florisshe [L frondere; WB(2): to brynge forth boowis].
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)53b/b : Pululo: borienen or fleryshe.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)167 : Florschyn: Floreo.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)214/9 : Erth floryches not, ne berez frute, bot it take reyn.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1119/4 : Trees and erbys burgenyth and florysshyth in May.
- a1500(?c1425) Spec.Sacer.(Add 36791)91/38 : In veere..oþer herbes and floures floresche in trees.
- a1500 St.Anne(3) (Tan 407)361 : Þe ȝerd..florysshyd ful fayre with leef & with floure.
b
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2438 : Þei..founden þan a fayr forest, floriched ful þik.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)16860 : Þe rode it was wit leif and barc florist ful selcuthli.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)35/28 : The gardyn is alweys grene & florisshing.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)45/28 : The feld Floridous, þat is to seyne, the feld florissched [Eg: Florischt].
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)126/30 : A fayr pertre in þe myddys, al floreschyd wyth flowerys.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)81/14 : We hafe lykyng..to bihalde faire feldes alouer floresched wit flores.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Eg 615)4.1.56b : Which appil grew..upon this same florisshing tree.
- a1500 Chartier Quad.(2) (Rwl A.338)224/29 : This noble Marcius .. was in his florishyng youthe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2735-7 : Medoes bene grene, And all florisshet with floures þe fildes aboute; Burions of bowes brethit full swete, fflorisshet full faire.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4717 : Now gase he..& a fild entris, Vmfaldin with a faire wod florischst out ouire Of Appils & almands.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)381/5 : Þis dry stowr..is now fayr florisshid & beris levis.
- a1500(?a1425) Lambeth SSecr.(Lamb 501)90/34 : Ilk þinge florysshand þat berys noght fruyt ys attityld to Mercury.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)191 : These wodes and medowes beth florished grene.
2.
Of a beard: to grow profusely; of a deer: to grow fat; of color: to be bright.
Associated quotations
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)111a/b : He reuleþ þe feet & ȝeueþ..a florischinge berd & faire.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)37b/a : Signez of cause of colre: akyng stronge hete, sharpnez & rede floreshing [L rubor floridus] in þe eie.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)71 : He [the hart] was floreschede full faire of two fyngere brode.
3.
Of persons, cities, etc.: to prosper, to thrive; to be famous or illustrious.
Associated quotations
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)91.12 : Þe ryȝtful shal floris [L florebit] as palme.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ps.89.6 : Erli as an erbe passe he, erli flurshe [vr. floure; L floreat] he, and passe.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.173 : In his tyme..Libertus, þe doctour, florischeþ [L claruit] at Rome.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2185 : A man that is ioyous and glad in herte, it hym conserueth florisshynge in his age.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21222 : In lagh he was selcutli lele, In vertuz florisand.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22230 : Grece & pers War hefd kingrikes..Wit pouste florist [Frf: florissht; Trin-C: florisshed] mast o pride.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6233 : Men may in seculer clothes see Florishen hooly religioun.
- a1425 Christ.Belief (LoC 4)17/641 : Þe yuel and þe synfull .. haue ale þat þham likes and florychs in þis werld wid werldly welth.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)1.m.1.4 : I..that whilom in florysschyng studie made delitable ditees.
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)7 : In the tyme that greke Troye fflorishede in his grete name..Hector of Troye, the which that tyme ffloryshed in vertues.
- (1449) Metham AC (Gar 141)2176 : Thys lady was..Floryschyng the seuyn and twenty xxvij yere off the sext kyng Henry.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)9a : For ȝit þat tyme ne had noȝt þe comunalte of citees and contrees brouȝt forþ þe florsching Iuvente of ȝong men.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)970 : Mans Florchynge flesch, Fayre, frele & Fresch, I rape to rewle in a rese.
- c1450(?c1400) 3 KCol.(1) (Cmb Ee.4.32)8/21 : Þe citee of Acon..florisshed and stode in his vertue, Ioye, and prosperite.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)184/17 : Haue no disdeygne, thoue wyckede men florysch in prosperite.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1119/6 : Every lusty harte..buddyth and florysshyth in lusty dedis.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)26.9 : Ill men florysis in ese & ioy.
- a1500 St.Aug.Contemptu Mundi (Hrl 1706)374 : Þese peplys a lytyle whyle floryschydden in her lustys.
4.
(a) To adorn (something), decorate; to illuminate (a book, letters in a book); to stain (glass); (b) fig. to adorn (the heart, soul); to make (falsehood) attractive; (c) to adorn or embellish (a tale, speech) with rhetoric; ppl. florishing as adj.: eloquent; florished speche (wordes), fine words, elegant language; (d) cook. to garnish (a dish).
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Rich.(Auch)116/100 : Ich haue a castel..Wele y florist [vrr. iflurshed, yfflorysched, floreste, flourysshed] wiþ kirnels.
- (1399) *Acc.Exch.K.R.473/11.m.3 [OD col.] : Pro lxvj pedibus vitri florshid cum volatilibus emptis pro vj fenestris, iiij li. viij s.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5030 : I can my wirke..make fair, So peint & florische, it schal nat apeire.
- a1425-a1500(?c1350) Libeaus (Kaluza)1895 : Þe pilers..semely wer of siȝte, Of jasper and fin cristall, Yflourished wiþ amall.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)167 : Floryschyn bokys: Floro.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)771 : Hys feete ware floreschede all in fyne sabyll.
- (1445-6) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1393 : Et in denariis solutis Johanni Prudde vitriatori pro xx pedibus vitri floryshid ab eo emptis pro fenestris.
- (1446-7) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1394 : [A kind of glass] vocati florisshed glasse cum diuersis ymaginibus.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)82 : He sittes his duspers Imange..With a floreschede thonwange.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.1115 : I se som men..fflorisshe her chambres and hang her halles.
- c1450(?a1400) Chestre Launfal (Clg A.2)270 : An ern þer stod Of bournede golde..Iflorysched with ryche amall.
- c1450(?c1425) St.Mary Oign.(Dc 114)151/6 : Þe fadir made a cote..floryshed wiþ alle the floures of goddes gardyns.
- c1500 Col.Let.MSS Hast.in HMC (Hnt HM 1051)1.421 : Small lettris blew and rede the c at jd.,...Small lettris blew and rede florisshid, prec. c ijd.,...Small lettris gold and blew florisshed, the c iiijd.
b
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)17.133 : The feorthe is a fortune þat florisshiþ þe soule With sobrete.
- c1440 Treat.Prayer (Thrn)297 : Prayere frely floresches oure saules with flores of swetnes.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1119/22,24 : Lyke as May moneth flowryth and floryshyth in every mannes gardyne, so in lyke wyse lat every man of worshyp florysh hys herte.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)484 : Þe devell is ful queynte..And fluricheþ his falsnes opon fele wise.
c
- c1390 Disp.Virg.& Cross (Vrn)497 : Þeiȝ þis tale beo florisshed with faire flour.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)3063 : Flourshed wurdys, and oþer whyle louely, Are ful of pryde and trechery.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4775 : Eneas gan to goon betwene With florisshed speche ful of flaterie.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6139 : Who þat swereth falsly in his speche, Florisshinge outward by a fair colour..He is forsworn.
- a1450(?1400) In blossemed buske (Dgb 102)27 : I plese my lord..And florische fayre my lordis word, And fede hem forth with nay and ȝee.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)109.8 (v.2:p.164) : Seynt Leo the pope .. was a right eloquent man .., in syngyng and psalmodyeng crafty and curious, in his tunge scolely and capcious .., vtrrryng his sentence to the peple on the moste florisshyng wises [cp. L (Vitae et res gestae pontificum romanorum): singularem eloquentiam].
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.33 : I can no Retorik ne floresshed eloquence.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)445 : Þey deprauen hem to þer parischens bi floriȝshid wordis.
d
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)26 : Þenne messe it forth and florissh it with aneys.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)426 : And florish the dishes with pouder douce.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)180 : There come in at þe fyrste course..Flesch fluriste of fermyson.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)30 : Florche it abouyn with Pomegarned.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.9 : And þen þy dysshe With almondes set þou schalle florysshe..And florysshe þy dysshe with pouder þou myȝt.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)105 : Sesson it with sugur and florishe it with almondes.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)107 : Florisshe it with sugur and guingere.
- a1485 *Hrl.1735 Cook.Recipes (Hrl 1735)115 (f.18r) : Florysch þe dysch with fryed almondys.
5.
(a) To brandish (a weapon); of a weapon: to be brandished; (b) fig. to make a show of (something), to flaunt.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))2 Mac.11.8 : An horsman apeeride..florishynge [L vibrans] a shaft.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Job 39.23 : An arowe caas schal sowne on hym; a spere and scheeld schal florische [WB(1): braundishen].
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Job 41.20 : He schal scorne a florischynge [L vibrantem] spere.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Ps.7.13 : He schal florische his swerd.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)281 : He hathe men in Batell lerede Þat wele kon feghte with floresched swerde.
b
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)341 : Summe florishen oþir names.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)71 : And I s[lit]te hym at þe assaye to see how me semyde, And he was floreschede full faire of two fyngere brede.
Note: New sense.
Note: 'lined with fat'
Note: !Quot. already used under 2.: 'Of a beard: to grow profusely; of a deer: to grow fat; of color: to be bright.'
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?a1425 Add.18216 Artist.Recipes (Add 18216) 200/5 : Ȝif þu wylt make brasyle forto flourissche with letteres oþer rwele with bokys [etc.].
- a1500 Ashm.750 Artist.Recipes (Ashm 750) 255/21 : Tak gomme water, and put þerto a pece of tornesole, and let it stepe well, and þan wryng þe juse thorw a cloth and florys or wryte þerwith.
Note: Additional quotes, sense 4.(a).
Note: New spellings (flourissche, floris [v. imp.]).