Middle English Dictionary Entry
conǧēlen v.
Entry Info
| Forms | conǧēlen v. Also congeilen, congilen, conjealen. |
| Etymology | L congelāre & OF congeler. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Of water: to solidify in low temperature, freeze; ~ to cristal, ~ hard, turn into ice, freeze; fig. congeled as frost, rigid, lifeless; (b) to freeze (sth.); ~ to hail.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1425(a1415) Wycl.Lantern (Hrl 2324)9/10 : [The unrepentent] lien harde congelid as froost in oold custum of synne.
- a1425 Adam & E.(4) (Bod 596)349 : With the whiche towchynge of the forsaide ȝerde they congeled to-gydre alle yse.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)79/4 : For þe grete calde and continuele frost þe water congelez in to cristall.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.Mutability MN (Hrl 2255)73 : Watir somwhile is congelyd to cristall.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)1.323 : Islandia is an yle, hauenge on the sowthe to hit Norweye, on the northe the see congelede.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)166/21 : Þe yse, þat is watyr congelut hard and bruchull.
- a1550 *Norton OAlch.(BodeMus 63)404 : Watter congeled with cold is yse.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)138a/b : Þere he [coolde] findeþ vapour and gadreþ parties þerof and congeliþ & fresiþ hem in to þe substaunce of hay [Tol: hayle].
- c1450(?c1408) Lydg.RS (Frf 16)4188 : Sodeyn colde..Shal hys fethres so congele, That thay may gedre wynde nor air.
- a1500(?a1450) St.Dor.(1) (Hrl 5272)314 : When grete colde congeileth the grownde.
2.
(a) Of various substances: to turn into a solid state or a solid; solidify, crystallize; ~ into salt, ston; (b) fig. to harden (the heart); (c) congeled togeder, ~ in a lump, lumped together.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.338 : Lich unto slym..congeled.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)196a/b : Quik siluer..cruddeþ nouȝt by it silf kyndeliche..but wiþ brymston..it is congeled and y fastned togedres.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)101/20 : Manna..cometh of the dew of heuene þat falleth vpon the herbes..And it congeleth [Eg: coagules] & becometh all white & swete.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)105/26 : Right as the fyn perl congeleth and wexeth gret of the dew of heuene, right so doth the verray dyamand.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)15/7 : In Cipre þer es a laake..þe water of þe whilk..congelez in to gude salt.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)179a/b : Seþe ham til þat a droppe bygynne to be congeled.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)1126 : This roche was..lyk alum de glas..But of what congeled matere Hyt was, I nyste redely.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)1.327 : In that londe is a welle in whom woodde putte or wolle by a yere be congelede in to a ston.
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)240/32 : The kyndely hette shall be of lytill vertu, and so shal abyde the mette longe congilet in the stomake.
- a1500 BodAdd.A.106 Lapid.(BodAdd A.106)p.53 : Corayle..is mad of ye fom of ye se..ye wynd beres it vpe in-to ye eyr, & yer it sal congele & wex hard.
- 1532-1897(c1385) Usk TL (Thynne:Skeat)93/66 : By a maner of virgine engendrure arn these Margarytes engendred, and afterward congeled.
b
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)599 : The sower of discord as hard as ony stoon Had congeled his hert.
c
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)73/17 : Þis blynde beholdyng of synne, þus conielyd in a lumpe.
- a1450(c1400) Wor.Serm.(Wor F.10)63/421 : Ich am a dedliche man..& e my modres wombe was..nyne monþes congeled togeder.
3.
(a) Of blood, humors: to coagulate, thicken; (b) to coagulate or thicken (blood, a humor, etc.); ~ a cluddre, form a clot.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)55b/a : Ȝif þe herte be constreyned by ouer meche coolde, þe blood is congeled [L congelatur].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)280b/a : He seiþ þat þe hertes blood and hare blod congeleþ [L coagulatur] neuere, but is alway..flotyng.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)312a/a : Superfluyte of þikkenesse abydeþ þer Inne y congeled [L coagulata] and yfastened.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)268/17 : A plastre þat wole dissolue mylk þat is congelid hard.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)30b/a : So þat þe grete blood go oute and þat it be nouȝt congeled.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)38a/b : Flegmoun is made ouercolde..so þat þe mater þerof in congeled.
b
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)203/11 : Malancolie..congiliþ it [a humor] hard.
- ?a1425 *Chauliac(1) (NY 12)132a/a : Straunge humidite descendyng in to þe eie, bi..coldnez of þe eie congeled.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)67b/a : He schal halde to gidre forsoþe the blode and he schal congele a cluddre.
4.
(a) Alch. To combine two substances or 'qualities' into one; (b) congeled with, firmly attached to (sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)55a : Howe to congell, the nedeth not muche to care; ffor ellementes will knit to gether sone ffro putrefactione.
- a1550 *Ripley CAlch.(BodeMus 63)55b : More over, congel not into so harde a stone As glas or cristall..Furste purge and fix the elementes of thy stone Till they to gether congell..For when thy matter is made perfitly whit Then will the spirit with the body congelid be..the moiste congellid by the drye Ingendrith whitnes.
b
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)82/16 : Þee schal þink it onyd & congelid wiþ þe substaunce of þi beyng, ȝe, as it were wiþ-outyn departyng.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)1.1152 : Right so is olde malice..Congeled with hate as a tree to a rynde.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.18rb (1.4) : 'Congelare' is for to congelen propurly, in Englisshe for to fresen, and also it restreyneþ, i. letteþ and wiþholdeþ, þe colour fro his kynde decoccioun and digestioun.
Note: Additional quot. Editor's gloss: 'to freeze or chill, to thicken'.