Middle English Dictionary Entry
cǒnnen v.
Entry Info
Forms | cǒnnen v. Also cun(n)en & (N) can. Forms: sg. 1 & 3 can, con; sg. 2 cans(t, cons(t & (N) can; pl. cǒnnen, cunnen & (S) conneth, cunneth, (N) can; pr. sbj. sg. cǒnne, cunne; p. sg. 3 cǒuthe, coude; sg. 2 cǒuthest, cǒudest, cǒust; p.ppl. cǒnne(n, cunne(n & cǒnned & cǒuth, cǒud. |
Etymology | OE cunnan; sg. 1 & 3 can, con, sg. 2 canst, const, pl. cunnon & cunneþ; pr. sbj. sg. cunne, pl. cunnen; p. cūþe; ppl. -cunnen & cūþ. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. cǒuth adj.
1.
To have ability, capability, or skill: be able (to do sth.), be capable (of doing sth.), know how (to do sth.); -- (a) with complementary inf.; (b) with a clause or phrase expressing the complementary action.
Associated quotations
a
- 1123 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1123 : Swa mycel hearm..swa nan man hit cuðe oþer secgen.
- a1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1127 : Of his utgang ne cunne we iett noht seggon.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Mare þanne we cunnen sæin we þolenden.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)56/11 : & þe þe reden cunne, þe ræde.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2958 : Drihhtin me ȝifeþ witt & mihht..Þatt I shall cunnenn cwemenn Godd.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)9809 : Þatt maȝȝ & cann & wile himm ȝeorne clennsenn.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)11969 : Þatt teȝȝ cuþenn tellenn spell Off deop & dærne lare.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)213 : Mare he ane mei forȝeuen þen al folc gulte cunne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)16968 : Men þat cuðen hæuwen stan.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)17170 : Nauest þu neuere nenne mon..þe cunne wærc makien þe nauere nulle trukien.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)635 : Greiðe al þet [tu] const grimliche bi þenchen.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1322 : We ne cunnen, & tah we cuðen, ne nullen ne ne duren warpen na word aȝein.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1642 : Constu bulden a burh inwið i þin heorte?
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)12/8 : Eauer-euich bitternesse þet tu const on biþenchen.
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)134 : Þu miht..muchele bet biseon to me þen ich kunne siggen.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1420 : ȝif þu hit const ariht at holde.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)79 : Or he it biðenken can.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)127 : Wat if ðe man war wurðe & weren him cunne?
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)84/142 : He kan rede þe ariȝt.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)369 : Til þat he kouþen speken wit tunge.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)623 : Til þat þu cone ful wel bere Helm on heued.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)289 : Ne kuðe he nogt blinne for to don an oðer sinne.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2114 : Ne was non so wis man..ðe kude vn-don ðis dremes bond.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)2480 : Þeos men beoþ dronke..hi ne conne hare tonges holde.
- a1350 Bytuene mersh (Hrl 2253)27 : Þat al hire bounte telle con.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)964 : No clerk vnder sonne, Þat þe soþe ȝou telle conne.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)1528 : For nouȝt þat euere þou kans biginne.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)57/15 : Hit bohoueþ þet he conne weȝe and ayenweȝe þet word.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)158/23 : Hit is wel sotil þing..to conne distincti betuene þe þoȝtes þet þe herte þengþ and þo þet þe viend þerinne zet.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)249/27 : Þo þet conneþ þe writinge onderstonde.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.94 : Wel koude he sitte on hors and faire ryde.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.652 : Ful pryuely a fynch eek koude he pulle.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)5.112 : Ȝif a lous couþe lepe.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)6.24 : Const þou [B: Condestow] wissen vs þe wey wher þat he dwelleþ?
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4101 : I kan nat loue a coward, by my feith.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.536 : If thou woldest take kepe And wisly cowthest warde and kepe Thin yhe and Ere.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.1505 : Such o þing conne thei noght finde Be Constellacion ne kinde.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1540 : Al that I coude sein Ayein mi fomen.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.928 : He feignede him to conne arede Of thing which after scholde falle.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.386 : As an hors I koude byte and whyne.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.950 : Pardee, we wommen konne no thyng hele.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.304 : I neither may ne kan Lenger the plesance of myn herte hyde.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.197 : Nature ne art ne koude hym nat amende In no degree.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.600 : Who kan seyn bet than he, who kan doon werse?
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4087 : Nan cuth [vrr. cowde, koud, couþe] tiþand o þam tell.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9290 : Wel sal he cun knau quilk es quilk.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)19178 : Qua can us o þam consail ken?
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)1569 : Sa blynde ware þai.. þat þai cowde nauþer resoun ne riȝt..soþfastenes kowde þai noȝt knaw. þai left þe lede of goddes law.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)prol.111 : For-þi I can and can nauȝte of courte speke more.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)3.343 : Ac ȝow failled a cunnyng clerke þat couthe þe lef haue torned!
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)6.70 : Alkyn crafty men þat konne lyuen in treuthe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.536 : Argus, þat koude most of alle To make a schip.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)4/49 : Þou kouth klerely knaw and se.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.308 : Blissed be Love, that kan thus folk converte!
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.622 : Thow koudest nevere in love thiselven wisse.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.956 : He hasteth wel that wisely kan abyde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1358 : How koude ye withouten bond me bynde?
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.409 : If oon kan synge, an other kan wel daunce.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1281 : Thow kanst no dremes rede.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1334 : To yow..I write..My wo..Compleynyng as I dar or kan endite.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1404 : Criseyde shal nought konne knowen me.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5992 : Oure maydens shal eke pluk hym..But he the bet kunne hym defende.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)63/17-18 : Þan wil he..schewe þee sum of his priuete, þe whiche man may not ne kan not speke..fer more þen I kan telle þee, or may, or wile.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)67/17 : I trow þat þou schalt cun betir lerne me þen I þee.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)100/18 : He schuld wel kun make hym-self liche vnto alle þat wiþ hym comouned.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)116/14 : It may not kon worche þis werk, bot ȝif it be illuminid by grace.
- a1425 Body & S.(5) (Add 37787)157 : Euer seþen þat þou couste go.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)165b/a : It is necessarie and ful proffitable..to lechez..þat þai kunne fynde and..ministre helpez of sikemen.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)460 : But I bere me in hire servyse As wel as that my wit can me suffyse..Take she my lif!
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)574 : A fol can not be stille.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)921 : To fynde A man that can in love been trewe and kynde.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)33 : Men good and trewe..that best cunnen and wyllen seyn the trowthe.
- (1443) Doc.Trade in BRS 777 : Þe seid feliship coude ne myght nat obtene her entent in þe same accion.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)9 : Maners..which can not so esili be leerned.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)19 : Clerkis whiche kunnen write bookis.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)22 : As y couþe prove bi ful opene and faire ensaumplis.
- (1445) Paston2.72 : Ho so ever schuld dwelle at Paston schulde have nede to conne defende hym selfe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8036 : Was no knight in the court kouthe comford hym oght.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.15 : I coude hire noght discryuen þogh I wolde.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.21 : Now can he none oþer comfort fynde.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.305 : I couthe none other see.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)276/18 : But it techyth þe to kun knowe þe-self whanne þou art synfull & whanne þou art ryȝtfull.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)480/29 : He grawntid it & cuthe nott agayn-say it.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.56 : Who-so con not be suget, he con not be souerayn.
- a1475(a1447) Bokenham MAngl.(Hrl 4011)30/42 : Þe rurales..labouryd to kunne spekyne ffrensshe.
- a1475 Siege Troy(1) (Hrl 525)206/1678 : An hundrid men þat cowde well fyte.
- a1475 Rev.St.Bridget(3) (Gar 145)35/27 : He oweth fyrst to conne [L scire] with-stonde þe desyris of the flesh.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)7/27 : A litil leerned man in carpentrie kanne and may fynde a defaute in a kingis palice.
- 1485(a1470) Malory Wks.(Caxton:Vinaver)19/33 : They coude no counceil gyve.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)28/11 : Men þat cowth best hurle stones.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)370 : Nothinge lefte thei vn-tolde that thei cowde on thenke.
- a1500 Parton.(1) (Add 35288)3011 : Thatt lady here loue cowde welle Chese Thatte sucche onne chese.
b
- 1123 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1123 : Se biscop of Særesbyrig..wæs þær togeanes eall þat he mihte & cuðe.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)5282 : Nu birrþ me shæwenn, ȝiff I kann, O whillkess kinness wise [etc.].
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)52 : So rigt so he cunne, he houeð in ðe sunne.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2749 : He blewe priis, as he can, Þre mot oþer mare.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1409 : & made hem as mery as ani man couþe.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)prol.33 : Murþhes to maken, as Munstrals cunne [B: conneth].
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.2242 : I yow biseche, as hertely as I dar and kan, ne haste yow nat to faste!
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1544 : As I kan and may, I thanke yow.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5544 : Goode fader, tell me on, So as ye cunne manyon, Touchende of love.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.228 : Half so boldely kan ther no man Swere and lyen as a womman kan.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1406 : I wol be certeyn a wedded man..in al the haste I kan.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1262 : This subtil clerk..spedde hym, that he kan, To wayten a tyme of his conclusioun.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)2.46 : Knowe hem þere, if þow canst, and kepe þi tonge.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.24 : He bad wastoure go worche what he best couthe.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)813 : Þe wyȝez wern welcom, as þe wyf couþe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1124 : So þou maist reporte, ȝif þou can.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.49 : Myn auctour shal I folwen, if I konne.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1673 : As she best koude, she gan hym to disporte.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.377 : If I late or yerne Wolde it bewreye, or dorst or sholde konne.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1314 : Of hire delit..Were impossible to my wit to seye..I kan namore.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)42/1 : Þerfore swink & swete in al þat þou canst & mayst!
- (1425) RParl.4.271a : I and my Maistres..aske of you..as instantly as we kan or mowe..yat my said Lord [etc.].
- c1430(c1395) Chaucer LGW Prol.(2) (Benson-Robinson)59 : This dayesye..Fayn wolde I preysen, if I coude aryght.
- a1450(c1400) Wor.Serm.(Wor F.10)37/504 : Caste te vor to do as wel as te cans be ani wey!
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)378 : Hym oghte nat be tiraunt..to doon the harm he kan.
- c1450 Dc.Prov.(Dc 52)p.44 : He þat doth as can, Blame hym no man.
- (c1453) Let.Oxf.in OHS 35320 : We..made as dew serch..as we cewed.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)56/169 : Kepe þe clene as evyr þou can.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)163/30 : Þat I with my ful mende myght wurcheppe hym, if I con.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)70/27 : Þat þe childe helpe hem..as he canne and may.
2.
To be in a position (to do or be sth.); be justified or right (in doing sth.); be possible or right under the circumstances; -- (a) with complementary inf.; (b) with a clause or phrase expressing the complementary action; (c) used to emphasize the reality or fact of an action: how can you fare? How do you do?; etc. [cp. can v., p.29].
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : I ne can ne i ne mai tellen..alle þe pines ðat hi diden wreccemen on þis land.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2366 : Pharaon..gaf hem ðat he sulden hauen More and bet ðan he kude crauen.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2872 : Egipte folc me knowen can, for ic am ðat ilc moyses ðe egypte folc of sorge les.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)70/27 : Lyerne to sterue, þanne sselt þou conne libbe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.3875 : We olde men..Til we be roten kan we noght be rype.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.NP.(Manly-Rickert)B.4111 : Konne ye ben agast of sweuenys?
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1826 : Thogh that he haue al that he kan desire..He groneth lyk our boor lith in oure sty.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1287 : Who kan be so buxom as a wyf Who is so trewe..To kepe hym syk and hool?
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.803 : Who koude telle, but he hadde wedded be, The ioye..That is bitwix an housbonde and his wyf?
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1299 : So god as Gawayn gaynly is halden..Couth not lyȝtly haf lenged so long wyth a lady, Bot he had craued a cosse bi his courtaysye.
- (1413) Will in Bdf.HRS 218 : Eny dette þat eny man kan axe me by true title or sufficiant euydences.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.798 : What womman koude loven swich a wrecche?
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.819 : To serve and love his deere hertes queene, And thynk it is a guerdon, hire to serve, A thousand fold moore than he kan deserve.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.478 : Ne love a man ne kan I naught, ne may, Ayeins my wyl.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1582 : Best koud I yet ben his leche.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.703 : Swich vanyte ne kan don hire non ese.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.875 : If ich aright have taken of yow hede..koude I nevere sen yow but in sorwe.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3783 : Who serveth Love can telle of woo.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5889 : Natheles, yit kunne we Sende aftir hir, if nede be.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6677 : It can hem nothyng profite; They lese the yift and the meryte.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1585 : As a welle that were botomles, Ryght so can false Jason have no pes.
- a1475(1450) Scrope DSP (Bod 943)34/2 : He schall be so fulle of noughti peple, þat he schal not canne delyuer hym of thayme.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)758 : Sith first I kouthe Have any maner wyt fro youthe.
- (c1453) Let.Oxf.in OHS 35322 : We canne suppose, within short tyme oure seid worke effectuosly may be complessid.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)178/34 : The damesell that sir Gawayne had coude sey but lytyll worshyp of hym.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)6/19 : Neuere man ȝitt wroote enye notable book..þat noon inpugnacioun couþe be made þere aȝens.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)3.7 : Than thai sall noght cun say ill agayns rightwismen.
- a1500(c1370) Chaucer Comp.L.(Benson-Robinson)37 : I can but love hir best, my swete fo; Love hath me taught..stinte for no wo.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Ph.(Manly-Rickert)C.86 : Kepeth wel, for if ye wole ye kan.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.478 : The flour is goon..The bren, as I best kan, now moste I selle.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.550 : Lat me lyven as I kan.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1316 : Beth glad now, if ye konne!
c
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.382 : Wel koude he knowe a draughte of Londoun ale.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.962 : Nece, se how this lord kan knele!
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1563 : And ner he com, and seyde, 'How stant it now This mury morwe? Nece, how kan ye fare?' Criseyde answerde, 'Nevere the bet for yow, Fox that ye ben!'
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)4.1663 : Lat me nevere sterve Er I may..To quyte hym wel, that so wel kan deserve.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)2299,2300 : For now the lover [is] joyous, Now can he pleyne, now can he grone, Now can he syngen, now maken mone.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1127 : Thus can this quene honurable hire gestes calle, As she that can in fredom passen alle.
3.
(a) To have mastery of (a skill), be versed or competent in (a craft, occupation, activity); ~ craft, ~ mister, ~ the olde daunce; ~ (of) courteisie, know polite manners, be courteous; -- with obj. or of, on phrase; (b) to know or understand (a language), have mastery of; ~ of speche; (c) ~ lettres, ~ of lettre, ~ on boke, to know how to read, be literate.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)22899 : Ich con..wunder of feole craftes.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)47 : West þu þat ich ne cunne singe, Þeȝ ich ne cunne of writelinge?
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1305 : Alle þeo þat þer of [i. e. of wicchecrefte] cuþe, Heo uere ifurn of prestes muþe Amanset.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)175 : Michel he couþe of hauk & hounde.
- c1330 Degare (Auch)819 : Sire Degarre couþe of curteisie: He set a chaier bifore þe leuedie [etc.].
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)118 : Al þe werk of wicchecraft wel y-nouȝ che couȝþe.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)635 : Nis it no sekenes bote þat so sore ȝouȝ eiles, I schal þurth craft þat ich kan keuer ȝou i hope.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.110 : Of wodecraft wel koude he al the vsage.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.210 : In alle the ordres foure is noon that kan So muche of daliaunce and fair langage.
- (c1387-95) Chaucer CT.Prol.(Manly-Rickert)A.476 : Of remedies of loue she knew par chaunce, For she koude of that art the olde daunce.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3200 : Of derne loue he koude and of solas.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.374 : The werkes of entaile he cowthe Above alle othre men.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.786 : After the tyme moste be temperaunce To euery wight that kan on gouernaunce.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)700 : Þe nedder..was euer wittur..Mast he cuth [Frf: coude] o crafte and crok.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7408 : Dauid cuth on [Frf: cowde of; Göt: koude of; Trin-C: coude of] sere-kin note, Bath he cuth [Göt: coude], on harpe and rote.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)13142 : His broþer doghter..Com þaim be-for al for to bale..For sco sa well her mister cuth.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)1247 : Muche she couþe of solas and game.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)292/32 : Lewid lechis..þat coude on ruptorie..supposide þerbi for to cure cancris.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)2.226 : He couth of [C: can on] here craft and knewe many gommes.
- (1408) Will in Bk.Lond.E.214/14 : To paye to the same prest..ȝyf he be of good conuersacion & Cunne devyne seruyse, xx li.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1197 : How liketh yow the lettre that ye woot? Kan he theron?
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.694 : Pandarus, that wel koude ech a deel The olde daunce.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)753 : She..couthe ynow of sich doyng As longeth unto karolyng.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2449 : Of kynde he coude his olde faders wone, Withoute lore, as can a drake swimme.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)69b : Þat oon is newe to lerninge þat he can noȝt, and þe toþer haþ forȝete þat he kouþe.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)3839 : Þou art wysere man þan j, And off werre canst wel more.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)248 : What shulde I..peyne me..To speke of Love?..I kan not of that faculte.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2529 : Why are ye..meuyt so mykell for a mad priste That neuer colde of no knighthode?
- c1475(?c1425) Avow.Arth.(Tay 9:French&Hale)257 : Þe King couthe of venery.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)177/262 : I kan no curtesy, as I ȝow tel.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)2751 : Owte he Rode A grete Randowne; Gawayn kyd he covde of werre.
- a1500(?a1450) GRom.(Hrl 7333)2 : Thy wif..hath this day spoken with a man that can of nigromancye.
b
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)93 : Þa apostlas..cuþen alle spechen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)7301 : Findeð me tweien wise men þe wel cunnen a [Otho: conne of] speche.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26245-6 : For Walwain cuðe Romanisc, Walwain cuðe Bruttisc.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)2346 : Eche manere speche hi couþe.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7543 : Bote a man conne frenss, me telþ of him lute.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)240 : Frankis rimes here I redd..Quat is for him na frankis can?
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)18938 : Alle langages þei coude wiþ mouþe.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.239 : I can no frenche, in feith, but of þe ferthest ende of norfolke.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)30/17 : Þam behoues hafe with þam sum men þat can speke Latyne ay till þai cun þe langage of þe cuntree.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)82/17 : Sche cowde non oþer langage þan Englisch, & þerfor þei spokyn be an jnterpretowr.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)8 : Þo þat in þis land wone, þat þe Latyn no Frankys cone.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)23 : Lewede men cune Ffrensch non.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Is.29.12 : I kan not lettris [L nescio litteras].
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))John 7.15 : Hou kan this man lettris [L litteras scit], sithen he hath not lernyd?
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.371 : He was nouȝt so lewed of lettrure..for he coude what hym nedede for to konne [L cætera necessaria sciret].
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.846 : To lerne a lewed man this subtiltee..it wol nat be, And konne he lettrure or konne he noon.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)4441 : Y þat neuer on boke couþe, Alle y hyt red with opun mouþe.
- a1450 LFMass Bk.(Corp-O 155)83 : If þou of letter kan.
4.
(a) To know or have mastery of (a field of learning, a body of doctrines, etc.); ~ lare, possess learning, be learned; ~ artes, ~ craftes, be versed in the arts or sciences; -- with obj. or of phrase; (b) to possess knowledge or understanding; (c) as noun: ability to know or understand.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6869 : & tatt Kalldealandess follc..wass off Balaamess kinn & cuþe well hiss lare.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)13614 : Forr þurrh þatt lare þatt he cann He seþ & underrstanndeþþ Hu mann birrþ lefenn upponn Godd.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)13933 : Nollde he chesenn nan off þa Þatt cuþenn mikell lare.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)523 : Fifti scolmeistres of alle þe creftes þet clerc ah to cunnen.
- a1350(c1307) Death Edw.I (Hrl 2253)52 : After cardinals he sende þat muche couþen of cristes lore.
- a1350 Weping haueþ (Hrl 2253)66 : Clerk ycud þat craftes con.
- a1350 Mon in þe mone (Hrl 2253)36 : Þe lostlase ladde con nout o lawe.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.53 : Donston cowde many craftes.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)1071 : Wolde he of þe Appel ete..he scholde konnen al þat god con.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)156 : Swylk men had nede to lere..Of other men, þat can mare þan þay.
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)2.48 : Þei shulden cunne Goddis lawe and wite how God wole be served.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)30b/a : Geometer: þat can geometre.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)9b/b : It is nedefulle to leches, and namely to Cirurgiens, to konne anothomye.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)27/5 : Forto knowe, leerne, and kunne, and þanne aftir forto remembre alle þo trouþis.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)122/20 : Aristotle was Alexandyres derlynge..clerke..and wel kowth the lawes.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)64 : All the vii arse sche cowthe.
b
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)7547 : Þe more þat a mon can, þe more wurþe he is.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.281 : Þe comoun sawe of Socrates, 'I can nouȝt but þat I can nouȝt' [L tantum scio quod nescio].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.333 : [Demosthenes] seide, most spedful is to knowleche þat he kan not [L respondit Summum esse scire [se] nescire].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)6.1441 : Thei couthe moche, he couthe more; Thei schape and caste ayein him sore..Bot yit thei mihte him noght beguile.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4144 : Old age for the conseil serveth, And lusti youthe his thonk deserveth Upon the travail which he doth..That on can, and that other mai.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1587 : After compleynte, hym gonnen they to preyse..'he kan that fewe lordes konne.'
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)156 : Swylk men had nede to lere ilk day Of other men þat can mare þan þay.
- a1425(?a1400) PCounsel.(Hrl 674)171/24 : A man kyndely desireþ for to kunne; bot certes he may not taast of goostly felyng in God bot only by grace, haue he neuer so moche kunnyng of clergie ne of kynde.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)3b/a : It byhoueþ euery leche first for to konne and afterward to haue vse & experience.
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)114 : A wyse man gladdely herith all maner of techynges..he taketh no hede how myche he can hymme selfe, but how mech he cannot.
- c1450 Spec.Chr.(2) (Hrl 6580)4/10 : Gregorius: Not to kunne es ignorance, not wylle to kunne es pryde.
c
- a1500 Thoythis fre (Dub 157)5 : Thoth ys my can, thoth ys my play; thoth ys my ruff and all my red..war no gud thoth, I war bot dede.
5.
(a) To know (particular things, facts, or truths); be familiar with or informed about (sth.); also, come to know, understand, recognize; -- with obj. or of, on phrase; (b) to know (sth.) by heart; ~ bi herte, ~ bi rote; (c) cunned, known; renowned.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(c1125) Vsp.D.Hom.Fest.Virg.(Vsp D.14)19/46 : Hwu sceal þiss gewurðen? for ic ne cann naht of weres gemane.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)62/7 : We ne cunnon þisne mon ne hwanon he icumen is.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)86/3 : Eow is mucel neod þat ȝe..smeaȝen embe eowre aȝene sawle, þat ȝe sum þing cynnon bi hure cynde.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)94/18 : Hwilon heo wyle witan þa ðing þe heo ær ne cuðe.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12629 : Þatt Cristess follc..Wel cunnenn shollde & cnawenn Þatt hallȝhe Lamb þatt haffde hemm bohht.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)15631 : Forr all þatt wass inn iwhillc mann He sahh & cnew & cuþe.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)16682 : Ȝiff þatt tu nohht ne cannst off þiss Þatt icc her habbe shæwedd.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)3 : Þa wes hit cud ouer al þe burh þet þe helind wes þiderward.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)49/31 : Alswa ðat child ðe nan god ne cann, ne speken ne mai.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)15b : Þet he ne cunne ower god ne ower uuel nowðer, ne ne cunne ow nowðer lastin ne preisin.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)34a : Aȝein misdede..cunneð þis essample.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)55b : Leste sum leorni mare uuel þen ha con & beo þrof itemptet.
- a1250(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Mdst A.13)94/208 : Þanne seiþ þe man þath þine wise ne can, þat te þine wise wel likeþ.
- ?a1300 Sirith (Dgb 86)47 : Ne con I nout on vilte, Ne nout I nelle lerne.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)846 : Thou canst ful wel þe ricthe gate To lincolne, þe gode borw.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)57/14 : Huo þet wyle conne and weȝe þe zennes of þe tonge.
- a1375 Al oþer loue (Eton 36)23 : God canne mi lef, y care na more.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.14.7 : No but thei schulen ȝyue distinccioun of sownyngis, how schal it be kowd [vrr. cunde, knowen; L scietur] that is songun ether that that is harpid?
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)6.3 : Men..þat couþe þe wei þider.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3193 : A poure scoler..koude a certeyn of conclusions To demen by interrogacions.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.2909 : To telle hou ther is such a man, Which..can Al that a good man scholde kunne.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1169 : Þys ensample were gode to kone.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12121 : I can þe ken þat þou ne can.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)12240 : He hardens swilkin thing, þat i ne can end ne beginning.
- a1400 Prov.Wisd.(Bod 9)44 : Sey nat al þat þou kan.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)3.3 : The kyng called a clerke, can I nouȝt his name.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)7.41 : Such as taketh ȝiftes..of innocentz, þat none yuel ne kunneth.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2487 : Þei bad hym þat he shuld abide; For þei wil wit..what he can.
- (1420) Let.in Ellis Orig.Let.ser.3.170 : Other tydynges we can nowght.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.757 : Other cure kanstow non for me. Ek I nyl nat ben cured; I wol deye.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)187 : Bot þat ne[de]ful war to kun and knaw, To listen and lere þai er ful slaw.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)77/15 : & I couþe any schorter wordes, so fully comprehendyng in hem alle goodes & alle yuelles, as þees two wordes don [etc.].
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)144a/a : Many wise men, þof al þai couþ þe cure, þai refused..to entremete hem þer wiþ.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)173b/b : It is profitable also to konne many medecynes.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)131 : A man mai leerne and kunne eny thing.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)798 : I wolde he were .. me by..My dynttis scholde he con!
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)343 : Ye be nat to trust to!..yee clerkis con so much in book, Yee woll wyn a vomman atte first look.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)146/1,15 : Þat goddis comaundementis be not forȝeten, but euer wel kunnen..whi goddis comaundementis ben so yuel kunne of þe peple as þei ben.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)p.514 : That thou has mystire to kun, thi prelate and thi preste ere haldyn to lere the.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)137/32 : He sholde..aske of dyuers nedis and thyngis that goode byth to know and cun.
b
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pard.(Manly-Rickert)C.332 : I kan al by rote that I telle.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pri.(Manly-Rickert)B.1730 : I wol do my diligence To konne it [a song] al er Cristemasse be went.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26567 : Þis es þe trouth man clepes 'crede', þat ilk cristen man cun behous nede.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.402 : I can rymes of Robyn hood.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4796 : Yit I can it all par cuer.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6334 : And kan by herte every langage.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)18/32 : Alle ah at to cune þair Pater noster.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)105/19 : I knowe wel what fell to Seyn Ion..I can his lyf ny be hert.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)618/14 : Whan he cowde hit [the lay] he taught hit to many harpers.
- a1500 3rd Fran.Rule (Seton)53/26 : They that can þe psalter, they shall say it ones.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)26237 : Þa cleopede he eorles tweie, aðele men and wife, heȝe men icunned.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.217 : Þere were famous bookes of mery gestes i-made and cunned [L divulgata] opounliche in despite of hym.
6.
Phrases: (a) connen art, ~ gile, ~ gin, ~ skil, ~ wrench, to be clever or crafty, know a ruse or trick, etc.; (b) connen bote, ~ help, ~ recour, ~ succour, to know or have a remedy; find a way out, escape from a difficulty; (c) cunnen god (wel), to know what is good, proper, right, or beneficial; have good sense; be discriminating, prudent, or wise; (d) ~ maugre, to feel or be resentful, bear (sb.) a grudge; (e) connen red, ~ counsel, ~ skil, to have a helpful plan or suggestion; also, be wise [quot.Cursor]; ~ no red, ~ non ende, know no remedy, be perplexed or helpless; (f) connen skil, ~ wisdom, to have knowledge, understanding, or skill; ~ skil of (on), know about (sth.), be versed in (an art); (g) connen thank, ~ gre, to feel or be grateful (to sb.); owe or offer (sb.) thanks; be pleased; ~ ivel thank, be displeased, resent; (h) ~ insight, ~ (of) wisdom, to have insight or understanding; ~ reson, ~ wit, possess intelligence, be intelligent or wise.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)811 : Þe kat ful wel him sulue liueþ, Þeȝ he ne kunne wrench bute anne.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)1459 : Horn cuþe al þe liste Þat eni man of wiste.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1680 : Craftier skil kan i non þan i wol kuþe.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6321 : Protheus..Cowde nevere sich gile ne tresoun As I.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)673 : Fortune kan so many a wyle, Ther be but fewe kan hir begile.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)335 : We wrechched wymmen konne noon art..Certaynly we ben deceyvyd!
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)2004 : Ne shalt thou never kunne gynne To come into hyt..So faste hit whirleth, lo, aboute.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1251 : He hade slayne hym slighly for sleght þat he couth.
b
- 1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1131 : Þa ne cuþe he him na betre bote, bute be het hem [etc.].
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)7.1346 : Quakyng in þer dreede, Cunnyng no recour in so streit a neede.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)206/9 : They can none othir succour, but nedys they muste yelde them in haste.
- a1475(?1445) ?Lydg.Cal.(Rwl B.408)238 : Better helpe þan prayer can I none.
- c1600(?c1395) PPl.Creed (Trin-C R.3.15)99 : My purpos is i-failed, Now is my counfort a-cast! canstou no bote?
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4863 : Forr þatt mann þatt litell maȝȝ & litell cann to gode, Þiss illke mahht iss..halsumm forr to follȝhenn.
- ?a1300 Thrush & N.(Dgb 86)74 : Þrestelcok, þou art wod, Oþer þou const to luitel goed, Þis wimmen for to shende.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1235 : Harde boffetes hi him [Jesus] ȝeue..Þou couþest, ham þouȝte, to lute goed whanne hi hudde þin eye.
- a1350(1307) Execution Fraser (Hrl 2253)71 : Lutel god couþe he, kyneriche to ȝeme.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.319 : Men þat kouþe but litel good wende [L putatus est ab imperitis] þat he hadde þe wynde in his power.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.231 : A wys wyf, if that she kan hir good, Shal beren hym on hond [etc.].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)67b/a : Olde men wiþ blood þat waxiþ coolde..kannen but litil good. Also for grete age olde men doten & madden.
- a1400 Ancr.Recl.(Pep 2498)51/2 : Ȝif we couþe goode and vnderstondynge hadde ariȝth of god, we wolde þonken hem.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)prol.182 : A mous þat moche good couthe..reherced þese wordes: 'Thouȝ we culled þe catte [etc.].'
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1267 : I haf founden..yowre fraunchis nobele..Hit is þe worchyp of your-self, þat noȝt bot wel connez.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)48 : And leeten Gamelyn þe ȝonge wiþoute lond go; And ech of hem seyde..His breþeren might ȝeue him lond whan he good cowde.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.106 : This Diomede, as he that koude his good..gan fallen forth in speche Of this and that.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1149 : Now douteles, this lady kan hire good..I comende hire wisdom, by myn hood!
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)139/1 : The Pygmeyes..ben full resonable..& conne bothen wytt & gode & malice ynow.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)49.24 : 'How Come þou here?' 'Sire, be hym that mochel good kanne, that ladde the Children of Israel thorw þe Rede se.'
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)800 : In my firste youthe..ful lytel good y couthe.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)1012 : Reson gladly she understood; Hyt folowed wel she koude good. She used gladly to do wel.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)26/4 : Yef he canne ani good, thanne he will cunne her moche thanke.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)3617 : As man that cowde nother yvell nor good.
- a1500(1413) *Pilgr.Soul (Spencer 19)1.3.4a : If thu haddest kowde ony good, suche maner [of malice] had neuere be purposed.
d
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2017 : He þat him oþer tald, He ne couþe him bot maugre.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)990 : Ȝis, and ȝe kun me na mawgre, And þat ȝe mak me sekernes Þat ȝe sal luf me.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4399 : I drede thou canst me gret maugre, That thou enprisoned art for me.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4559 : Curtesie certeyn dide he me..Shulde I therfore cunne hym mawgre?
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)959 : No maugre þou þeym cone, Þaw þey wolde in fredom wone.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)505 : Yef I wiste the kynge looth wolde conne me no magre, I wolde [etc.].
e
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)386/336 : For wummen conne of oþeres rede, þare-fore þe Quiene he sende.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)309 : Get ic wene I can a red Ðat hem sal bringen iwel sped.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2996 : Her hem wantede migt and sped; to swilc ðing cuðen he non red.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9121 : Alas! alas! of engelond ne can ich nanne red.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2126 : Þe cunseil þat y kan i schal þe kiþe sone.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3739 : Hym self he slow, he koude no bettre reed.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.197 : He dradde his fader wrathe, and kouþe non oþer reed but fleiȝ as an outlawe.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.3496 : God mai amende it..I can ther to non other skile.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1668 : The beste reed I kan: Dispeire yow noght!
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10627 : Hir wijt, hir vertu..Es nan þat cuthe sa mikel rede.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.3041 : For loue of whom..þei coude of her wo noon ende.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)105 : She koude no reed but oon..doun on knees she sat anoon And wepte.
f
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)prol.65 : Prudent lysters..That in makyng more skylle can than I.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.608 : So fer it is byȝonde þe occian, Þat schipman noon ferþer skyl can.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Eccl.7.26 : I cumpasside alle thingis in my soule, to kunne and biholde and seke wisdom and resoun.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)30/17 : I xal louyn þe..þow al þe worlde be a-ȝens þe..for þei cun no skyl of þe.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)688 : Of sylvere and golde there is the oore Amonge the wylde Yrishe, though they be pore, For they ar rude and can thereone no skylle.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)932 : Havkyng, hunteng, he cowd good skill ther on.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)656 : These v cowde skile of bateile, and moche thei knewe of werre.
g
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)31 : Soðliche ne con crist him nenne thonc.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)71 : And oft god kon mare þonc þen þe him ȝeueð lesse.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)34a : A mon þe leie i prisun..nalde he cunne god þonc a mon [etc.]?
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1659 : Laban..cuðe him ðer-of wel gret ðhanc.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1271 : Blame habbe, þat him þonk conne!
- ?c1335 Man bihold (Hrl 913)38 : For þe ich ad hard stundes..And þou cunnest me no þonk.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)297 : 'Bi crist,' seide þemperour, 'y con þe gret þonke.'
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.7 : Þerfore I kan þe ful evel þonk at þis tyme.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.1007 : Feignende as thogh sche cowthe him thonk.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)6398 : For all þir dedes gode..þai cund [Frf: conned] him ai ful litell thanck.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14065 : Sco..smerd has me fote and schank, Quar-for i can [Frf: con; Göt: cun] hir mikel thank.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.193 : Þank I auh ȝow conne, þat þou me profers [etc.].
- c1400 *Chaucer Astr.(Brussels 4869)prol.75b : Ȝif it so be that I schewe the..trewe conclusions..konne me the more thank.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1565 : I kwn the thanke for thy come, it comfortes vs all.
- a1475(1450) Scrope DSP (Bod 943)238/12 : If men yeue him, he cannethe theym no thanke.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)106/28 : But yitt I conne you thonke for that ye haue doone.
- (1459-60) Let.Bk.Lond.K (Gldh LetBk K)402 : We..can you þerfore right singler thank.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)73 : Yeve me som thynge that I may conne the thanke fore.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)529 : Loke that ye be as goode a knyght at armes a-gein the saisnes, that thei may conne yow gree.
- a1525(?1474) Cov.Leet Bk.407 : We can you right especiall good thank.
h
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3437 : Þe Calldeowisshe þeod Þatt cann innsihht o steorrness.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)15378 : Swillc drunnkennesse, Þatt teȝȝ ne cunnenn nan innsihht Noff Godd noff Godess lare.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1533 : Þe king ne cuðe na wit, ah bigon to cwakien.
- a1275 *St.Marg.(2) (Trin-C B.14.39)24 : Þo ho couþe of wisedom, ho hatede muche sunne.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2334 : He that wit and reson kan, It sit him wel that he travaile Upon som thing which mihte availe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2245 : Ful worthy ben thy wordes..To euery wight that wit and reson kan.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.620 : My lord kan swich subtiltee, But al his craft ye may nat wite at me.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)29104 : Þe preist þat wisdom can Agh to sceu þe sinful man, þat he [etc.].
7.
To experience (an emotion, trouble, etc.), know from experience; feel or be (happy, sad, angry, etc.); -- also with of phrase.
Associated quotations
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)50/528 : Wið þe alde wifes scheome creft, þe cunnen of þet wasið.
- ?c1250 Ar ne kuthe (Gldh)1 : Ar ne kuthe ich sorghe non; nu ich mot manen min mon.
- ?c1250 I-blessed beo þu (Eg 613)22 : Þe sunnes þat ich habbe i-cvn, heo rewweþ me ful sore.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)148 : Walke wið ðe erðe mildelike among men; no mod ðu ne cune.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1086 : We ne conne noȝt of þralhede ne of wo.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)88.15 : Blisced be þe folk þat conen gladyng.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)2202 : Mikel he cuth [vrr. cowde, couþe] o sin a scham.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)17659 : Al we cund [Trin-C: coude] þe mikel graim, For iesu þou grufe his licam.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20091 : Ne cuth ic ar o soru noght!
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)541 : Of werr moche sorowe he coude.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)232 : So went thei both os bestes wyld; Thei cowd no louyng.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)4005 : Isope coude no chere when Beryn was absent.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)31/67 : With all þe mekenesse þat I kan or may This lombe xal I offre.
8.
Misc. uses: (a) to know (right and wrong, or right from wrong), have moral judgment; (b) to have power or influence, dominate; (c) love can no frendship, love ignores friendship.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)223 : Þa weran boðe [Adam and Eve] deadlice and cuðon ȝeider god and yfel.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 369(1))Ecclus.34.9 : Who is not temptid, what kan he?
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1566 : Sua blind þai war in þair insight, þat reckining cuth [Frf: cowde] þai nan or right.
b
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2747 : Wimmen ðo nomen of here erf kep: Pride ne cuðe bi ðat dai Nogt so michil so it nu mai.
c
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.2 Merch.(Hrl 2255)255 : For thilke goodly, that he lovyd moost, I am abowte falsly hym to reve. Love can no frenship, I se weel.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.105va (3.16) : To knowen & conyn harmeth noȝt, for conyng is euermore faire.
Note: Additional quot. New spelling: conin. Editor's gloss: conyn, v. 'to know, to understand'.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.4ra (Prologue) : For whie, as it is opne schewede to konnyng men, no science may sufficiently be schewede in þis tonge, s. English, and þis..is þe resoun: ouþer for the langage is vnsufficiant in itselfe, or for þat we kane it noȝt parfitly.
Note: Additional quot., sense 3.(b). New spelling (pr. pl.) = kane.