Maison rustique, or The countrey farme· Compyled in the French tongue by Charles Steuens, and Iohn Liebault, Doctors of Physicke. And translated into English by Richard Surflet, practitioner in physicke. Now newly reuiewed, corrected, and augmented, with diuers large additions, out of the works of Serres his Agriculture, Vinet his Maison champestre, French. Albyterio in Spanish, Grilli in Italian; and other authors. And the husbandrie of France, Italie, and Spaine, reconciled and made to agree with ours here in England: by Geruase Markham. The whole contents are in the page following

CHAP. XVII.

Of other sorts of kinds of grafting vpon all sorts of Trees.

YOu may graft in the bud, by taking vp the bud of a young shoot or plant, and putting it with a little barke in the place of another, which you shall haue pulled from the Tree, vvhereupon you meane to graft, bin∣ding it there aboue and below in manner as hath beene said of the Scut∣cheon-like graft, and this may be done at the same time, and vpon the same trees.

You may graft all manner of grafts, vpon all manner of trees after this manner: Make two pits, foure foot euerie way, and the one hard by the other, in the one of these plant an Oliue-tree, and in the other a Figge-tree, or any other such like sort of Trees as shall best please you: when the Oliue-tree hath taken root, you shall bow downe such plants of the same as seemeth vpto you the fairest of the rest, and bind them to the foot of the said Figge-tree: this being done, cut away all the other plants of the said Oliue-tree, except they be such as you meane in like manner to graft: then cut downe the Figge-tree, and make smooth and euen the cut: after this, clause it in the middest with a wedge, after which scape both the sides of the ends of the sien∣ces of the Oliue-tree, such as the Tree beareth, and put them in the cleft of the Fig-tree, in such manner as that they may reach through, afterward ••ome the said cleft of the Figge-tree on the one side and on the other with tough ••ome, and tie fast with∣in the stocke of the said Figge-tree, the said plants, in such sort as that a man cannot pull them away. Thus three yeares after, the Figge-tree and Oliue-tree will grow together, and the fourth yeare when they are well growne, you shall cut and vn∣co••ple the plants of the said Oliue-tree from it, as is done in propagating, so they

shall seeme not to appertaine any longer vnto the Oliue-tree. This manner of graf∣ting is verie vsuall in the Countrie of Mans, where I remember I haue rasted of a grape which had the cast of a nut: because the vine that bare this grape, had beene grafted into a nut-tree, and after that manner that I haue now spoken of.

To graft in a Canon, Flute, or Cornet, is thus per••ormed: You must raise a long Gun or Canon hauing two or three eyelets, from oft a new and reclaimed plant, that is a finger thicke or thereabout, and cleaue it casily the whole length of it: after, you must raise of the barke of some branch of a plant, of the like thicknesse, a Canon of the like length to the former, and in place of this later, you must make fast the fore∣said Canon of the said barke of the new branch, as forward and close as it can be set, and the superfluous barke of that wherewith there is nothing intended to be done, is bestowed vpon this thus grafted to defend it: after this, it is tied aboue and below the eyelets so carefully, as that they may not be hutt, then you must cut away the wood which is aboue the root, and worke it ouer with gummed waxe all along the seames, and at the end.

To graft in the bodie of a Tree is thus: You must pierce the stocke of a Tree with a wimble euen vnto the pith, and afterward cleansing the hole of the wimble 〈◊〉〈◊〉 well, you must by force put a graft thereinto, which hath two or three eyelets with∣in, and then after that close vp the hole verie sure with waxe.

To graft vpon a Willow, or Colewort: Make in the pole of a Willow, or stocke of a Colewort, two holes, reaching to the marrow or pith, either halfe a foot from the other, set therein as it were by force euen in either of them, a graft of such fruit as you your selfe will, hauing their barkes seraped off, and this in such fo••t as that the holes be stope all of them therewith: after this, you must stop the same holes verie will with Waxe, pricking downe the said pole within halfe a foot of some water, after such a manner as that the grafts may be three fingers vnder the earth, and at the end of the yeare when it hath taken root, cut the plant in peeces, and plant euerie graft where you your selfe will.

Thus you may graft in the Crowne: You must cut oft the bodie of a great Tree, rather than a little or thinne one vp on high, but yet it may not be old, though it may haue a hard barke rather than a soft and thinne: afterward, you must open it vp a∣boue on high, in three or foure places, in the cut of the barke of the said s••ocke: which done, you must with the helue of a penknife of bone being verie sharp•• poin∣ted, put into euerie one of those opened places a graft, gathered from the most Easterly part of his owne Tree, then you must stop and couer well with to••gh 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or clay the wound that is aboue, and lay a good cap vpon it, so as that neither the raine may be able to wash and corrupt it, neither yet the ayre to drie and chinker it: after this, you must tie the Tree with a coard or band neere vnto the place where the Tree was sawed of••, that so it cleaue not, then you must thrust in your wedge betwixt the barke and the wood, after which, it remaineth that these grafts be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to set round about the bodie of the Tree, one distant from another, no lesse than foure fin∣gers: then, for the shutting vp of the matter, taking away the coard or girth, you must tie the barke with a companie of Oziers, being of that length as that they may goe about the bodie of the Tree three or foure turnes and doubles, that so by this meanes the grafts may be garded, and stand fast against the winds and whatsoeuer o∣ther violence: and against the bodie of the Tree you must set a stake or prop, for to beat it vp and stay it, taking away all the shoots that are about it: because that by how much the number shall be the lesse, by so much the more will the sap proout the strength and grouth of boughs.

Some doe graft in a Sience after this manner: They make way into the Tree, and that to the verie pith thereof with a penknife, and after grafting a plant therein, stop it vp close with Waxe. Otherwise, and the likelier, some take a sience of one joy••••, and writh it, afterward taking from it his joynts and bark, and so graft it vpon a sheet as thicke as it selfe, and it taketh quickly.

To graft in a morsell, you must take in the moneth of March a peece of the thick∣nesse

of ones thumbe, and sufficient broad and long, together with the eyelet and si∣ence belonging thereto, and so verie speedily graft it altogether vpon the braunches of another Tree, cleauing the barke into three or foure, and fastening it thereto ve∣rie close and strait, and vnto the head of the stocke, if so be that the morsell goe into the barke of the other, without hurting of his owne barke: it being thus grafted, will take without any other thing or preparatiue: notwithstanding it would doe no euill to put tough ••ome or earth tempered thicke vpon the said joynt, and to tie it well with some little peece of Woollen cloth about the morsell, not touching the eyelet in any case. In Iune and Iuly you may graft in this manner on high vpon braunches without vsing of any band thereto: and when this morsell hath well taken, some doe vse to cut off that part of the branch that is aboue.

Some graft vpon poles after this manner: vvith a French wimble they pearce a pole of Willow, or other white wood in many places, but with this caueat, that the holes be halfe a foot one from another: afterward, they put in these holes thus pear∣ced great store of shoots of such Trees as they are disposed to graft, and thus they set them in the ground, in such sort as that nothing but the end of the shoot is seene: alter which, if so be they take, the pole is broken, and they remoued into other places.

Some there are that make impes of Peare-trees and Apple-trees in a greene lath of vvitch-bazell, where they put their grafts, betwixt the barke and the wood, and going afterward to chuse a moist place, therein they burie the said greene lath halfe a foot deepe, leauing the shoots a foot long, of which they gather some impes, which they cut away, as also the band of the lath where they are grafted, and transplant them 〈◊〉〈◊〉 other places, where it liketh them best: but this is not counted the surestand most infallible way.

In Normandie likewise they make plants of sprigs and new braunches growing vp from the ••eet of the Peare-trees and Apple-trees, these they cleaue in foure quar∣••ers and in the middest of them they put the end of a Barly care, or else a Beane, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 reported by that meanes to breed good and naturall trees, without any other ma∣••ner of grafting of them: but I am of opinion, that neither the Beanes not yet the Barly doe any good for the helping of them to take root, because that commonly ••uch s••ockes as are planted doe not put forth root at the end of the foot, but higher, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 almost euen at the top of the earth, there being the most nourishing part of the ••arth.

Some put young braunches and sprigs into the ground, yea and the thin rindes of ••lum-trees, which afterward take root, and thereupon they plant abricots, but this ••ommonly happencth in a moist, good, and fruitfull soyle.

Some doe ordinarily plant stockes of the Garden-quince-tree, and graft Peare-••rees thereon, as also Apple-trees and great Peaches, the fruits whereof tast as if they ••ere Peach-plums, but they must be grafted halfe a foot within the ground, because ••hey neuer haue any faire trunke, and being grafted thus low, the graft will put forth ••oots of it selfe, which will make it endure and continue the longer time.

Some haue likewise found out a way to graft the vine, which is a verie singular ••nd profitable thing, for hauing a vine that is not of a good plant, you may by graf∣••ing of it, soonet come to haue fruit, than by pulling of it vp, and planting another 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the place.

Some graft vpon the foot of a plant, which is a great fault, because that at the most ••rom thence they cannot gather abo••e two or three impes, putting things also in ad∣••enture, as well by reason they are not sure that they will take, as also because that the ••ranch is not strong ynough to defend it selfe from the wind. Notwithstanding see∣••ng that the vine taketh root of it selfe, you may make a triall what it will doe by graf∣••ing it vpon a branch after this manner:

Make a great pit, like as if you would burie some Tree, then make your choyce ••rom the foot or stocke of some vine which pleaseth you not, of certaine braunches ••hich you shall find fit and meet to receiue grafts, wh••ther they be new wood, or of

two or three yeares growth, cut them off and cleaue them some three or foure finge••, euen vp vnto some ioint: then sharpen the other branch which you meane to graft, and sticke it in the cleft of the other, ioyning together the rind of the clouen one 〈◊〉〈◊〉 euerie side, in such sort, as that they may seeme to be but one, wrapping round aboue some mosse, and after binding it vp with some pack-thread, or else with Ozie••••, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 well. Hauing thus done, prepare a place where you will set it, and lay don•••• your your graft, after the manner and fashion that you vse in propagating: then lay alide Horse dung, not throughly rotten, vpon the place where you haue joyned the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 branches. By this meanes, of one Vine-stocke you shall make manie, turning in the earth vpon your grafts of the stocke of the Vine, as is done when one lay••••h Vines in the ground. Afterward acquaint your grafts with little stakes, as is vsed in propa∣gating, and these impes doe thriue and grow as well as the propagated, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 fruit as soone.

You may likewise make the like kind of grafts vpon Pomegranat-trees, Nut-trees, Rose-trees, and other such like low and little trees.

Notes

• To graft i•• a canon.
• To graft in the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of a Tree.
• To graft vpon a willow.
• To graft in a Crowne▪
• To graft in a 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• To graft in a Morsell.
• To graft in poles.
• To graft the vine.