Maison rustique, or The countrey farme· Compyled in the French tongue by Charles Steuens, and Iohn Liebault, Doctors of Physicke. And translated into English by Richard Surflet, practitioner in physicke. Now newly reuiewed, corrected, and augmented, with diuers large additions, out of the works of Serres his Agriculture, Vinet his Maison champestre, French. Albyterio in Spanish, Grilli in Italian; and other authors. And the husbandrie of France, Italie, and Spaine, reconciled and made to agree with ours here in England: by Geruase Markham. The whole contents are in the page following

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Title
Maison rustique, or The countrey farme· Compyled in the French tongue by Charles Steuens, and Iohn Liebault, Doctors of Physicke. And translated into English by Richard Surflet, practitioner in physicke. Now newly reuiewed, corrected, and augmented, with diuers large additions, out of the works of Serres his Agriculture, Vinet his Maison champestre, French. Albyterio in Spanish, Grilli in Italian; and other authors. And the husbandrie of France, Italie, and Spaine, reconciled and made to agree with ours here in England: by Geruase Markham. The whole contents are in the page following
Author
Estienne, Charles, 1504-ca. 1564.
Publication
London :: Printed by Adam Islip for Iohn Bill,
1616.
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Subject terms
Agriculture -- Early works to 1800.
Hunting -- Early works to 1800.
Cite this Item
"Maison rustique, or The countrey farme· Compyled in the French tongue by Charles Steuens, and Iohn Liebault, Doctors of Physicke. And translated into English by Richard Surflet, practitioner in physicke. Now newly reuiewed, corrected, and augmented, with diuers large additions, out of the works of Serres his Agriculture, Vinet his Maison champestre, French. Albyterio in Spanish, Grilli in Italian; and other authors. And the husbandrie of France, Italie, and Spaine, reconciled and made to agree with ours here in England: by Geruase Markham. The whole contents are in the page following." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A00419.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 14, 2024.

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CHAP. XVI.
Of grafting in the bud after the manner and forme of a Scutcheon.

FOr to graft after the manner of a Scurcheon, you shall not varie and dif∣fer much from the manner of grafting which is after the fashion of a flute or pipe, saue onely that the Scutcheon-like graft hauing one eyelet as the other hath, yet the wood of the Tree whereupon the Scurcheon∣like graft is grafted, hath not any knob or bud, as the wood whereupon the barke is grafted in manner of a pipe: wherefore in both the sorts of grafting, we may follow the forme and order which followeth.

In Sommer when the trees are well replenished with sap, and that their new sien∣ces begin to grow somewhat hard, you shall take a shoot at the end of the braunches of some noble and reclaimed Tree, whereof you would aine haue some fruit, and not maine it of his old store or wood, and from thence raise a good eyelet the tayle and all, thereof to make your graft: but when you chuse, take the thickest and gros∣sest: diuide the taile in the middest before you doe any thing else, casting away the leafe (if it be not a Peare-plum-tree,) for the Scutcheon graft of a Peare-plum-tree, would haue two or three leaues) without remouing any more of the said taile: after∣ward with the point of a knife that is verie sharpe and will cut well, cut out of the barke of the said shoot, the patterne and resemblance of a Scutcheon or Shield, of the length of a naile, in vvhich there is onely one eyelet higher than the middest, together with the residue of the eaile which you haue left behind: and for the lifting vp of the said graft in Scutcheon, after that you haue cut the barke of the shoot round about without cutting of the wood within, you must take it gently with your thumb; and in pulling it away, you must presse vpon the wood, from which you pull it, that to you may bring the bud and all away together with the Scutcheon, for and if you

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should leaue it behind with the wood, then the rest of the Scutcheon were nothing worth. You shall find out if the Scutcheon be nothing worth, if looking within it, when it shall be pulled away from the wood of the shoot, you find it to haue a hole within, but more manifestly, if the bud be stayed behind with the wood in the shoot, when it ought to haue beene in the Scutcheon. Thus your Scutcheon being well rai∣sed and taken off, hold it a little by the taile betwixt your lips, without wetting of it, euen vntil you haue cut the barke of the tree where you would graft it, and looke that it be cut without anie wounding of the wood within, after the fashion of a 〈◊〉〈◊〉, but somewhat longer than the Scutcheon that you haue to set in it, and in no place cutting the wood within.

After you haue made incision, you must open it and make it gape wide on both sides, but in all manner of gentle handling and entreatie, and that with little 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of bone; and separating the wood and the barke a little within, euen so much at the Scutcheon is in length and breadth, you must take heed that in doing hereof you doe not hure the brake. This done, take your Scutcheon by the end, and the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 which you haue left remaining, and put it into the incision made in the tree, listing vp 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the two sides of the incision with the said little Scizars of bone, and cause the said Scutcheon to ioyne and lye as close as may be vnto the wood of the tree (being 〈◊〉〈◊〉 hath beene said) in weighing a little vpon the end of the rind so cut, and let the vpper part of the Scutcheon lye close vnto the vpper end of the incision or barke of the said tree: afterward, bind your Scutcheon about with a band of hempe, as thicke as the pen of a quill, more or lesse, according as the tree is small or great, taking the same hempe in the middest, to the end that eyther part of it may performe a little seruice in wreathing and binding of the said Scutcheon, into the incision of the Tree, and it must not be tied too strait, for that would keepe it from taking, the joyning of the one sappe to the other being hindered thereby, and neither the Scutcheon no yet the hempe must be moist or wet. And the more justly to bind them together, begin at the backside of the tree, right ouer against the middest of the incision, and from thence come forward to joyne them before, aboue the eyelet and taile of the Scut∣cheon (crossing your band of hempe so oft as the two ends meet) and from hence recurning backe againe, come about and tie it likewise vnderneath the eyelet, and thus cast your band about still forward and backward, vntill the whole cleft of the incision be couered aboue and below with the said hempe, the eyelet onely excep∣ted and his taile, which must not be couered at all; this taile will fall away one 〈◊〉〈◊〉 after another, and that shortly after the ingrafting, if so be that the Scutcheon will take, Leaue your trees and Scutcheons thus bound for the space of one month, and the thicker, a great deale longer time; afterward looke them ouer, and if you 〈◊〉〈◊〉 them growne together, vntie them, or at the least cut the hempe behind, and le•••• them vncouered, cut also your branch two or three fingers aboue, that so the impe may prosper the better, and thus let them remaine till after Winter, about the mo∣neth of March and Aprill. If you perceiue that the bud of your Scutcheon swell and come forward, then cut off the tree three fingers or thereabout about the Scut∣cheon: for and if it should be cut off too neere the Scutcheon, a such time as it pur∣tech forth his first blossome, it would be a meanes greatly to hinder the flowing of it, and cause also that it should not thriue and prosper so well: after that one yeare 〈◊〉〈◊〉 past, and that the shoot beginneth to be strong, beginning to put forth the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 bud and blossome, you must goe forward to cut off in biace wife the three fingers 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the top of the tree, which you left there when you cut it in the yeare going before, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 hath beene said. When your shoot shall haue put forth a good deale of length, you must sticke downe there euen hard joyning thereunto little stakes, tying the toge∣ther verie gently and easily, and these shall stay your shoots, and prop the vp, le∣ting the wind for doing any harme vnto them.

In this sort you may easily graft white Rose-trees in red Rose-trees, and red Rose-trees in white Rose-trees, to haue Roses of diuers sorts vpon one and the same Rose-tree. You may graft after the same manner two or three Scutcheons, prouided that

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they be all of one side: for they would not be equally set together in height, because that so they might all become staruelings: neither would they be one directly ouer another: for the lower would stay the rising vp of the sap of the Tree, and so those which were aboue should consume in penurie, and vndergoe the foresaid incon∣uenience.

You must note, that the Scutcheon which is gathered from the Sience of a Tree whose fruit is sowre, must be cut in a square forme, and not in the plaine ashion of a Scutcheon.

It is ordinarie to graft the sweet Quince-tree, bastard Peach-tree, Abricot-tree, Iujube-tree, sowre Cherrie-tree, sweet Cherrie-tree, and Chesnut-tree after this fa∣shion: how beit they might be grafted in the cleft more easily and more profitably, although that diuers be of a contrarie opinion. As thus for example:

Take of the grafted of the sweet Quince-tree, and bastard Peach-tree, of the fairest wood and best fed that you can find growing vpon the wood of two yeares old, be∣cause the wood is not so firme and solide as the others, and you shall graft them vp∣on small plum-tree stockes, being of the thicknesse of ones thumbe: these you shall cut after the fashion of a goats foot, you shall not goe about to make the cleft of any moe sides than one, being about a root high from the ground, you must open it with your small wedge; which being thus grafted, it will seems to you that it is open but of one side, afterward you shall wrap it vp with a little mosse, putting thereto some gummed Waxe or Clay, as hath beene said before, and bind it vp with Oziar, to eepe it the surer, because the stocks is not strong ynongh of it selfe for to hold it, and you shall furnish it euerie manner of vvay, as others are deale withall. And this kind of grafting is more profitable, and sooner growne vp than that which is done in the forme of a Scutcheon.

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